一. 源码安装PostgreSQL12.5

主机环境：centos7.9.2009
主机地址：192.168.5.130

#安装包下载地址
https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v12.5/postgresql-12.5.tar.gz
#解压缩
tar -zxf postgresql-12.5.tar.gz
#安装依赖包
yum install  -y readline-devel
#编译
cd postgresql
./configure -prefix /usr/local/pgsql-12
make & make install # (执行时间5-10分钟)
#创建数据目录并授权
mkdir -p /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data  && chown -R postgres.  /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data 
#切换到postgres 账户并初始化
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql-12/bin/initdb -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data  --wal-segsize=64
#启动数据库，登录并修改密码
/usr/local/pgsql-12/bin/pg_ctl -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data -l logfile start
/usr/local/pgsql-12/bin/psql -p 54321
alter user postgres with password 'postgres';

#刷新配置文件
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql-12/bin/pg_ctl  reload -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data  ‘
#重启数据库
/usr/local/pgsql-12/bin/pg_ctl  restart -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data 

#postgres.conf
listen_addresses = '*'
port = 15435
max_connections = 100
huge_pages = try
dynamic_shared_memory_type = posix
wal_level = replica
max_wal_size = 1GB
min_wal_size = 320MB
archive_mode = on
archive_command = '/ /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/archive.sh %f %p'
max_wal_senders = 10
log_destination = 'csvlog'
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'log'           # directory where log files are written,
log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.csv'  #  'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'
log_truncate_on_rotation = on   
log_rotation_age = 7d       
log_rotation_size = 0       
log_min_duration_statement =20000
log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] '        # special values:
log_timezone = 'PRC'
datestyle = 'iso, ymd'
timezone = 'PRC'
lc_messages = 'en_US.UTF8' #  'zh_CN.UTF-8'
lc_monetary = 'en_US.UTF-8'         # locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'en_US.UTF-8'          # locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'en_US.UTF-8'             # locale for time formatting
default_text_search_config = 'pg_catalog.english'
#shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_stat_statements,pg_prometheus,timescaledb'  # (change requires restart)
track_io_timing=on
pg_stat_statements.max=10000
pg_stat_statements.track = all
pg_stat_statements.save=on

二. 源码安装PostgreSQL9.5

主机环境：centos7.9.2009
主机地址：192.168.5.132

下载地址：https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.5.25/postgresql-9.5.25.tar.gz
yum -y install readline-devel zlib*
groupadd postgres  && useradd -g postgres -m postgres
tar -zxf postgresql-9.5.25.tar.gz 
cd  postgresql
./configure -prefix=/usr/local/pgsql-9.5 
make & make install
mkdir -p /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data95  && chown -R postgres.  /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data95 
su - postgres
/usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/initdb  /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data2
/usr/local/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_ctl start -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data95/
/usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/psql -h 192.168.5.130  -p 5432 -U rep -d postgres

三. PG9.5数据迁移及升级到PG12.5

主库生成同步用户
su - postgres
/usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/psql -p 5432
create role repl with login replication password '123456m';
添加白名单 
vim /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data/pg_hba.conf
host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               md5
host    replication repl          0.0.0.0/0               trust

vim postgresql.conf
max_connections = 100 
max_wal_senders = 10 #(max_wal_senders < max_connections )
max_replication_slots = 5 
wal_level = logical
fsync = on 

/usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_ctl  restart -D /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data

新建一台pg9.5实例 （源码安装）

- 在新主机上 备份数据库
/usr/local/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_basebackup -h 192.168.5.130 -p 5432 -U repl -F p -P -X f -R -D  /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data2
/usr/local/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_ctl start -D  /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data2 
/usr/local/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_controldata -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data2
#Database cluster state:               in archive recovery

主库上执行：
/usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_controldata -D /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data
#数据库簇状态:                         在运行中
postgres=# select * from pg_stat_replication;
#  select pg_wal_lsn_diff(pg_current_wal_lsn (),replay_lsn) from pg_stat_replication; #9.5上无效查询语句

备库执行：将状态改为生产
/usr/local/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_ctl promote -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data2
/usr/local/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_controldata -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data2

#复制配置文件
scp 192.168.5.130:/var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data/pg_hba.conf /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/
scp 192.168.5.130:/var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data/postgresql.conf /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/
#关闭备库
/usr/local/pgsql-9.5/bin/pg_ctl stop -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data2
#升级 
/usr/local/pgsql-12/bin/pg_upgrade -b /usr/local/pgsql-9.5/bin/ -B /usr/local/pgsql-12/bin/  -d /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data2 -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data -j 5 -r -k -c -p 5432 -P 15432
/usr/local/pgsql-12/bin/pg_ctl start -D /pgdata6a/pg_sjcszj/data


12 postgre.config 配置：

yum 安装 9.5

sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
sudo yum install -y postgresql95-server

sudo /usr/pgsql-9.5/bin/postgresql95-setup initdb
sudo systemctl enable postgresql-9.5
sudo systemctl start postgresql-9.5

su - postgres
psql
ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';

yum安装12

Install the repository RPM:

sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

Install PostgreSQL:

sudo yum install -y postgresql12-server

Optionally initialize the database and enable automatic start:

sudo /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb
sudo systemctl enable postgresql-12

修改端口：
vim /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data/postgresql.conf
port = 15432
sudo systemctl start postgresql-12
su - postgres
psql --port=15432
ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';

开通原创访问：

新增：
vim /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data/pg_hba.conf
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5

修改：
vim /var/lib/pgsql/9.5/data/postgresql.conf
listen_addresses='*'