1. 组件的导入导出
1.1 组件的导出
组件的导出使用关键字export default
/**
* UIComponent.js文件
*/
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import {View, StyleSheet } from 'react-native';
export default class UIComponent extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.content}></View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
content: {
width: 200,
height: 200,
backgroundColor: 'orange',
margin: 50
}
});
1.2 组件的导入
组件的导入使用import
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { AppRegistry,StyleSheet,Text,View} from 'react-native';
import UIComponent from './UIComponent';
export default class ReactDemo extends Component {
render() {
return (
<UIComponent />
);
}
}
AppRegistry.registerComponent('ReactDemo', () => ReactDemo);
2. 常量、变量、函数的导入导出
2.1 导出
使用关键字export
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import {View, StyleSheet } from 'react-native';
var name = '张三';
var age = 18;
export { name, age, sum }
export default class UIComponent extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.content}></View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
content: {
width: 200,
height: 200,
backgroundColor: 'orange',
margin: 50
}
});
function sum(x, y) {
return x + y;
}
2.2 导入
导入使用关键字import
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { AppRegistry,StyleSheet,Text,View} from 'react-native';
import UIComponent, { name, age, sum } from './UIComponent';
export default class ReactDemo extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View>
<UIComponent />
<Text style={{fontSize: 24, color: 'blue'}}>姓名: {name}</Text>
<Text style={{fontSize: 24, color: 'blue'}}>年龄: {age}</Text>
<Text style={{fontSize: 24, color: 'blue'}}>3 + 2 = {sum(3, 2)}</Text>
</View>
);
}
}
AppRegistry.registerComponent('ReactDemo', () => ReactDemo);
3. Props(属性)
大多数组件在创建时就可以使用各种参数来进行定制。用于定制的这些参数就称为props, 只需要在组件中使用this.props即可,Props 是由上个组件传递过来或者本组件定义的默认属性
3.1 上个页面传递过来的属性
/**
*UIComponent.js
*/
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import {View, StyleSheet, Text } from 'react-native';
export default class UIComponent extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.content}>
<Text style={styles.text}>Hello {this.props.name}</Text>
</View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
content: {
width: 200,
height: 200,
backgroundColor: 'orange',
marginTop: 10,
marginLeft: 50
},
text: {
fontSize: 24,
color: 'blue'
}
});
/**
* 入口文件
*/
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { AppRegistry,StyleSheet,Text,View} from 'react-native';
import UIComponent from './UIComponent'
export default class ReactDemo extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View>
<UIComponent name = "JavaScript"/>
<UIComponent name = "Objective-C"/>
<UIComponent name = "Java" />
</View>
);
}
}
AppRegistry.registerComponent('ReactDemo', () => ReactDemo);
3.2 定义默认属性
当上一个页面没有传递属性时,使用默认的属性(传递过来的属性优先级高于默认属性),使用关键字static defaultProps
/**
*UIComponent.js
*/
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import {View, StyleSheet, Text } from 'react-native';
export default class UIComponent extends Component {
static defaultProps = {
name: 'World'
}
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.content}>
<Text style={styles.text}>Hello {this.props.name}</Text>
</View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
content: {
width: 200,
height: 200,
backgroundColor: 'orange',
marginTop: 10,
marginLeft: 50
},
text: {
fontSize: 24,
color: 'blue'
}
});
3.3 属性的类型检查
为了保证类型的正确性,react-native引入了类型检查,使用关键字static propTypes,由于PropTypes是react包中的,所以需要在react包中引入
/**
*UIComponent.js
*/
import React, { Component, PropTypes } from 'react';
import {View, StyleSheet, Text } from 'react-native';
export default class UIComponent extends Component {
static defaultProps = {
name: 'World',
}
static propTypes = {
name: PropTypes.string,
age: PropTypes.number,
sex: PropTypes.string.isRequired,
}
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.content}>
<Text style={styles.text}>姓名: {this.props.name}</Text>
<Text style={styles.text}>年龄: {this.props.age}</Text>
<Text style={styles.text}>年龄: {this.props.sex}</Text>
</View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
content: {
width: 200,
height: 200,
backgroundColor: 'orange',
marginTop: 10,
marginLeft: 50
},
text: {
fontSize: 24,
color: 'blue'
}
});
/**
* 入口文件
*/
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { AppRegistry,StyleSheet,Text,View} from 'react-native';
import UIComponent from './UIComponent'
export default class ReactDemo extends Component {
render() {
var params = {name: '李四', age: 18, sex: '男'};
return (
<View>
<UIComponent {...params}/>
</View>
);
}
}
AppRegistry.registerComponent('ReactDemo', () => ReactDemo);
//ES6 解构赋值
/**
* 入口文件
*/
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { AppRegistry,StyleSheet,Text,View} from 'react-native';
import UIComponent from './UIComponent'
export default class ReactDemo extends Component {
render() {
var params = {name: '李四', age: 18, sex: '男'};
var {name, sex} = params;
return (
<View>
<UIComponent
name={name}
sex = {sex}
/>
</View>
);
}
}
AppRegistry.registerComponent('ReactDemo', () => ReactDemo);
4. state(状态)
我们使用两种数据来控制组件state、props, props是父组件中指定的,一经指定,在组件的生命周期中不会改变,对于需要改变的数据需要使用state, 通常在constructor中初始化state, 需要改变的时候调用this.setState方法
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { StyleSheet,Text,View} from 'react-native';
export default class StateTest extends Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
size: 80
}
}
render() {
return (
<Text
style={styles.text}
onPress = {() => {
this.setState({
size: this.state.size + 20
});
}
}>{this.state.size}</Text>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
text: {
width: 100,
height: 100,
fontSize: 30,
backgroundColor: 'blue',
color: 'orange',
}
});
5. ref
ref是组件的一个特殊属性,页面被渲染后指向页面的一个引用。通过这个引用来获取真实的组件。
react-native 中的组件并不是真正的DOM,它是存在于内存中的一种数据结构(虚拟DOM),只有在它插入文档以后才会变成真正的DOM,所有DOM的变动都会发生在虚拟DOM上,再将实际发生变动的部分反映在真正的DOM上,这种算法可以极大的提高页面性能的表现.
/**
* RefTest.js文件
*/
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { View, Text, StyleSheet } from 'react-native';
export default class RefTest extends Component {
constructor(props)
{
super(props);
this.state = {
size: 80,
}
}
getSize() {
return this.state.size;
}
render()
{
return (
<Text
style={styles.text}
// 点击事件
onPress = {() => {
this.setState({
size: this.state.size + 20
});
}
}
>{this.state.size}</Text>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
text: {
width: 200,
height: 200,
backgroundColor: 'blue',
fontSize: 30,
color: 'white',
textAlign: 'center',
lineHeight: 200
}
});
/**
* 入口文件
*/
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { AppRegistry,StyleSheet,Text,View} from 'react-native';
import RefTest from './RefTest'
export default class ReactDemo extends Component {
constructor(props)
{
super(props);
this.state = {
size: 0,
}
}
render() {
return (
<View>
<Text
style = {{marginTop: 30, fontSize: 50}}
onPress = {
() => {
var size = this.refs.reftest.getSize();
this.setState({
size: size,
});
}
}
>利用ref获取值: {this.state.size}</Text>
<RefTest
ref="reftest" />
</View>
);
}
}
思路: 首先为RefTest组件定义了一个ref属性, 当render方法被调用后组件被渲染, 就可以通过this.refs.reftest来获取这个组件的实例,然后通过这个实例来调用这个组件的方法或者变量
注意: 为什么是refs,因为还有其他组件也有这个属性,这里获取的是一个数组。
- 类
//类
export default class Student {
constructor(name, sex, age)
{
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
this.age = age;
}
//定义方法
getDescription()
{
return '年龄: ' + this.name + '\n性别:' + this.sex + '\n年龄:' + this.age;
}
}
/**
* 入口文件
*/
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { AppRegistry,StyleSheet,Text,View} from 'react-native';
import Student from './Student'
export default class ReactDemo extends Component {
constructor()
{
super();
this.stu = new Student('小红', '女', 18);
}
render()
{
return(
<Text
style={{fontSize: 30, color: 'blue', margin: 50}}
>{this.stu.getDescription()}</Text>
);
}
}
AppRegistry.registerComponent('ReactDemo', () => ReactDemo);
6.1 类的继承
import Student from './Student'
export default class MingStudent extends Student {
constructor(name, sex, age)
{
super(name, sex, age);
}
//重构父类方法
getDescription()
{
return super.getDescription();
}
}
/**
* 入口文件
*/
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { AppRegistry,StyleSheet,Text,View} from 'react-native';
import MingStudent from './MingStudent'
export default class ReactDemo extends Component {
constructor()
{
super();
this.stu = new MingStudent('小明','男',18);
}
render()
{
return(
<Text
style={{fontSize: 30, color: 'blue', margin: 50}}
>{this.stu.getDescription()}</Text>
);
}
}
AppRegistry.registerComponent('ReactDemo', () => ReactDemo);
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