一些跨进程通信包括不同应用之间和同一应用不同进程之间

作者: niudeyang | 来源:发表于2018-04-11 11:25 被阅读13次

跨进程之不通应用之间

1在app中启动另外一个app
A应用拉起B应用的非主页面的某个页面，并且传值（一般是鉴权token值、type值以及其他参数值，本文仅仅以传递type值为例），B应用根据传递过来的不同的值启动不同的页面。需要注意的是A应用拉起B应用的启动页（SplashActivity）并传值（token值和type值以及其他参数值），在启动页获取到值并且存储到SharedPreferences中，最好再存储一个Boolean值，代表这是从第三方应用拉起来的。然后有两种情况，通过Activity的管理工具类判断栈中是否含有B应用的主页面（即B应用是否已经运行在后台）①不含有：代表后台并没有运行B应用，那么我们正常启动主页面，在主页（MainActivity）从SharedPreferences中获取到这个Boolean值与A应用传递过来的值，由主页根据A应用传递过来的值打开相应的页面，这样用户点击返回顺序为：B应用相应页面-B应用主页面-A应用；②含有：代表B应用已经运行在后台，并且现在可能停留在某个页面，此时，我们不应该在启动页继续走启动主页面的逻辑了，如果继续启动主页面，由于我们设置了主页的启动模式为android:launchMode=”singleTask”，那么B应用栈中主页面以上页面都会出栈，用户将看不到刚刚浏览过的页面，这样太不友好了。因此此时的解决方案是我们要在启动页发个静态广播，在广播接收者中获取到SharedPreferences中的Boolean值与A应用传递过来的值，并且通过Activity的管理工具类获取到栈顶的Activity，然后在栈顶Activity的基础上启动相应的页面，（当然，这里也可以不发送广播，直接在启动页通过Activity的管理工具类获取到栈顶的Activity，然后在栈顶Activity的基础上启动相应的页面，这样效果是一样的）这样用户点击返回的顺序为：B应用相应页面-B应用用户拉起客户端之前浏览的页面-B应用主页面-A应用。

b应用启动页清单文件配置
 <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>

            <!--ACTION启动配置用于隐士启动app host path选填-->
            <intent-filter>
                <data
                    android:host="pull.csd.demo"
                    android:path="/cyn"
                    android:scheme="csd" />
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
            </intent-filter>
A应用启动B的代码
Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setData(Uri.parse("csd://pull.csd.demo/cyn?type=110"));
            intent.putExtra("", "");//这里Intent当然也可传递参数,但是一般情况下都会放到上面的URL中进行传递
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            startActivity(intent);
B应用获取A传递的信息
 if(null!=intent&&null!=intent.data) {
            val uri:Uri = intent.data
            if (uri != null) {
               Toast.makeText(this,uri.scheme + "--" + uri.host + "--" + uri.path + uri.getQueryParameter("type"),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            }
        }

2广播

public class BroadcastActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_broadcast);
        View send = findViewById(R.id.send_broad_cast);
        send.setOnClickListener(v->{
            Intent intent=new Intent();
            intent.setAction("test_send_cast");
            intent.putExtra("info", "传递内容");
            sendBroadcast(intent);
            System.out.println("发送了广播");
        });
    }
另外一个项目中接受广播
package com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;

public class ReceiveBroadcastActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver;
    IntentFilter intentFilter;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_receive_broadcast);
        intentFilter=new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("test_send_cast");
        broadcastReceiver=new MyReceiver();
        registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver,intentFilter);
    }
    class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
    {

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            if(intent!=null){
                if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(intent.getAction())){
                    System.out.println("!TextUtils.isEmpty(intent.getAction()");
                }
                if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(intent.getStringExtra("info"))){
                   System.out.println(intent.getStringExtra("info"));
                }
            }
        }

    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(broadcastReceiver);
    }
}

3AIDL (Android interface definition language)
在AndroidStudio 中新建aidl文件


// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

interface IMyAidlInterface {
    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,
            double aDouble, String aString);
           
            boolean forwardPayMoney(float money);


}

新建一个service隐士启动

        <service
            android:name=".service.ProvideService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"
            >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.action.AIDL"></action>
            </intent-filter>
        </service>
package com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.service;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;

import com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.IMyAidlInterface;

/**
 * Created by shanghai on 2018/4/10.
 */

public class ProvideService extends Service{
    private static final String TAG="ProvideService";
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        System.out.println(TAG+"onBind");
        return new MyBinder();
    }

    private class MyBinder extends IMyAidlInterface.Stub{

        @Override
        public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) throws RemoteException {

        }

        @Override
        public boolean forwardPayMoney(float money) throws RemoteException {
            System.out.println(TAG+"public boolean forwardPayMoney(float money) throws RemoteException");
            return false;
        }
    }
}

把main目录下的aidl包拷贝到在另外一个app中的main目录下build项目
在activity中bindservice调用service中的方法

package com.github.zackratos.rvitemam;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

import com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.IMyAidlInterface;

public class TestAidlActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

  private View btn_bind;
  private View btn_invoke;

  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.activity_test_aidl);
      btn_bind = findViewById(R.id.btn_bind);
      btn_invoke = findViewById(R.id.btn_invoke);

      btn_bind.setOnClickListener(v->{
          System.out.println("TestAidlActivity--btn_bind");
          bindservice();
      });
      btn_invoke.setOnClickListener(v -> {
          System.out.println("TestAidlActivity--btn_invoke");
          try {
              boolean b = mIService.forwardPayMoney(0.1f);
              System.out.println("TestAidlActivity-forwarpay="+b);
          } catch (RemoteException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      });
  }
  /**
   * 绑定远程服务
   */
  public void bindservice() {
      Intent mIntent = new Intent();
      mIntent.setAction("com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.action.AIDL");
      mIntent.setPackage("com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication");//需要指定提供服务的程序包名
      MyConnection myConnection = new MyConnection();
      bindService(mIntent, myConnection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

  }

  private IMyAidlInterface mIService;

  class MyConnection implements ServiceConnection {
      @Override
      public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
          mIService = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
      }

      @Override
      public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

      }
  }


}

4Messenger

不需要创建aidl文件
service隐士启动

<service
          android:name=".service.MyService"
          android:enabled="true"
          android:exported="true"
          android:process=":remote">
          <intent-filter>
              <action android:name="com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.service.MyService"></action>
          </intent-filter>
      </service>
package com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.service;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v4.app.INotificationSideChannel;
import android.util.Log;

/**
* 与客户端跨进程通信
*/
public class MyService extends Service {
  /** Command to the service to display a message */
  public static final int MSG_SAY_HELLO = 1;
  private static final String TAG ="wzj" ;

  /* 用于接收从客户端传递过来的数据 */
  class IncomingHandler extends Handler {
      @Override
      public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
          switch (msg.what) {
              case MSG_SAY_HELLO:
                  System.out.println("thanks,Service had receiver message from client!");
                  Messenger client=msg.replyTo;
                  Message replyMsg=Message.obtain(null,MyService.MSG_SAY_HELLO);
                  Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
                  bundle.putString("reply","ok~,I had receiver message from you! ");
                  replyMsg.setData(bundle);
                  try {
                      client.send(replyMsg);
                  } catch (RemoteException e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
                  break;
              default:
                  super.handleMessage(msg);
          }
      }
  }

  /* 创建Messenger并传入Handler实例对象 */
  final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());

  /* 当绑定Service时,该方法被调用,将通过mMessenger返回一个实现IBinder接口的实例对象 */
  @Override
  public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
      System.out.println("Service is invoke onBind");
      return mMessenger.getBinder();
  }


}

activity
package com.github.zackratos.rvitemam;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
public class MessageActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  /* 与服务端交互的Messenger */
  Messenger mService = null;
  /**
   * Flag indicating whether we have called bind on the service.
   */
  boolean mBound;
  private View btn;
  private StringBuffer printMessage = new StringBuffer();
  private View send;
  private View unbind;
  private String SERVICE_ACTION="com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.service.MyService";
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
      setContentView(R.layout.activity_message);
      btn = findViewById(R.id.btn_bind);
      send = findViewById(R.id.btn_send);
      unbind = findViewById(R.id.btn_unbind);
      btn.setOnClickListener(v -> {
          System.out.println("onClick-->bindService");
          Intent mIntent = new Intent();
          mIntent.setAction("com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.service.MyService");
          mIntent.setPackage("com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication");//需要指定提供服务的程序包名
          bindService(mIntent, mConnection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
      });

      send.setOnClickListener(v -> {
          System.out.println("click"+"sayHello");
          sayHello();
      });


      unbind.setOnClickListener(v -> {
          if (mBound) {
              System.out.println("onClick-->unbindService");
              unbindService(mConnection);
              mBound = false;
          }
      });
  }

  /* 实现与服务端链接的对象ServiceConnection */
  private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
      public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
          System.out.println("onServiceConnected");
          /* 通过服务端传递的IBinder对象,创建相应的Messenger
           * 通过该Messenger对象与服务端进行交互 */
          mService = new Messenger(service);
          mBound = true;
      }

      public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
          // This is called when the connection with the service has been
          // unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
          mService = null;
          mBound = false;
      }
  };

  public void sayHello() {
      if (!mBound) return;
      System.out.println("sayHello");
      // 创建与服务交互的消息实体Message
      Message msg = Message.obtain();
      msg.what=1;
      msg.replyTo=mRecevierReplyMsg;
      try {
          //发送消息
          mService.send(msg);
      } catch (RemoteException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
      }

  }

  private static class ReceiverReplyMsgHandler extends Handler {
      private static final String TAG = "zj";

      @Override
      public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
          System.out.println("receiver message from service:");
          switch (msg.what) {
              //接收服务端回复
              case 1:
                  System.out.println("receiver message from service:" + msg.getData().getString("reply"));
                  break;
              default:
                  super.handleMessage(msg);
          }
      }


  }


  private Messenger mRecevierReplyMsg = new Messenger(new ReceiverReplyMsgHandler());
}

2跨进程通信之与service之间

（首先讲一下两种启动方式，Service以及service与activity交互）

startService():
1、启动服务对象多次启动同时只会产生一个，onCreate()方法只会在Service第一次被创建的时候调用，多次点击启动会执行多次onStartCommand()方法，onDestroy()方法只会在Service第一次被停止的时候调用，多次点击停止不会报异常，也不再执行onDestroy()方法。
2、一旦启动，Service将一直运行在后台（run in the background indefinitely）即便启动Service的组件已被destroy。
3、停止一个started服务有两种方法：
（1）在外部使用stopService()手动停止。
（2）在服务内部(onStartCommand方法内部)使用stopSelf()方法，使服务执行完毕后自动停止。比如说，一个start的Service执行在后台下载或上传一个文件的操作，完成之后，Service应自己停止。

bindService()
仅当与另一个应用组件绑定时，绑定服务才会运行。多个组件可以同时绑定到该服务，但全部取消绑定后，该服务即会被销毁。（通过 unbindService()方法来关闭这种连接）

service与activity交互

（1）startService可以通过intent传递
（2）bindservice（）如果我们的服务仅供本地应用使用，不需要跨进程工作，则可以实现自有 Binder 类，让客户端通过该类直接访问服务中的公共方法。其使用开发步骤如下
创建BindService服务端，继承自Service并在类中，创建一个实现IBinder 接口的实例对象并提供公共方法给客户端调用
从 onBind() 回调方法返回此 Binder 实例。
在客户端中，从 onServiceConnected() 回调方法接收 Binder，并使用提供的方法调用绑定服务。
注意：此方式只有在客户端和服务位于同一应用和进程内才有效，如对于需要将 Activity 绑定到在后台播放音乐的自有服务的音乐应用，此方式非常有效。另一点之所以要求服务和客户端必须在同一应用内，是为了便于客户端转换返回的对象和正确调用其 API。服务和客户端还必须在同一进程内，因为此方式不执行任何跨进程编组
（3）同一个进程eventbus也可
（4）service在独立的进程中采用Messenger进行传递，或者aidl下面讲一下Messenger的使用方法，aidl放在后面跨进程通信中讲解

package com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.service;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v4.app.INotificationSideChannel;
import android.util.Log;

/**
 * 与客户端跨进程通信
 */
public class MyService extends Service {
    /** Command to the service to display a message */
    public static final int MSG_SAY_HELLO = 1;
    private static final String TAG ="wzj" ;

    /* 用于接收从客户端传递过来的数据 */
    class IncomingHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MSG_SAY_HELLO:
                    System.out.println("thanks,Service had receiver message from client!");
                    Messenger client=msg.replyTo;
                    Message replyMsg=Message.obtain(null,MyService.MSG_SAY_HELLO);
                    Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
                    bundle.putString("reply","ok~,I had receiver message from you! ");
                    replyMsg.setData(bundle);
                    try {
                        client.send(replyMsg);
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    super.handleMessage(msg);
            }
        }
    }

    /* 创建Messenger并传入Handler实例对象 */
    final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());

    /* 当绑定Service时,该方法被调用,将通过mMessenger返回一个实现IBinder接口的实例对象 */
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        System.out.println("Service is invoke onBind");
        return mMessenger.getBinder();
    }


}
package com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Messenger;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;

import com.example.shanghai.daojishiapplication.service.MyService;

public class MessageActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    /* 与服务端交互的Messenger */
    Messenger mService = null;
    /**
     * Flag indicating whether we have called bind on the service.
     */
    boolean mBound;
    private View btn;
    private StringBuffer printMessage = new StringBuffer();
    private View send;
    private View unbind;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_message);
        btn = findViewById(R.id.btn_bind);
        send = findViewById(R.id.btn_send);
        unbind = findViewById(R.id.btn_unbind);
        btn.setOnClickListener(v -> {
            System.out.println("onClick-->bindService");
            //当前Activity绑定服务端
            bindService(new Intent(MessageActivity.this, MyService.class), mConnection,
                    Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        });

        send.setOnClickListener(v -> {
            sayHello();
        });


        unbind.setOnClickListener(v -> {
            if (mBound) {
                System.out.println("onClick-->unbindService");
                unbindService(mConnection);
                mBound = false;
            }
        });
    }

    /* 实现与服务端链接的对象ServiceConnection */
    private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
            /* 通过服务端传递的IBinder对象,创建相应的Messenger
             * 通过该Messenger对象与服务端进行交互 */
            mService = new Messenger(service);
            mBound = true;
        }

        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
            // This is called when the connection with the service has been
            // unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
            mService = null;
            mBound = false;
        }
    };

    public void sayHello() {
        if (!mBound) return;
        System.out.println("sayHello");
        // 创建与服务交互的消息实体Message
        Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MyService.MSG_SAY_HELLO, 0, 0);
        msg.replyTo=mRecevierReplyMsg;
        try {
            //发送消息
            mService.send(msg);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    private static class ReceiverReplyMsgHandler extends Handler {
        private static final String TAG = "zj";

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                //接收服务端回复
                case MyService.MSG_SAY_HELLO:
                    System.out.println("receiver message from service:" + msg.getData().getString("reply"));
                    break;
                default:
                    super.handleMessage(msg);
            }
        }


    }


    private Messenger mRecevierReplyMsg = new Messenger(new ReceiverReplyMsgHandler());
}
清单文件中配置
 <service
            android:name=".service.MyService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"
            android:process=":remote" />

intentservice解决servcie不能执行耗时操作这一问题，service保活可以
将service设置为前台服务，或者设置两个服务相互监听，在ondestory中发送广播
在另外一个服务中接收到广播再start服务

关于service更多使用方法信息参考（https://www.jianshu.com/p/086869a2f0ac）

一些跨进程通信包括不同应用之间和同一应用不同进程之间

跨进程之不通应用之间

4Messenger

2跨进程通信之与service之间

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