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C++ 实现一个简易的内存池

C++ 实现一个简易的内存池

作者: 爱秋刀鱼的猫 | 来源:发表于2018-04-21 20:46 被阅读0次

    下面是一个简单的内存池思想的版本,实现的思想如下:

    1. 通过维护一个freeNodeHeader链表。当要申请空间的时候,就从链表上面摘下一个结点;要释放一个空间的时候,就从将释放的结点重新插入到链表里面。

    2. 每个结点的大小是提前通过template传入的,就是要分配的对象的大小。

    Q1 : 为什么要写一个内存池,默认的malloc不挺好的吗?
    A1 :new 和 delete 是一个成本比较高的操作,因为需要到堆上开辟和释放空间。如果可以提前开辟好一大块空间,然后,下次使用的时候,就不需要可以直接使用内存池里面的空间,而不是去调用new和delete。这样可以会更加高效。(使用线程池的目的也是这样的)

    Q2 : 自己设计的内存池会比malloc好吗?会不会是负优化?
    A2 : 这个问题,我也在思考。下面是我的思考(不一定是正确的答案)

    1. 自己设计内存池一定是基于一个特定的一个场景,如果在这个特定的场景下面,一个针对这个场景下设计出来的内存池也许会比默认的更好,但是如果这个场景是一个通用的场景,那我觉得默认的也许是更好的。
      就像使用STL一样,如果知道了里面存放的元素是int,然后知道了元素数量,知道了对元素常用的操作。那么完全可以设计出一个比STL更高效的函数。但是如果这是一个通用的,可以大范围被使用的场景,那么可能STL是平均下来最好的结果。

    2. 作为一个初学者,了解内存池的工作原理,可以更好的理解一门编程语言的内存分配机制。这对深入的学习非常有必要。我觉得还是应该学习学习的。哪怕你写的内存池是一个垃圾。

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    template<int ObjectSize, int NumofObjects = 20>   
    class MemPool {
    private:
        struct FreeNode {
            FreeNode* pNext;
            char data[ObjectSize];
        };
    
        FreeNode * freeNodeHeader;     //表示空闲链表
    public:
        MemPool() {
            //init freeNodeHeader
            this->freeNodeHeader = new FreeNode[NumofObjects];
            for (int i = 0; i < NumofObjects - 1; i++) {
                freeNodeHeader[i].pNext = &freeNodeHeader[i + 1];
            }
            freeNodeHeader[NumofObjects-1].pNext = NULL;
    
        }
    
        ~MemPool() {
            cout << " ~ 析构函数 " << endl;
            delete[] freeNodeHeader;
        }
    
        //函数的实现在下面
        void* malloc() {
            if (freeNodeHeader==NULL) {  //空间没有了
                //分配一段新的空间
                cout << "重新添加了空间" << endl;
                FreeNode * newfreeNodeHeader = new FreeNode[NumofObjects];
                for (int i = 0; i < NumofObjects - 1; i++) {
                    newfreeNodeHeader[i].pNext = &newfreeNodeHeader[i + 1];
                }
                newfreeNodeHeader[NumofObjects-1].pNext = NULL;   
                
                //于是又有了空间
                freeNodeHeader = newfreeNodeHeader;
            }
            cout << "分配一个空间" << endl;
            FreeNode * ret = freeNodeHeader;
            freeNodeHeader = freeNodeHeader->pNext;
            ret->pNext = NULL;
            return ret;
        }
    
        void free(void* p) {
            cout << "释放一个空间" << endl;
            FreeNode* pNode = (FreeNode*)p;
            pNode->pNext = freeNodeHeader;//将释放的节点插入空闲节点头部
            freeNodeHeader = pNode;
        }
    };
    
    //一个实例类,用来作为测试
    class ActualClass {
        static int count;
        int No;
    
    public:
        ActualClass() {
            No = count;
            count++;
        }
    
        void print() {
            cout << this << ": ";
            cout << "the " << No << " object" << endl;
        }
    
        void* operator new(size_t size);
        void operator delete(void* p);
    
    
        void* operator new[](size_t size);
        void operator delete[](void *p,size_t size);
    };
    
    MemPool<4, 5> mp;
    
    void* ActualClass::operator new(size_t size) {
        cout << "size " << size << endl;
        return mp.malloc();
    }
    
    void ActualClass::operator delete(void* p) {
        mp.free(p);
    }
    
    void* ActualClass::operator new[](size_t size) {
        cout << "size " << size << endl;
        cout << "自定义的内存池并不支持申请多个空间,所以调用默认的malloc" << endl;
        return malloc(size);
    }
    
    void ActualClass::operator delete[](void *p , size_t size)
    {
        cout << "调用默认的free" << endl;
        cout<<"delete [] size : "<<size<<endl;
        free(p);
    }
    
    int ActualClass::count = 0;
    
    
    
    int main()
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            ActualClass* p = new ActualClass;
            p->print();
        }
    
        ActualClass* p1 = NULL;
        p1 = new ActualClass;
        p1->print();
    
        ActualClass* p2 = new ActualClass;
        p2->print();
    
        delete(p1);
    
        ActualClass* p3 = new ActualClass;
        p3->print();
    
        //to-do
        //目前内存池只能分配固定大小的空间,
            //对于new[5] , 他申请内存的大小是 5*sizeof(ActualClass) + 4 
            // 但是实现的内存池只能分配固定大小,于是就使用malloc分配了
            ActualClass* p4 = new ActualClass[5];
        delete [] p4;
            //ActualClass* p5 = new ActualClass[5];
        //ActualClass* p6 = new ActualClass[5];
    
        system("pause");
        return 0;
    };
    

    分享另外一个版本:

    基本的实现是和上面的一个相同的:


    #include <iostream>
    #include <windows.h>
    
    using namespace std;
    
    #include "MemoryPool.h"
    #include "MTMemoryPool.h"
    
    class CTest
    {
    public:
        int m_n;
        int m_n1;
    
        void* operator new(size_t size)
        {
            void* p = s_pool->Alloc(size);
            return p;
        }
    
        void operator delete(void* p, size_t size)
        {
            s_pool->Free(p);
        }
    
        static void NewPool()
        {
            s_pool = new CMemoryPool<CTest>;
            //s_pool = new CMTMemoryPool<CMemoryPool<CTest>, CCriticalSection>;
        }
    
        static void DeletePool()
        {
            delete s_pool;
            s_pool = NULL;
        }
    
        static CMemoryPool<CTest>* s_pool;
        //static CMTMemoryPool<CMemoryPool<CTest>, CCriticalSection>* s_pool;
    };
    
    CMemoryPool<CTest>* CTest::s_pool = NULL;
    //CMTMemoryPool<CMemoryPool<CTest>, CCriticalSection>* CTest::s_pool = NULL;
    
    void testFun()
    {
        int i;
        const int nLoop = 10;
        const int nCount = 10000;
    
        for (int j = 0; j<nLoop; ++j)
        {
            typedef CTest* LPTest;
            LPTest arData[nCount];
            for (i = 0; i <nCount; ++i)
            {
                arData[i] = new CTest;
            }
    
            for (i = 0; i <nCount; ++i)
            {
                delete arData[i];
            }
        }
    }
    
    int main(int argc, char* argv[])
    {
        {
            unsigned int dwStartTickCount = GetTickCount();
    
            CTest::NewPool();
    
            testFun();
    
            CTest::DeletePool();
    
            cout << "total cost" << GetTickCount() - dwStartTickCount << endl;
        }
    
    
        system("pause");
    
        return 0;
        
    }
    
    //http://www.cppblog.com/weiym/archive/2012/05/05/173785.html
    

    Memory.h

    template<typename T>   //这里的T指的是 : CTest类
    class CMemoryPool
    {
    private:
        CMemoryPool<T>* m_pFreeList;
    
    public:
        enum { EXPANSION_SIZE = 32 };
    
        CMemoryPool(unsigned int nItemCount = EXPANSION_SIZE)
        {
            ExpandFreeList(nItemCount);
        }
    
        ~CMemoryPool()
        {
            //free all memory in the list
            CMemoryPool<T>* pNext = NULL;
            for (pNext = m_pFreeList; pNext != NULL; pNext = m_pFreeList)
            {
                m_pFreeList = m_pFreeList->m_pFreeList;
                delete[](char*)pNext;
            }
        }
    
        void* Alloc(unsigned int /*size*/)
        {
            if (m_pFreeList == NULL)
            {
                ExpandFreeList();
            }
    
            //get free memory from head
            CMemoryPool<T>* pHead = m_pFreeList;
            m_pFreeList = m_pFreeList->m_pFreeList;
            return pHead;
        }
    
        void Free(void* p)
        {
            //push the free memory back to list
            CMemoryPool<T>* pHead = static_cast<CMemoryPool<T>*>(p);
            pHead->m_pFreeList = m_pFreeList;
            m_pFreeList = pHead;
        }
    
    protected:
        //allocate memory and push to the list
        void ExpandFreeList(unsigned nItemCount = EXPANSION_SIZE)
        {
            unsigned int nSize = sizeof(T) > sizeof(CMemoryPool<T>*) ? sizeof(T) : sizeof(CMemoryPool<T>*);     //取大的
    
            //申请一段空间
            CMemoryPool<T>* pLastItem = static_cast<CMemoryPool<T>*>(static_cast<void*>(new char[nSize]));
            m_pFreeList = pLastItem;
    
            for (int i = 0; i<nItemCount - 1; ++i)
            {
                pLastItem->m_pFreeList = static_cast<CMemoryPool<T>*>(static_cast<void*>(new char[nSize]));
                pLastItem = pLastItem->m_pFreeList;
            }
    
            pLastItem->m_pFreeList = NULL;
        }
    };
    

    MTMemoryPool.h (加锁的版本)

    #pragma once
    class CCriticalSection
    {
    public:
        CCriticalSection()
        {
            InitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs);
        }
    
        ~CCriticalSection()
        {
            DeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs);
        }
    
        void Lock()
        {
            EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs);
        }
    
        void Unlock()
        {
            LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs);
        }
    
    protected:
        CRITICAL_SECTION m_cs;
    };
    
    template<typename POOLTYPE, typename LOCKTYPE>
    class CMTMemoryPool
    {
    public:
        void* Alloc(unsigned int size)
        {
            void* p = NULL;
            m_lock.Lock();
            p = m_pool.Alloc(size);
            m_lock.Unlock();
    
            return p;
        }
    
        void Free(void* p)
        {
            m_lock.Lock();
            m_pool.Free(p);
            m_lock.Unlock();
        }
    
    private:
        POOLTYPE m_pool;
        LOCKTYPE m_lock;
    };
    

    read more :
    深入探究C++的new/delete操作符:
    https://kelvinh.github.io/blog/2014/04/19/research-on-operator-new-and-delete/

    C++ 实现高性能内存池 :
    https://blog.csdn.net/xjtuse2014/article/details/52302083

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