美文网首页图片处理
iOS开发之CoreImage框架使用(上)

iOS开发之CoreImage框架使用(上)

作者: 半岛夏天 | 来源:发表于2018-12-24 00:04 被阅读36次

    CoreImage框架是一个专门用来对图片进行处理的框架,其中提供了许多高级功能,可以帮助开发者完成UIKit或者CoreGraphics框架无法完成的任务,并且使用CoreImage框架可以十分轻松的实现滤镜以及图像识别等流行技术。本篇博客主要介绍和总结CoreImage框架的使用,并提供范例代码。

    一、图像过滤器

    1.几组内置的过滤器

    CIFilter是CoreImage中提供的图像过滤器,也可以将其理解为滤镜。许多美颜应用,图像处理应用等都是为原图添加了滤镜效果。本节我们着重看下与这个类相关的应用。首先,CoreImaghe默认提供了非常多的滤镜效果,但是并没有详细的文档介绍,有关滤镜效果可以分为下面几个类别:

    //通过改变图像的几何形状来创建3D效果,类似隆起 过滤器组
    NSString * const kCICategoryDistortionEffect;
    //旋转扭曲相关过滤器组
    NSString * const kCICategoryGeometryAdjustment;
    //混合过滤器组 对两个图像进行混合操作
    NSString * const kCICategoryCompositeOperation;
    //一种色调过滤器组 类似报纸风格
    NSString * const kCICategoryHalftoneEffect;
    //颜色过滤器组 调整对比度 亮度等
    NSString * const kCICategoryColorEffect;
    //多个图像源的过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryTransition;
    //平铺图像过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryTileEffect;
    //滤光类过滤器 通常作为其他过滤器的输入
    NSString * const kCICategoryGenerator;
    //减弱图像数据的过滤器 通常用来进行图像分析
    NSString * const kCICategoryReduction;
    //渐变过滤器 
    NSString * const kCICategoryGradient;
    //画像过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryStylize;
    //锐化过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategorySharpen;
    //模糊过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryBlur;
    //视频图片相关过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryVideo;
    //静态图片相关过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryStillImage;
    //交叉图像过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryInterlaced;
    //非矩形图像上的过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryNonSquarePixels;
    //高动态图像的过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryHighDynamicRange;
    //CoreImage内置的过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryBuiltIn;
    //复合的过滤器
    NSString * const kCICategoryFilterGenerator;
    

    上面列出了非常多的类别,其实上面只是按照不同的场景将过滤器进行了分类,每个分类中都定义了许多内置的过滤器,使用下面的方法可以获取每个分类下提供的过滤器:

    //获取某个分类的所有过滤器名
    + (NSArray<NSString *> *)filterNamesInCategory:(nullable NSString *)category;
    //获取一组分类下的所有过滤器名
    + (NSArray<NSString *> *)filterNamesInCategories:(nullable NSArray<NSString *> *)categories;
    

    2.过滤器的一个简单示例

    下面示例代码演示过滤器的简单应用:

    UIImage * img = [UIImage imageNamed:@"1.png"];
    CIImage * image = [[CIImage alloc]initWithImage:img];
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIBoxBlur" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image, nil];
    [filter setDefaults];
    CIContext * context = [[CIContext alloc]initWithOptions:nil];
    CIImage * output = [filter outputImage];
    CGImageRef ref = [context createCGImage:output fromRect:[output extent]];
    UIImage * newImage = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:ref];
    CGImageRelease(ref);
    UIImageView * imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(170, 30, 150, 400)];
    imageView.image = newImage;
    [self.view addSubview:imageView]; 
    UIImageView * imageView2 = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 30, 150, 400)];
    imageView2.image = img;
    [self.view addSubview:imageView2];
    

    效果如下图:

    image

    上面演示了简单的模糊过滤效果。

    3.对CIFilter类进行解析

    CIFilter类的解析如下:

    //过滤后输出的图像
    @property (readonly, nonatomic, nullable) CIImage *outputImage;
    //过滤器名称
    @property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
    //是否开启CoreAnimation动画效果
    @property (getter=isEnabled) BOOL enabled;
    //返回当前过滤器所有支持的输入键
    @property (nonatomic, readonly) NSArray<NSString *> *inputKeys;
    //返回当前过滤器所有支持的输出键
    @property (nonatomic, readonly) NSArray<NSString *> *outputKeys;
    //将过滤器的所有输入值设置为默认值
    - (void)setDefaults;
    //返回当前过滤器的属性字段
    /*
    需要注意这个字段对于学习此过滤器非常有用
    其中会声明此过滤器的输入和输出 即如果使用
    */
    @property (nonatomic, readonly) NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *attributes;
    //用来进行过滤器的自定义 后面会介绍
    - (nullable CIImage *)apply:(CIKernel *)k
                      arguments:(nullable NSArray *)args
                        options:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)dict;
    //同上
    - (nullable CIImage *)apply:(CIKernel *)k, ...;
    //根据过滤器的名称创建过滤器
    + (nullable CIFilter *) filterWithName:(NSString *) name;
    //创建过滤器 同时进行配置
    + (nullable CIFilter *)filterWithName:(NSString *)name
                            keysAndValues:key0, ...;
    + (nullable CIFilter *)filterWithName:(NSString *)name
                      withInputParameters:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)params;
    //注册过滤器
    + (void)registerFilterName:(NSString *)name
                   constructor:(id<CIFilterConstructor>)anObject
               classAttributes:(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)attributes;
    //将一组过滤器进行编码
    + (nullable NSData*)serializedXMPFromFilters:(NSArray<CIFilter *> *)filters
                                inputImageExtent:(CGRect)extent;
    //进行反编码
    + (NSArray<CIFilter *> *)filterArrayFromSerializedXMP:(NSData *)xmpData
                                         inputImageExtent:(CGRect)extent
                                                    error:(NSError **)outError;
    

    4.常用过滤器详解

    • 区域凸起过滤器

    这个过滤器的作用是在图片的某个区域创建一块凸起。示例代码如下:

    /*
    kCIInputCenterKey键用来设置滤镜中心
    kCIInputScaleKey 设置为0则没有影响 1则会凸起效果 -1则会凹入效果
    kCIInputRadiusKey 设置滤镜的影响范围
    */
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIBumpDistortion" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image,kCIInputCenterKey,[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:100 Y:200],kCIInputScaleKey,@-1,kCIInputRadiusKey,@150, nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 线性凹凸过滤器

    这个过滤器创建类似波纹效果,示例如下:

    /*
    与上一个过滤器相比 可以设置
    kCIInputAngleKey 角度 0-2π
    */
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIBumpDistortionLinear" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image,kCIInputCenterKey,[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:100 Y:200],kCIInputScaleKey,@-1,kCIInputRadiusKey,@150,kCIInputAngleKey,@(M_PI_2), nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 圆形飞溅过滤器

    这个过滤器的作用是选取图像的某个区域,对其四周进行飞溅拉伸,例如:

    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CICircleSplashDistortion" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image,kCIInputCenterKey,[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:100 Y:200],kCIInputRadiusKey,@50, nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 圆形缠绕过滤器

    这个过滤器选取某个区域,进行缠绕效果,例如:

    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CICircularWrap" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image,kCIInputCenterKey,[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:100 Y:200],kCIInputRadiusKey,@20, kCIInputAngleKey,@3,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 灰度混合过滤器

    这个过滤器将提供混合图像的灰度值应用于目标图像,例如:

    /*
    inputDisplacementImage设置要混合的灰度图片
    */
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIDroste" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image,kCIInputScaleKey,@200,@"inputDisplacementImage",image2,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 递归绘制图像区域
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIDroste" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image,@"inputInsetPoint0",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:100 Y:100],@"inputInsetPoint1",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:200 Y:200],@"inputPeriodicity",@1,@"inputRotation",@0,@"inputStrands",@1,@"inputZoom",@1,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 玻璃纹理过滤器

    这个过滤器用提供图片作为目标图片的纹理,进行混合,例如:

    /*
    inputTexture设置纹理图像
    */
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIGlassDistortion" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image,kCIInputCenterKey,[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:100 Y:200],kCIInputScaleKey,@100,@"inputTexture",image2,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 菱形透镜过滤器
    /*
    inputPoint0设置第一个圆的圆心
    inputPoint1设置第二个圆的圆心
    inputRadius设置半径
    inputRefraction设置折射率 0-5之间
    */
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIGlassLozenge" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image,@"inputPoint0",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:100 Y:200],@"inputPoint1",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:200 Y:200],@"inputRadius",@100,@"inputRefraction",@2,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 圆孔形变过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIHoleDistortion" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image,@"inputRadius",@50,kCIInputCenterKey,[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:100 Y:200],nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 九宫格拉伸过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CINinePartStretched" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBreakpoint0",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:50 Y:50],@"inputBreakpoint1",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:100 Y:100],@"inputGrowAmount",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:50 Y:50],nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 九宫格复制过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CINinePartTiled" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBreakpoint0",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:50 Y:50],@"inputBreakpoint1",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:100 Y:100],@"inputGrowAmount",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:50 Y:50],@"inputFlipYTiles",@1,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 紧缩过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIPinchDistortion" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputCenter",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:150 Y:150],@"inputRadius",@500,@"inputScale",@1,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 拉伸裁剪过滤器
    /*
    inputSize 设置拉伸裁剪尺寸
    */
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIStretchCrop" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputCenterStretchAmount",@1,@"inputCropAmount",@0.5,@"inputSize",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:300 Y:150],nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 环状透镜过滤器

    这个过滤器创建一个环状透镜,对图像进行扭曲。

    /*
    inputCenter设置环中心
    inputRadius 设置半径
    inputRefraction 设置折射率
    inputWidth 设置环宽度
    */
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CITorusLensDistortion" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputCenter",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:150 Y:150],@"inputRadius",@150,@"inputRefraction",@1.6,@"inputWidth",@40,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 旋转过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CITwirlDistortion" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputAngle",@3.14,@"inputCenter",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:150 Y:150],@"inputRadius",@150,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 涡流过滤器
    //inputAngle 设置涡流角度
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIVortexDistortion" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputAngle",@(M_PI*10),@"inputCenter",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:150 Y:150],@"inputRadius",@150,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 形变过滤器

    这个过滤器对图像进行简单的形变处理,如缩放,旋转,平移等。

    CGAffineTransform tr =  CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(M_PI_2);
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIAffineTransform" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputTransform",[NSValue valueWithCGAffineTransform:tr],nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 矩形裁剪过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CICrop" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputRectangle",[[CIVector alloc] initWithCGRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, 150, 150)],nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 边缘采样过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIEdgePreserveUpsampleFilter" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image,@"inputLumaSigma",@0.15,@"inputSpatialSigma",@3,@"inputSmallImage",image2,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 矩形矫正过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIPerspectiveCorrection" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBottomLeft",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:0 Y:0],@"inputBottomRight",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:150 Y:0],@"inputTopLeft",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:0 Y:150],@"inputTopRight",[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:150 Y:150],nil];
    

    效果如图:

    image
    • 旋转矫正过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIStraightenFilter" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputAngle",@3.14,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 背景混合过滤器

    通过提供一个图像作为背景与目标图像进行混合。

    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIAdditionCompositing" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 色彩混合过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIColorBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 暗混合过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIColorBurnBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 亮混合过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIColorDodgeBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    
    image
    • 暗选择混合模式过滤器

    这个过滤器将选择较暗的图像作为混合背景,例如:

    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIDarkenBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 亮选择混合模式过滤器

    这个过滤器将选择较亮的图像作为混合背景,例如:

    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIDifferenceBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 分开混合模式过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIDivideBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 排除混合模式过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIExclusionBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 强光混合模式过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIHardLightBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 色调混合模式过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIHueBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 减轻混合模式过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CILightenBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 线性燃烧混合模式过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CILinearBurnBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 线性高亮混合过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CILinearDodgeBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 亮度混合过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CILuminosityBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 最大值混合过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIMaximumCompositing" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 最小值混合过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIMinimumCompositing" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 多重混合过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIMultiplyBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    

    效果如下:

    image
    • 多重合成过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIMultiplyCompositing" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    
    image
    • 重叠混合模式
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIOverlayBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    
    image
    • 亮混合模式
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIPinLightBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    
    image
    • 饱和混合模式
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CISaturationBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    
    image
    • 屏幕混合模式
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIScreenBlendMode" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    
    image
    • 源图像上层混合
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CISourceAtopCompositing" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputBackgroundImage",image,nil];
    
    image
    • 圆屏过滤器
    /*
    inputSharpness 设置圆圈锐度
    inputWidth 设置间距
    */
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CICircularScreen" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,kCIInputCenterKey,[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:150 Y:150],@"inputSharpness",@0.7,@"inputWidth",@6,nil];
    
    image
    • 半色调过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CICMYKHalftone" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputAngle",@0,kCIInputCenterKey,[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:150 Y:150],@"inputGCR",@1,@"inputSharpness",@0.7,@"inputUCR",@0.5,@"inputWidth",@6,nil];
    
    image
    • 点屏过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIDotScreen" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputAngle",@0,kCIInputCenterKey,[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:150 Y:150],@"inputSharpness",@0.7,@"inputWidth",@6,nil];
    
    image
    • 阴影屏过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIHatchedScreen" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputAngle",@0,kCIInputCenterKey,[[CIVector alloc] initWithX:150 Y:150],@"inputSharpness",@0.7,@"inputWidth",@6,nil];
    
    image
    • 线性sRGB过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CILinearToSRGBToneCurve" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • 色彩翻转过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIColorInvert" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • 色图过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIColorMap" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputGradientImage",image,nil];
    
    image
    • 单色过滤器
    /*
    inputColor 设置输入颜色
    inputIntensity 设置影响程度
    */
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIColorMonochrome" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputColor",[CIColor colorWithRed:0.5 green:0.5 blue:0.5],@"inputIntensity",@1,nil];
    
    image
    • 分色镜过滤器
    /*
    inputLevels设置亮度级别
    */
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIColorPosterize" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputLevels",@6,nil];
    
    image
    • 反色过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIFalseColor" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputColor0",[CIColor colorWithRed:0 green:0 blue:0],@"inputColor1",[CIColor colorWithRed:1 green:1 blue:0],nil];
    
    image
    • 光效褪色过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIPhotoEffectFade" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • 光效瞬时过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIPhotoEffectInstant" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • 光效单光过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIPhotoEffectMono" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • 黑色光效应过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIPhotoEffectNoir" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • 光渐进过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIPhotoEffectProcess" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • 光转移过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIPhotoEffectTransfer" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • 棕褐色过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CISepiaTone" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • 热图过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIThermal" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • X射线过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIXRay" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image
    • 模糊过滤器
    //参数进行模糊效果的设置
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIBokehBlur" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputSoftness",@0.5,@"inputRingSize",@0.1,@"inputRingAmount",@0,@"inputRadius",@10,nil];
    
    image
    • 盒模糊过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIBoxBlur" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputRadius",@10,nil];
    
    image
    • 阀瓣模糊过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIDiscBlur" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputRadius",@25,nil];
    
    image
    • 高斯模糊过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIGaussianBlur" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputRadius",@10,nil];
    
    image
    • 梯度模糊过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIMorphologyGradient" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputRadius",@5,nil];
    
    image
    • 运动模糊过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIMotionBlur" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,@"inputRadius",@5,nil];
    
    image
    • 缩放模糊过滤器
    CIFilter * filter = [CIFilter filterWithName:@"CIZoomBlur" keysAndValues:kCIInputImageKey,image2,nil];
    
    image

    5.自定义过滤器

    上面演示了非常多的常用内置过滤器,我们也可以通过继承CIFilter来自定义过滤器。

    自定义过滤器之前,首先需要了解CIKernel这个类,CIKernel是Core Image Kernel Language 的抽象对象。CIKL是CoreImage中专门用来编写像素处理函数的语言。

    CIKernel相关类解析如下:

    //基类 用于通用的过滤函数
    @interface CIKernel : NSObject
    //从字符串加载一组过滤函数
    + (nullable NSArray<CIKernel *> *)kernelsWithString:(NSString *)string;
    //从字符串加载一个过滤函数
    + (nullable instancetype)kernelWithString:(NSString *)string ;
    //名称
    @property (atomic, readonly) NSString *name ;
    //进行图片生成
    - (nullable CIImage *)applyWithExtent:(CGRect)extent
                              roiCallback:(CIKernelROICallback)callback
                                arguments:(nullable NSArray<id> *)args;
    @end
    //用于颜色修正的过滤函数
    @interface CIColorKernel : CIKernel
    + (nullable instancetype)kernelWithString:(NSString *)string;
    - (nullable CIImage *)applyWithExtent:(CGRect)extent
                                arguments:(nullable NSArray<id> *)args;
    @end
    //用于形状修正的过滤函数
    @interface CIWarpKernel : CIKernel
    + (nullable instancetype)kernelWithString:(NSString *)string;
    @end
    //用于色彩混合的过滤函数
    @interface CIBlendKernel : CIColorKernel
    + (nullable instancetype)kernelWithString:(NSString *)string;
    - (nullable CIImage *)applyWithForeground:(CIImage*)foreground
                                   background:(CIImage*)background;
    @end
    

    下面是一个简单的翻转图像的自定义过滤器示意,首先新建一个新的cikernel文件,命名为a.cikernel,如下:

    kernel vec2 mirrorX ( float imageWidth )
    {
    // 获取待处理点的位置
    vec2 currentVec = destCoord();
    // 返回最终显示位置
    return vec2 ( imageWidth - currentVec.x , currentVec.y );
    }
    

    新建一个过滤器类,命名为MyFilter,如下:

    #import <CoreImage/CoreImage.h>
    @interface MyFilter : CIFilter
    @property(nonatomic,strong)CIImage * inputImage;
    @end
    #import "MyFilter.h"
    
    @interface MyFilter()
    
    @property(nonatomic,strong)CIWarpKernel * kernel;
    
    @end
    
    @implementation MyFilter
    
    
    
    - (instancetype)init {
        
        self = [super init];
        if (self) {
                //从文件读取过滤函数
                NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle bundleForClass: [self class]];
                NSURL *kernelURL = [bundle URLForResource:@"a" withExtension:@"cikernel"];
                NSError *error;
                NSString *kernelCode = [NSString stringWithContentsOfURL:kernelURL
                                                                encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
                
                NSArray *kernels = [CIKernel kernelsWithString:kernelCode];
                self.kernel = [kernels objectAtIndex:0];
        }
        return self;
    }
    
    - (CIImage *)outputImage
    {
        CGFloat inputWidth = self.inputImage.extent.size.width;
        CIImage *result = [self.kernel applyWithExtent:self.inputImage.extent roiCallback:^CGRect(int index, CGRect destRect) {
            return destRect;
        } inputImage:self.inputImage arguments:@[@(inputWidth)]];
        return result;
    }
    //设置说明字典
    -(NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)attributes{
        return @{
                 @"inputImage" :  @{
                     @"CIAttributeClass" : @"CIImage",
                     @"CIAttributeDisplayName" : @"Image--",
                     @"CIAttributeType" : @"CIAttributeTypeImage"
                     }};
    }
    @end
    

    如下进行使用即可:

    MyFilter * filter = [[MyFilter alloc]init];
    filter.inputImage = image2;
    CIContext * context = [[CIContext alloc]initWithOptions:nil];
    CIImage * output = [filter outputImage];
    CGImageRef ref = [context createCGImage:output fromRect:output.extent];
    UIImage * newImage = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:ref];
    

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:iOS开发之CoreImage框架使用(上)

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/ghookqtx.html