一、前言
本次实验的目的：
(1) LNMP动静分离部署wordpress，动静都要能实现负载均衡，要注意会话的问题；
(2) 在haproxy和后端主机之间添加varnish进行缓存；
(3) haproxy的设定要求：
(a) stats page，要求仅能通过本地访问使用管理接口；
(b) 动静分离；
(c) 压缩合适的内容类型；
4）最后添加一tomcat服务器，实现动静分离处理jsp动态请求。（补充）
部署拓扑图
二、LNMP环境搭建
1、配置nginx-dynamic
#安装nginx和php-fpm服务
[root@dynamic ~]# yum install -y epel-release
[root@dynamic ~]# yum install -y nginx php-fpm php-mysql php-mbstring php-mcrypt
#创建nginx web根目录
[root@dynamic ~]# mkdir -pv /data/nginx/html
#下载wordpress到指定目录并解压
[root@dynamic html]# cd /data/nginx/html/
[root@dynamic html]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@dynamic html]# tar xf wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
#创建php动态测试页面
[root@dynamic html]# vim test.php
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP 测试</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo '<p>Hello World</p>'; ?>
</body>
</html>
#创建web根目录的默认html和php页面
[root@dynamic html]# vim index.html
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
[root@dynamic html]# vim index.php
<h1>Dynamic</h1>
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
#编辑配置/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf文件
[root@dynamic html]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
listen = 0.0.0.0:9000
user = apache
group = apache
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
ping.path = /ping
ping.response = pong
pm.status_path = /status
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log
php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php-fpm/www-error.log
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
php_value[session.save_handler] = files
php_value[session.save_path] = /var/lib/php/session
#创建php-fpm的session目录
[root@dynamic html]# mkdir /var/lib/php/session
[root@dynamic html]# chown apache /var/lib/php/session/
#编辑创建nginx的配置文件
#注意在/etc/nginx/nginx.conf文件中注释下述两个默认配置
# listen 80 default_server;
# listen [::]:80 default_server;
[root@dynamic html]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/dynamic.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.ilinux.io;
root /data/nginx/html;
index index.html index.php;
location ~* \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
}
location ~* ^/(ping|status)$ {
fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
#启动nginx和php-fpm服务并调整firewalld和selinux状态
[root@dynamic html]# systemctl start php-fpm
[root@dynamic html]# systemctl start nginx
[root@dynamic html]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@dynamic html]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@dynamic html]# setenforce 0
2、配置nginx-static
#安装nginx服务和mariadb-server
[root@static ~]# yum install -y epel-release mariadb-server
#配置创建wordpress数据库
[root@static ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@static ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on wordrpess.* to 'wpuser'@'192.168.0.%' identified by "magedu";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#创建nginx web根目录
[root@static ~]# mkdir -pv /data/nginx/htm
#下载wordpress到指定目录并解压
[root@static html]# cd /data/nginx/html/
[root@static html]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@static html]# tar xf wordpress-4.9.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
#创建txt文本和复制相关的图片内容到web根目录下作为静态内容
[root@dynamic html]# cp /usr/share/backgrounds/*.{png,jpg} .
[root@static html]# vim poem.txt
Quiet Night
I saw the moonlight before my couch,
And wondered if it were not the frost on the ground.
I raised my head and looked out on the mountain moon,
I bowed my head and thought of my far-off home.
by S. Obata
#配置创建web根目录的默认html和php页面
[root@static html]# vim index.html
<h1>This is static</h1>
[root@static html]# vim index.php
<h1>Static</h1>
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
#编辑创建nginx的配置文件
[root@static html]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/static.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.ilinux.io;
root /data/nginx/html;
index index.html index.php;
location ~* \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
}
location ~* ^/(ping|status)$ {
fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
#启动nginx服务并检查firewalld和selinux的状态
[root@static html]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@static html]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@static html]# setenforce 0
[root@static html]# systemctl start nginx
3、配置varnish
#安装varnish服务
[root@static ~]# yum install -y epel-release
[root@static ~]# yum install -y varnish
#配置varnish的监听信息和系统参数
[root@static ~]# vim /etc/varnish/varnish.params
RELOAD_VCL=1
VARNISH_VCL_CONF=/etc/varnish/default.vcl
VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT=6081
VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_ADDRESS=192.168.0.87
VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_PORT=6082
VARNISH_SECRET_FILE=/etc/varnish/secret
VARNISH_STORAGE="file,/data/cache/varnish_storage.bin,1G"
VARNISH_USER=varnish
VARNISH_GROUP=varnish
#创建缓存目录
[root@static ~]# mkdir -pv /data/cache
[root@static ~]# chown varnish /data/cache
#编辑配置varnish的vcl
[root@static ~]# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
import directors;
probe static_healthcheck {
.url = "/index.html";
.window = 5;
.threshold = 4;
.interval =2s;
.timeout = 1s;
}
backend static {
.host = "192.168.0.84";
.port = "80";
.probe = static_healthcheck;
}
sub vcl_init {
new BE = directors.round_robin();
BE.add_backend(static);
}
acl purgers {
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.0.0/24";
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.method == "GET" && req.http.cookie) {
return(hash);
}
if (req.method == "PURGE") {
if (client.ip ~ purgers) {
return(purge);
}
}
if (req.http.X-Forward-For) {
set req.http.X-Forward-For = req.http.X-Forward-For + "," + client.ip;
} else {
set req.http.X-Forward-For = client.ip;
}
set req.backend_hint = BE.backend();
return(hash);
}
sub vcl_backend_response {
if (bereq.url ~ "\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$") {
set beresp.ttl = 1d;
}
if (bereq.url ~ "\.(html|css|js|txt)$") {
set beresp.ttl = 12h;
}
if (beresp.http.Set-Cookie) {
set beresp.grace = 30m;
return(deliver);
}
}
sub vcl_deliver {
if (obj.hits > 0) {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT from " + server.ip;
} else {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS";
}
}
#启动varnish服务并调整firewalld和selinux状态
[root@static ~]# systemctl start varnish
[root@static ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@static ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@static ~]# setenforce 0
二、HAProxy的搭建和配置
配置完后端的LNMP环境后，接着我们来配置HAproxy。
#安装haproxy服务
[root@haproxy ~]# yum install -y haproxy
#配置HAProxy记录日志到本地
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun 514
local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-r"
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl restart rsyslog
#编辑配置haproxy的配置文件
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend main *:80
acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js .txt
acl url_dynamic path_end -i .php
compression algo gzip #设置压缩算法为gzip
compression type text/html text/plain image/x-png image/x-citrix-jpeg #设置压缩的内容类型为相关静态内容
use_backend static if url_static
use_backend dynamic if url_dynamic
default_backend websrvs
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
server web1 192.168.0.83:80 check
server web2 192.168.0.87:6081 check
backend static #添加varnish为静态服务，由varnish将代理处理静态请求
balance roundrobin
server srvs1 192.168.0.87:6081 check
backend dynamic
balance roundrobin
server dyn1 192.168.0.83:80 check
listen stats
bind *:8080
stats enable
stats uri /admin?stats
acl url_stats src 192.168.0.0/24 #配置ACL匹配本地网段
stats admin if url_stats #只允许匹配ACL的本地网段访问stats的管理页面
#启动haproxy服务
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl start haproxy
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@haproxy ~]# setenforce 0
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
三、测试
-
1）LNMP动静分离部署wordpress，动静都要能实现负载均衡，要注意会话的问题。
此时访问以.php的结尾的内容会被haproxy负载到dynamic服务器上处理，而访问.jpg，.png和.txt等静态内容则被负载到static服务器上进行处理。
访问wordpress页面1
访问wordpress页面2
由上图所示访问wordpres页面的动态和静态内容已被分开处理，静态内容代理到varnish上进行处理，而动态内容则代理到dynamic服务器进行处理。
此时访问http://192.168.0.81 默认会轮询到后端两个服务器上，如下所示：
[root@client ~]# for i in {1..10} ; do curl http://192.168.0.81 ; done
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
<h1>This is static</h1>
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
<h1>This is static</h1>
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
<h1>This is static</h1>
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
<h1>This is static</h1>
<h1>This is dynamic</h1>
<h1>This is static</h1>
但有些时候需要确保我们用户每次访问的都是同一个服务器，此时我们就需要配置会话保持。haproxy自身提供了会话保持机制，我们可以在haproxy配置里添加基于cookie来做的会话保持，从而实现用户每次访问的都是同一个服务器，如下所示：
backend websrvs
balance roundrobin
cookie WEBSRV insert nocache indirect
server web1 192.168.0.83:80 check cookie web1
server web2 192.168.0.87:6081 check cookie web2
重启haproxy后，用户通过web访问都会被调度到同一个后端服务器。
基于cookie的haproxy会话保持
其原理在于，haproxy会把客户端第一次的请求由哪个后端服务器处理，使用cookie告知给客户端。然后客户端之后的发送的请求都会带有此后端服务器的cookie，然后haproxy通过读取这个cookie的信息来判断连接请求该调度给哪个后端服务器。
-
2）在haproxy和后端主机之间添加varnish进行缓存
从此前的截图上，我们已经能看到，相关的静态内容已经被varnish缓存所“HIT”中了，这说明我们缓存已经生效了。
静态内容缓存状态
-
3）压缩合适的内容类型和设置stats page仅能通过本地访问使用管理接口。
因为我们在haproxy的配置中设置了对相关静态内容进行压缩，所以访问相关静态内容时，如果响应报文带有相关的压缩字段，说明压缩已经成功，如：
相关内容已压缩成功
此时访问stats页面，因为访问主机是本地网络，所以能够下图红框中的管理操作。如果不是指定的本地网段，则只能查看相关的stats状态，而无法进行管理操作。
stats页面
四、动静分离jsp动态内容（补充）
部署拓扑图
在dynamic服务上部署一个tomcat服务，haproxy上将jsp相关动态内容负载均衡到dynamic服务器的nginx服务监控的Ip和端口上，然后通过本机的nginx服务将jsp动态内容调度到tomcat上进行处理。
1、在dynamic服务器上安装tomcat
#事先下载相应的jdk源码包放置在/usr/local/src目录下，用于编译安装
#编译安装jdk服务
[root@dynamic ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@dynamic src]# tar xf jdk-10.0.1_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
[root@dynamic src]# ln -sv /usr/local/src/jdk-10.0.1 /usr/local/jdk
‘/usr/local/jdk’ -> ‘/usr/local/src/jdk-10.0.1’
[root@dynamic src]# vim /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
[root@dynamic src]# source /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
[root@dynamic src]# java -version
java version "10.0.1" 2018-04-17
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.3 (build 10.0.1+10)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.3 (build 10.0.1+10, mixed mode)
#yum安装tomcat服务
[root@dynamic src]# yum install -y tomcat tomcat-webapps tomcat-admin-webapps tomcat-docs-webapp tomcat-lib
#配置开启tomcat的管理页面
[root@dynamic src]# vim /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml
<role rolename="admin-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<user username="admin" password="magedu" roles="admin-gui,manager-gui"/>
#手动添加一个java测试页面
[root@dynamic src]# mkdir -pv /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest/{classes,lib,WEB-INF}
mkdir: created directory ‘/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest’
mkdir: created directory ‘/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest/classes’
mkdir: created directory ‘/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest/lib’
mkdir: created directory ‘/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest/WEB-INF’
[root@dynamic src]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/javatest/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="red">TomcatA.magedu.com</font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("magedu.com","magedu.com"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
#配置编辑tomcat的serve.xml文件
[root@dynamic src]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml
<Host name="192.168.0.83" appBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/" #定义javatest访问路径
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
#启动tomcat服务
[root@dynamic src]# systemctl start tomcat
#配置nginx服务将jsp动态内容代理到tomcat监听的端口
[root@dynamic src]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/dynamic.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.ilinux.io;
root /data/nginx/html;
index index.html index.php;
location ~* \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
}
location ~* ^/(ping|status)$ {
fastcgi_pass 192.168.0.83:9000;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $fastcgi_script_name;
}
location ~* /javatest\.* { #把java动态内容的URI路径代理至tomcat
proxy_pass http://192.168.0.83:8080;
}
location ~* \.(jsp|do)$ { #将以.jsp和.do的动态内容代理到tomcat进行处理
proxy_pass http://192.168.0.83:8080;
}
}
#重载nginx服务
[root@dynamic src]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@dynamic src]# nginx -s reload
2、修改haproxy负载代理jsp动态内容
#修改haproxy配置文件中的fontend配置段的内容
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
frontend main *:80
acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js .txt
acl url_dynamic path_end -i .php .jsp .do #在url_dynamic ACL中添加以.jsp,.do为后缀的动态内容
acl url_java path_beg -i /javatest #添加tomcat动态内容的路径
compression algo gzip
compression type text/css text/html text/plain image/x-png image/x-citrix-jpeg
use_backend static if url_static
use_backend dynamic if url_dynamic
use_backend dynamic if url_java
default_backend websrvs
#重启haproxy服务
[root@haproxy ~]# systemctl restart haproxy
能通过haproxy代理访问到tomcat服务
上述截图说明tomcat的jsp动态内容能够被haproxy正常负载调度到tomcat服务器上，而此时相应的静态内容依旧能正常访问。
依旧能正常访问静态内容
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