1，目的

在已经掌握docker安装、docker仓库的基本使用、docker镜像和容器的基本操作和相互转化的基础上，可尝试通过docker搭建一个web服务器，便于分布式部署或快速移植web服务器。
通过本文的学习，可以了解学习docker容器与宿主机的文件和端口映射，进一步熟练使用docker容器。

2，修改容器，搭建简单的web服务

安装nginx

# apt-get install nginx

修改nginx配置文件

# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/web.conf 

# server的配置
server {
    # 监听端口 
    listen 81;
    # 项目的初始化页面
    location / {
       root  /home/visual/nginx_web/;
       index index.html;
    }
}

修改开机启动项

# vi /etc/rc.local

####!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

service ssh start
service nginx start

/bin/bash

exit 0

3，创建镜像，便于再次启动容器

通过commit操作创建docker镜像文件，上篇文章已经讲过，命令如下

kevin@apple:~/docker$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
568e5204fff3        ubuntu              "/bin/sh -c 'while..."   40 hours ago        Exited (137) 38 hours ago                       kind_khorana
00f561d97811        ubuntu              "/bin/echo hello w..."   40 hours ago        Exited (0) 40 hours ago                         nifty_mcnulty
93a1b9d39683        ubuntu              "bash"                   40 hours ago        Exited (0) 5 seconds ago                        zealous_noether
abdc084f9821        hello-world         "/hello"                 41 hours ago        Exited (0) 18 hours ago                         sleepy_clarke
kevin@apple:~/docker$ docker commit 93a1b9d39683 learn/nginx:v2
sha256:ab92edd21696770f1eb37e9229b6834094a8d3381e5b4e9edc620b7927004bb4
kevin@apple:~/docker$ docker images
REPOSITORY                                       TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
learn/nginx                                      v2                  ab92edd21696        5 seconds ago       370MB
learn/visual_init                                v1                  56a4eab7dc5b        37 hours ago        321MB
registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zhangsp/ai      visual_init         56a4eab7dc5b        37 hours ago        321MB
ubuntu                                           latest              14f60031763d        5 days ago          120MB
hello-world                                      latest              1815c82652c0        5 weeks ago         1.84kB

4，启动新容器

使用新创建的镜像learn/nginx:v2，启动新容器

# docker run -it --name nginx_test -h docker-nginx -p 8001:81 -p 8000:80 -v /home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/:/home/visual/nginx_web/ learn/nginx:v2 /bin/sh /etc/rc.local

启动容器的参数介绍

• -it，交互方式启动
• --name nginx_test，指定新容器的名称是nginx_test
• -h docker-nginx，指定新容器的主机名是docker-nginx
• -p 8001:81 -p 8000:80，指定宿主机与docker容器的端口映射，宿主机的8001对应docker容器的81，宿主机的8000对应docker容器的80
• -v /home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/:/home/visual/nginx_web/，指定宿主机与docker容器的文件映射，宿主机的/home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/ 对应docker容器的 /home/visual/nginx_web/
• learn/nginx:v2，指定启动容器对应的镜像是learn/nginx:v2，可以是镜像ID
• /bin/sh /etc/rc.local，指定容器启动后，执行shell脚本是/etc/rc.local

查看docker容器，容器nginx_test处于up状态，说明启动正常

kevin@apple:~/docker/nginx_web$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS                                        NAMES
cbbbe7a5d47a        learn/nginx:v2      "/bin/sh /etc/rc.l..."   25 minutes ago      Up 24 minutes                  0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8001->81/tcp   nginx_test
966bd52b72da        ubuntu              "/bin/sh -c 'while..."   42 hours ago        Exited (137) 40 hours ago                                                   stupefied_knuth
00f561d97811        ubuntu              "/bin/echo hello w..."   42 hours ago        Exited (0) 42 hours ago                                                     nifty_mcnulty
93a1b9d39683        ubuntu              "bash"                   43 hours ago        Exited (0) About an hour ago                                                zealous_noether
abdc084f9821        hello-world         "/hello"                 43 hours ago        Exited (0) 20 hours ago                                                     sleepy_clarke

5，测试docker_nginx是否正常

通过浏览器测试8001端口

通过浏览器测试8001端口-1.png

通过浏览器测试8000端口

通过浏览器测试8000端口.png

修改宿主机的文件，并测试8001端口

• 修改宿主机的/home/kevin/docker/nginx_web/index.html文件

kevin@apple:~/docker/nginx_web$ vi index.html 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx! I am in docker!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx! I am in Docker!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

• 通过浏览器测试8001端口，发现“Welcome to nginx! I am in docker!”，说明内容已经修改，使用docker做为web服务器的功能已经OK

通过浏览器测试8001端口-2.png