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SpringMVC学习day-66:SpringMVC的框架搭建

SpringMVC学习day-66:SpringMVC的框架搭建

作者: 开源oo柒 | 来源:发表于2019-10-23 23:04 被阅读0次

一、SpringMVC的框架搭建

1.SpringMVC的简介:

MVC:
Model(模型)是应用程序中用于处理应用程序数据逻辑的部分。通常模型对象负责在数据库中存取数据。
View(视图)是应用程序中处理数据显示的部分。通常视图是依据模型数据创建的。
Controller(控制器)是应用程序中处理用户交互的部分。通常控制器负责从视图读取数据,控制用户输入,并向模型发送数据。

  • 为什么学习SpringMVC:

(1)我们发现,每当用户发送一个请求,就对应后台一个servlet,如果用户有100个请求,这个时候就需要用户书写100个servlet。
(2)使用现在servlet进行页面数据接受的时候,我们发现相当的麻烦。
(3)我们书写的java代码和servlet 之间的耦合太高。

  • SpringMVC的概念:

springMVC是一种web层mvc框架,用于替代servlet(处理|响应请求,获取表单参数,表单校验等);
Spring mvc

示意图

2.SpringMVC框架搭建:

  • SpringMVC搭建的步骤:
    (1)导包:


    jar包

    (2)配置web.xml:

在web.xml中,配置ContextLoaderListener(解析spring配置文件)和springmvc的前端控制器。

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
        <!--除了jsp之外的所有请求资源 -->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        <!-- <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> -->
    </servlet-mapping>

(3)在src下创建springmvc.xml配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
        
        <!-- 扫描注解@Controller -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.zlw.controller"></context:component-scan>
        
        <!-- @RequestMapping -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

(4)编写控制器Controller:

package com.zlw.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
//用于标记在一个类上;该类就是一个SpringMvc Controller对象
@Controller
public class MyContorller {
    //处理对应的请求
    @RequestMapping("abc")
    public String Demo() {

        System.out.println("进入Demo!");
        
        //响应
        return "index.jsp";
    }
}

(5)编写jsp页面:

<body>
    <h3>index.jsp</h3>
</body>

3.SpringMVC框架完善:

  • 静态资源的放行:
    (1)在web.xml中使用url-pattern配置:
<servlet-mapping> 
  <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name> 
  <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> 
  <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> 
 </servlet-mapping>

(2)在springmvc中手动放行静态资源:

<!-- 静态资源放行  mapping:指代的是网络的地址  location:指代的是放行本地的什么资源  -->
        <mvc:resources location="/imge/" mapping="/imge/**"></mvc:resources>
        <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"></mvc:resources>
        <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"></mvc:resources>
结果

二、SpringMVC进行参数接收

  • jsp页面:
<body>
    <form action="demo4" method="post">
        <p>
            用户名:<input type="text" name="uname" />
        </p>
        <p>
            密码:<input type="password" name = "pwd"/>
        </p>
        <p>
            年龄:<input type="text" name="age" />
        </p>
        <p>
            出生日期:<input type="text" name="birth"/>
        </p>
        <p>
            爱好:
            吃:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="eat"/>
            喝:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="drink"/>
            玩:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="play"/>
        </p>
        <p>
            <input type="submit" value="提交" />
        </p>
    </form>
  </body>

1.参数获取方式一:

/**
     * 参数获取方式一: 
     * 需要注意:我们需要的内置对象直接可以当作参数进行传递过来直接使用
     * 
     * @author zhang
     */
    @RequestMapping("demo")
    public String demo(HttpServletRequest request) {
        String uname = request.getParameter("uname");
        String pwd = request.getParameter("pwd");
        String age = request.getParameter("age");
        System.out.println(uname + "--" + pwd + "--" + age);

        return "success.jsp";
    }

2.参数获取方式二:

/**
     * 参数获取方式二: 
     * 注意:使用该方式进行数据接收时,保证形参的名称和前台form表单name的值必须一致
     */
    @RequestMapping("demo2")
    public String demo2(String uname, String pwd, int age) {

        System.out.println(uname + "--" + pwd + "--" + age);

        return "success.jsp";
    }

3.参数获取方式三:

/**
     * 参数接收方式三: 
     * 参数可以直接使用对象进行接收 注意:现在表单中的name属性必须和接收参数对象中的实体参数保持一致
     * 
     * @param user
     */
    @RequestMapping("demo3")
    public String demo3(User user) {

        System.out.println(user);

        return "success.jsp";
    }
  • User类:
    private String uname;
    private String pwd;
    private int age;

4.参数获取方式四:

/**
     * 参数接收方式四:
     * sql的Date 只含有年月日
     * util中的Date含有年月日和时分秒
     * @DateTimeFormat:接收日期格式的数据
     * @DateTimeFormat(pattren ="指定日期的格式")
     * @param hobby
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("demo4")
    public String demo4(String[] hobby,@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss")Date birth) {

        System.out.println(hobby[0]+"---"+birth);

        return "success.jsp";
    }

5.参数获取方式五:

/**
     * springmvc/demo05/xx/123/uuu
     * 这种数据传递的方式,就是可以让数据传递变得更加的安全
     * @param name
     * @param pwd
     */
    @RequestMapping("/demo5/{name}/{pwd}")
    public String demo5(@PathVariable String name,@PathVariable String pwd){
        
        System.out.println(name+"==="+pwd);
        return "success.jsp";   
    }

三、SSM框架整合

1.导包:

jar包

2.创建实体类(参照数据库表的列名):

    private int userId;
    private String userName;
    private String userPass;

3.编写mapper声明接口及映射文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.zlw.ssm.mapper.UserMapper">

    <select id="findAll" resultType="user">
        select * from t_user
    </select>
    
    <insert id="add" parameterType="user">
        insert into t_user(userName,userPass) values(#{userName},#{userPass})
    </insert>
</mapper>

4.创建service接口及实现类:

package com.zlw.ssm.service.impl;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.zlw.ssm.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.zlw.ssm.pojo.User;
import com.zlw.ssm.service.UserService;

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;
    
    @Override
    public List<User> findAll() {
        return userMapper.findAll();
    }

    @Override
    public int add(User user) {
        return userMapper.add(user);
    }
}

5.在src下创建applicationContext.xml配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描注解包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zlw.ssm.service"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/user"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置sqlSessionFactory,并注入数据源 -->
    <bean id="factory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.zlw.ssm.pojo"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置MapperScannerConfigurer,用于扫描mapper -->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="factory"></property>
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.zlw.ssm.mapper"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置声明式事务 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置事务通知 -->
    <tx:advice id="Advice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="findAll" propagation="SUPPORTS" />
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.zlw.ssm.service.*.*(..))"
            id="point" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="Advice" pointcut-ref="point" />
    </aop:config>

</beans>

6.在web.xml中:

配置ContextLoaderListener(解析spring配置文件)和springmvc的前端控制器;解决post提交的乱码问题。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <display-name>x_springmvc02</display-name>

    <!-- 解析spring的配置文件 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- 解决post乱码问题 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>

        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <!-- spring mvc的前端控制器,类似struts2的核心过滤器 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

7.在src下创建springmvc.xml配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
      
      <!-- 注解扫描 -->
      <context:component-scan base-package="com.zlw.ssm"></context:component-scan>
      
      <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

8.编写控制器Controller;

package com.zlw.ssm.controller;

import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import com.zlw.ssm.pojo.User;
import com.zlw.ssm.service.UserService;

@Controller
public class UserController {
    
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    //查询
    @RequestMapping("/list")
    public String list(HttpServletRequest request){
        
        List<User> list = userService.findAll();
        request.setAttribute("list", list);
        return "list.jsp";
    }
    //添加
    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public String add(User user){
        
        int n = userService.add(user);
        if (n>0) {
            return "/list";
        }
        return "error";
    }
}

9.编写jsp展现页面:

(1)添加:

<body>
    <h3>添加用户</h3>
    <form action="add" method="post">
        <p>
            用户名<input type="text" name="userName"/>
        </p>
        <p>
            密码:<input type="password" name="userPass"/>
        </p>
        <p>
            <input type="submit" value="注册"/>
        </p>
    </form>
    <span><a href="http://localhost:8080/x_springmvc02/list">查询所有</a></span>
  </body>

(2)查询:

<body>
  <h3 align="center">用户信息</h3>
    <table align="center" width="800px" border="1px">
  <tr>
    <th>用户ID</th>
    <th>用户名</th>
    <th>密码</th>
    <th>删除&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;修改</th>
  </tr>
  <c:forEach items="${list }" var="user">
  <tr>
    <td>${user.userId }</td>
    <td>${user.userName }</td>
    <td>${user.userPass}</td>
    <td>删除&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;修改</td>
  </tr>
  </c:forEach>
</table>

</body>

  • 实现效果:
增加
查询

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