Ubuntu "dpkg -l" 和 "dpkg-query -

它俩的输出是一样的。
其中ii, rc这样的状态字段读起来有点麻烦，具体含义要看文档man dpkg-query。
rc的意思是已经删除了但是还有配置文件，ii就是正常安装好了的包。
Desired action:
u = Unknown
i = Install
h = Hold
r = Remove
p = Purge

          Package status:
            n = Not-installed
            c = Config-files
            H = Half-installed
            U = Unpacked
            F = Half-configured
            W = Triggers-awaiting
            t = Triggers-pending
            i = Installed

          Error flags:
            <empty> = (none)
            R = Reinst-required