编程语言前面已经说过了，“软件工程”的概念是什么时候开始提出、人们开始有这个意识、需要这个抽象了呢？
The term software engineering originated in the early 1960s...
The conference reflected on the sad fact that many large software projects ran over budget or came in late, if at all.
本章中：
...we will explore two aspects of the way the software indus�try has addressed this crisis: the evolution of programming languages and the emergence of software engineering methodologies.
如何应对？
We will see how two major ideas provide the basis for modern software development: (1) struc�tured programming, in which the statements are organized in a specific way to minimize error; and (2) object-oriented software, which is organized around the objects the programmer wants to manipulate rather than the logic required to do individual operations.
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