三种模式
• 内嵌模式：元数据保持在内嵌的derby模式，只允许一个会话连接
• 本地独立模式：在本地安装Mysql，吧元数据放到mySql内
• 远程模式：元数据放置在远程的Mysql数据库

1、下载Hive安装包
http://hive.apache.org/downloads.html

2、将hive文件上传到HADOOP集群，并解压
将文件上传到：/export/software
tar -zxvf apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz -C /export/servers/
cd /export/servers/
ln -s apache-hive-1.2.1-bin hive

3、配置环境变量，编辑/etc/profile

set hive env

export HIVE_HOME=/export/servers/hive
export PATH=${HIVE_HOME}/bin:$PATH

让环境变量生效

source /etc/profile
4、修改hive配置文件
• 进入配置文件的目录
cd /export/servers/hive/conf/

• 修改hive-env.sh文件
cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh

将以下内容写入到hive-env.sh文件中
export JAVA_HOME=/export/servers/jdk
export HADOOP_HOME=/export/servers/hadoop
export HIVE_HOME=/export/servers/hive

• 修改log4j文件
cp hive-log4j.properties.template hive-log4j.properties

将EventCounter修改成org.apache.hadoop.log.metrics.EventCounter

log4j.appender.EventCounter=org.apache.hadoop.hive.shims.HiveEventCounter

log4j.appender.EventCounter=org.apache.hadoop.log.metrics.EventCounter

• 配置远程登录模式
touch hive-site.xml
将以下信息写入到hive-site.xml文件中
<configuration>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop02:3306/hivedb?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>root</value>
</property>
</configuration>

5、安装mysql并配置hive数据库及权限
• 安装mysql数据库及客户端
yum install mysql-server
yum install mysql
service mysqld start
• 配置hive元数据库
mysql -u root -p
create database hivedb;
• 对hive元数据库进行赋权，开放远程连接，开放localhost连接
grant all privileges on . to root@"%" identified by "root" with grant option;
grant all privileges on . to root@"localhost" identified by "root" with grant option;
(这里要注意版本,不同的版本命令格式会有所不同.)
grant all privileges on . to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456'with grant option;(这是5.6的)

之后在刷新权限;

flush privileges;

6、运行hive命令即可启动hive
hive

异常1：如果报错Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported
将/export/servers/hive/lib 里面的jline2.12替换了hadoop 中/export/servers/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.1/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jline-0.09*.jar

异常2：异常信息
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/export/servers/apache-hive-2.0.0-bin/lib/hive-common-2.0.0.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Hive metastore database is not initialized. Please use schematool (e.g. ./schematool -initSchema -dbType ...) to create the schema. If needed, don't forget to include the option to auto-create the underlying database in your JDBC connection string (e.g. ?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true for mysql)
处理方法：
执行初始化命令: schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema
异常3:
The specified datastore driver ("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver") was not found in the CLASSPATH.
解决：
复制mysql-connector-java-commercial-5.1.73-bin.jar文件到/home/grid/hive-0.8.1/lib目录