python——细节

给程序传参数

import sys
print(sys.argv)
name = sys.argv
print("热烈欢迎%s的到来"%name)
python3 sys.py jalynnxi
打印结果：
'['sys.py', 'jalynnxi']
热烈欢迎jalynnxi的到来

#python2
>>> range(10,20)
[10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
>>> range(10,18,3)
[10, 13, 16]
#python3
>>> range(10,20)
range(10, 20)

列表生成式

在用时再生成，以免浪费太多的内存。如下把range的列表里需要的信息取出来存入a,b

>>> a = [i for i in range(1,18)]
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]
>>> b = [11 for i in range(1,18)]
>>> b
[11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11]
>>> c =  [i for i in range(10) if i%2 ==0]
>>> c
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
>>> d =  [i for i in range(3) for j in range(2)]
>>> d
[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]
>>> e =  [(i,j) for i in range(3) for j in range(2)]
>>> e
[(0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1), (2, 0), (2, 1)]

#####集合
#集合里的数据不可重复，用大括号定义的除了字典，还有集合
>>> c = {11,22,33,11,22,33}
>>> c
{33, 11, 22}

给列表去重

>>> c = {11,22,33,11,22,33}
>>> c
{33, 11, 22}
>>> a = [11,22,33,11,22,33]
>>> f = set(a)
>>> f
{33, 11, 22}
>>> b = list(f)
>>> b
[33, 11, 22]

集合也可以增删改查，但是如果增加的元素之前集合里就有，则添加失败

练习

老王开枪

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self,name):
        super(Person,self).__init__()
        self.name = name
        self.gun = None
        self.hp = 100
    def anzhuang_zidan(self,danjia_temp,zidan_temp):
        danjia_temp.baocun_zidan(zidan_temp)
    def anzhuang_danjia(self,gun_temp,danjia_temp):
        gun_temp.baocun_danjia(danjia_temp)
    def naqiang(self,gun_temp):
        self.gun = gun_temp
    def koubanji(self,diren):
        self.gun.fire(diren)
    def diaoxue(self,shashangli):
        self.hp -= shashangli
    def __str__(self):
        if self.gun:
            return "%s的血量为%d,他有枪%s"%(self.name,self.hp,self.gun)
        else:
            if self.hp>0:
                return "%s的血量为%d,他没有枪"%(self.name,self.hp)
            else:
                return "敌人已经被打死"
class Gun(object):
    def __init__(self,name):
        super(Gun,self).__init__()
        self.name = name
        self.danjia = None
    def baocun_danjia(self,danjia_temp):
        self.danjia = danjia_temp
    
    def fire(self,diren):
        zidan_temp = self.danjia.tanchu_zidan()
        if zidan_temp:
            zidan_temp.dazhong(diren)
        else:
            print("没有子弹了")
    def __str__(self):
        if self.danjia:
            return "枪的信息为：%s,弹夹的信息为：%s"%(self.name,self.danjia)
        else:
            return "枪的信息为：%s,这把枪没有弹夹"%(self.name)

class Danjia(object):
    def __init__(self,max):
        super(Danjia,self).__init__()
        self.max = max
        self.zidan_list = []
    
    def baocun_zidan(self,zidan_temp):
        self.zidan_list.append(zidan_temp)
    def tanchu_zidan(self):
        if self.zidan_list:
            return self.zidan_list.pop()
        else:
            None       
    def __str__(self):
        return "弹夹的信息为%d/%s"%(len(self.zidan_list),self.max)

class Zidan(object):
    def __init__(self,shashangli):
        super(Zidan,self).__init__()
        self.shashangli = shashangli
    def dazhong(self,diren):
        diren.diaoxue(self.shashangli)

def main():
    #用来控制整个程序流程
    #1、创建老王对象
    laowang = Person("老王")
    #2、创建枪对象
    ak47 = Gun("AK47")
    #3、创建弹夹对象
    danjia = Danjia(20)
    #4、创建子弹对象
    for i in range(15):
        zidan = Zidan(10)
        laowang.anzhuang_zidan(danjia,zidan)
    #5、创建敌人
    diren = Person("敌人")
    print(diren)
    #6、老王把子弹安装到弹夹中
#    laowang.anzhuang_zidan(danjia,zidan)
    #7、老王把弹夹装到抢中
    laowang.anzhuang_danjia(ak47,danjia)
#    print(danjia)
#    print(ak47)
    #8、老王拿枪
    laowang.naqiang(ak47)
    print(laowang)
    #9、老王开枪打敌人  
    laowang.koubanji(diren)
    print(diren)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
运行结果：
敌人的血量为100,他没有枪
老王的血量为100,他有枪枪的信息为：AK47,弹夹的信息为：弹夹的信息为15/20
敌人的血量为90,他没有枪
敌人的血量为80,他没有枪