Spring Boot是由Pivotal团队提供的全新框架,其设计目的是用来简化新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。
对绝大多数SpringBoot的用户来说,SpringBoot的感觉就是用起来很爽,但不知道怎么实现的。鄙人也属于其中一份子,现在决定读一遍源码,了解下原理。首先,来看一下SpringBoot是如何启动的。
1、创建一个SpringBoot的Demo
package com.louis.springboot.demo1;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Demo1Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Demo1Application.class, args);
}
}
从代码中可以看出,SpringBoot的项目从通过SpringApplication的静态方法run来初始化项目。打开源码可以发现,SpringApplication类中有两个静态run方法,分别如下:
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object source, String... args) {
return run(new Object[] { source }, args);
}
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Object[] sources, String[] args) {
return new SpringApplication(sources).run(args);
}
从方法的实现可以看出,run方法返回了一个新的SpringApplication的实例,并调用public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args)方法。因此,启动的分析过程可从new SpringApplication(sources),以及run方法来分析;
2.SpringApplication的构造方法
SpringApplication的构造方法调用了initialize防范,两个方法的源码如下:
public SpringApplication(Object... sources) {
initialize(sources);
}
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
private void initialize(Object[] sources) {
if (sources != null && sources.length > 0) {
this.sources.addAll(Arrays.asList(sources));
}
this.webEnvironment = deduceWebEnvironment();
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
initialize方法主要完成的工作有:
1)判断是否是web程序(javax.servlet.Servlet和org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext都必须在类加载器中存在),并设置到webEnvironment属性中;
2)从spring.factories文件中找出key为ApplicationContextInitializer的类并实例化后设置到SpringApplication的initializers属性中。这个过程也就是找出所有的应用程序初始化器;
3)从spring.factories文件中找出key为ApplicationListener的类并实例化后设置到SpringApplication的listeners属性中。这个过程就是找出所有的应用程序事件监听器;
4)找出main类,这里是Demo1Application类;
3.run方法分析
在分析run方法之前,先看下run方法的代码
/**
* Run the Spring application, creating and refreshing a new
* {@link ApplicationContext}.
* @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
* @return a running {@link ApplicationContext}
*/
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
configureHeadlessProperty();
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(
args);
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,
applicationArguments);
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
context = createApplicationContext();
analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,
printedBanner);
refreshContext(context);
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
listeners.finished(context, null);
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)
.logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
return context;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
}
1) 创建一个StopWatch,观察SpringApplication的执行;
2)获取所有的SpringApplicationRunListener并封装到SpringApplicationRunListeners中,用于监听run方法的执行。
3)创建Spring容器(ApplicationContext);
4)创建FailureAnalyzers对象,如果抛异常,则将analyzers传入失败处理流程;
5)处理容器准备(设置环境,处理listenrs,处理参数,设置banners)、刷新的事务;
private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
ConfigurableEnvironment environment, SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, Banner printedBanner) {
context.setEnvironment(environment);
postProcessApplicationContext(context);
applyInitializers(context);
listeners.contextPrepared(context);
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
logStartupProfileInfo(context);
}
// Add boot specific singleton beans
context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springApplicationArguments",
applicationArguments);
if (printedBanner != null) {
context.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("springBootBanner", printedBanner);
}
// Load the sources
Set<Object> sources = getSources();
Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[sources.size()]));
listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}
private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
refresh(context);
if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
try {
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
catch (AccessControlException ex) {
// Not allowed in some environments.
}
}
}
protected void afterRefresh(ConfigurableApplicationContext context,
ApplicationArguments args) {
callRunners(context, args);
}
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