linux系统安装mysql

作者: 李姗姗_8ef1 | 来源:发表于2019-01-29 15:03 被阅读0次

1.RHEL

RHEL 7.2
mysql-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

使用Xshell将mysql安装包放入/usr/local/src目录下，在/usr/local目录下建立mysql文件夹并解压

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /usr/local/mysql

安装

[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

提示有包冲突，先找到冲突的包

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.x86_64

卸载

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.x86_64

再次安装mysql
如果只安装客户端的话，只需要安装三个包

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.e################################# [100%]

之后通过mysql -h(mysql服务端ip) -p(mysql服务端连接密码)，连接到mysql服务器。
如果是想安装服务端，就按照下面的过程操作。

1.安装mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    /usr/bin/perl is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64
    net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64
    perl(Getopt::Long) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64
    perl(strict) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64

安装报缺少依赖，一个是perl，一个是net-tools

2.安装perl

下载perl：http://www.perl.org/get.html

放在/usr/local/src目录下，解压

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@localhost src]# tar xzf perl-5.28.1.tar.gz

尝试安装perl时报错，看报错原因是缺少gcc

[root@localhost src]# cd perl-5.28.1
[root@localhost perl-5.28.1]# ./Configure -des -Dprefix=/usr/local/perl
... ...
You need to find a working C compiler.
Either (purchase and) install the C compiler supplied by your OS vendor,
or for a free C compiler try http://gcc.gnu.org/
I cannot continue any further, aborting.

我的是新环境，所以需要先安装gcc，如果已经安装过gcc，应该是如下执行顺序并且没有报错，就可以跳过本文中安装gcc的说明部分。

[root@localhost src]# cd perl-5.28.1
[root@localhost perl-5.28.1]# ./Configure -des -Dprefix=/usr/local/perl
[root@localhost perl-5.28.1]# make && make install
[root@localhost perl-5.28.1]# perl -v
This is perl 5, version 28, subversion 1 (v5.28.1) built for x86_64-linux

3.安装gcc

RHEL安装gcc过程，可参考https://blog.csdn.net/jianm_liu/article/details/78316690
其中，我在安装过程遇到了版本依赖错误

[root@localhost src]# rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm 
warning: yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    python-urlgrabber >= 3.10-8 is needed by yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch
    rpm >= 0:4.11.3-22 is needed by yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch

下载两个包rpm-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64.rpm，python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch.rpm，分别进行升级

[root@localhost src]# rpm -Uvh rpm-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps
warning: rpm-4.11.3-35.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:rpm-4.11.3-35.el7                ################################# [ 50%]
Cleaning up / removing...
   2:rpm-4.11.3-17.el7                ################################# [100%]
[root@localhost src]# rpm -qa | grep python-urlgrabber
python-urlgrabber-3.10-7.el7.noarch
[root@localhost src]# rpm -e python-urlgrabber-3.10-7.el7.noarch
[root@localhost src]# rpm -ivh python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch.rpm
warning: python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7     ################################# [100%]

再次安装

[root@localhost src]# rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm 
warning: yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-5################################# [ 50%]
   2:yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos         ################################# [100%]

之后继续执行gcc的安装过程https://blog.csdn.net/jianm_liu/article/details/78316690
更改CentOS6-Base-163.repo文件时，我选择的是将gpgkey指定成本地文件。所以要注意更改版本号、baseurl以及gpgkey，上面的博客链接中贴出了完整的文件内容，注意自己的使用方式来进行对比修改。
安装完gcc后再安装perl，并使用perl -v查看是否安装成功

[root@localhost src]# cd perl-5.28.1
[root@localhost perl-5.28.1]# ./Configure -des -Dprefix=/usr/local/perl
[root@localhost perl-5.28.1]# make && make install
[root@localhost perl-5.28.1]# perl -v
This is perl 5, version 28, subversion 1 (v5.28.1) built for x86_64-linux

4.消除perl依赖错误

安装完perl再执行mysql安装时，还会报perl依赖错误，需要从http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/中下载perl-Module-Install-1.06-4.el7.noarch.rpm并安装

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# yum install -y perl-Module-Install-1.06-4.el7.noarch.rpm

尝试安装mysql-server

[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64

可以看见，perl依赖错误不见了。

5.安装net-tools

从http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/下载net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm并安装

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# rpm -ivh net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
  1:net-tools-2.0-0.24.20131004git.el################################# [100%]

再尝试安装mysql-server

[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.e################################# [100%]

安装完成！
我是虚拟机新安装的RHEL系统，没有想到安装mysql会这样复杂，还好安装的同时就在记录，遇到问题，在网上找各种解决办法，也算将完整版的安装过程记录了下来。
从网站下载的包，版本会不断更新，我记录的都是安装时下载到的最新版本。

2.配置mysql

发现系统中已经默认创建好了mysql组和用户，需要做的是更改权限

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
mysql:x:27:27:MySQL Server:/var/lib/mysql:/bin/false
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
mysql:x:27:
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

启动mysql

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld

查看初始密码并修改

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
2019-01-29T17:09:39.265494Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: L=IJ=+gd+5T*
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -pL=IJ=+gd+5T* password Lss_20181121
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

修改密码还遇到过这样的情况

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqladmin -uroot -p1IhJq4iei!Ns password Lss_20181121
-bash: !Ns: event not found

这种符号造成的错误，可以用 '' 来解决，即改为如下命令

mysqladmin -uroot -p'1IhJq4iei!Ns' password Lss_20181121

登录mysql

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: (此处输入密码并回车)
... ...
mysql>

授权远程连接

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Lss_20181121' WITH GRANT OPTION;       
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;   
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

关闭防火墙开机启动，关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-01-29 10:24:40 EST; 2h 24min ago
 Main PID: 968 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─968 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

Jan 29 10:24:38 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Jan 29 10:24:40 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)

Jan 29 10:24:38 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Jan 29 10:24:40 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Jan 29 12:49:47 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Jan 29 12:49:48 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.

更改SELinux安全性，vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux，修改SELINUX=disabled
至此，可以使用主机Navicat Premium软件连接到此虚拟机的数据库了。
这里尝试过，其实关闭防火墙就可以使用主机Navicat Premium连接了，但selinux开启容易出现权限及端口拦截问题，一般为了避免出现问题都选择关闭selinux。

3.CentOS

CentOS 7
mysql-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

按照上面RHEL系统的顺序安装，安装中只报缺少net-tools依赖

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
    net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el7.x86_64

安装net-tools后即可安装mysql成功，再按照上面配置mysql的说明进行操作，也可以做到主机Navicat Premium软件连接到此CentOS虚拟机的数据库。

linux系统安装mysql

1.RHEL

1.安装mysql

2.安装perl

3.安装gcc

4.消除perl依赖错误

5.安装net-tools

2.配置mysql

3.CentOS

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