下面是一个简单的内存池思想的版本,实现的思想如下:
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通过维护一个freeNodeHeader链表。当要申请空间的时候,就从链表上面摘下一个结点;要释放一个空间的时候,就从将释放的结点重新插入到链表里面。
-
每个结点的大小是提前通过template传入的,就是要分配的对象的大小。
Q1 : 为什么要写一个内存池,默认的malloc不挺好的吗?
A1 :new 和 delete 是一个成本比较高的操作,因为需要到堆上开辟和释放空间。如果可以提前开辟好一大块空间,然后,下次使用的时候,就不需要可以直接使用内存池里面的空间,而不是去调用new和delete。这样可以会更加高效。(使用线程池的目的也是这样的)
Q2 : 自己设计的内存池会比malloc好吗?会不会是负优化?
A2 : 这个问题,我也在思考。下面是我的思考(不一定是正确的答案)
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自己设计内存池一定是基于一个特定的一个场景,如果在这个特定的场景下面,一个针对这个场景下设计出来的内存池也许会比默认的更好,但是如果这个场景是一个通用的场景,那我觉得默认的也许是更好的。
就像使用STL一样,如果知道了里面存放的元素是int,然后知道了元素数量,知道了对元素常用的操作。那么完全可以设计出一个比STL更高效的函数。但是如果这是一个通用的,可以大范围被使用的场景,那么可能STL是平均下来最好的结果。 -
作为一个初学者,了解内存池的工作原理,可以更好的理解一门编程语言的内存分配机制。这对深入的学习非常有必要。我觉得还是应该学习学习的。哪怕你写的内存池是一个垃圾。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<int ObjectSize, int NumofObjects = 20>
class MemPool {
private:
struct FreeNode {
FreeNode* pNext;
char data[ObjectSize];
};
FreeNode * freeNodeHeader; //表示空闲链表
public:
MemPool() {
//init freeNodeHeader
this->freeNodeHeader = new FreeNode[NumofObjects];
for (int i = 0; i < NumofObjects - 1; i++) {
freeNodeHeader[i].pNext = &freeNodeHeader[i + 1];
}
freeNodeHeader[NumofObjects-1].pNext = NULL;
}
~MemPool() {
cout << " ~ 析构函数 " << endl;
delete[] freeNodeHeader;
}
//函数的实现在下面
void* malloc() {
if (freeNodeHeader==NULL) { //空间没有了
//分配一段新的空间
cout << "重新添加了空间" << endl;
FreeNode * newfreeNodeHeader = new FreeNode[NumofObjects];
for (int i = 0; i < NumofObjects - 1; i++) {
newfreeNodeHeader[i].pNext = &newfreeNodeHeader[i + 1];
}
newfreeNodeHeader[NumofObjects-1].pNext = NULL;
//于是又有了空间
freeNodeHeader = newfreeNodeHeader;
}
cout << "分配一个空间" << endl;
FreeNode * ret = freeNodeHeader;
freeNodeHeader = freeNodeHeader->pNext;
ret->pNext = NULL;
return ret;
}
void free(void* p) {
cout << "释放一个空间" << endl;
FreeNode* pNode = (FreeNode*)p;
pNode->pNext = freeNodeHeader;//将释放的节点插入空闲节点头部
freeNodeHeader = pNode;
}
};
//一个实例类,用来作为测试
class ActualClass {
static int count;
int No;
public:
ActualClass() {
No = count;
count++;
}
void print() {
cout << this << ": ";
cout << "the " << No << " object" << endl;
}
void* operator new(size_t size);
void operator delete(void* p);
void* operator new[](size_t size);
void operator delete[](void *p,size_t size);
};
MemPool<4, 5> mp;
void* ActualClass::operator new(size_t size) {
cout << "size " << size << endl;
return mp.malloc();
}
void ActualClass::operator delete(void* p) {
mp.free(p);
}
void* ActualClass::operator new[](size_t size) {
cout << "size " << size << endl;
cout << "自定义的内存池并不支持申请多个空间,所以调用默认的malloc" << endl;
return malloc(size);
}
void ActualClass::operator delete[](void *p , size_t size)
{
cout << "调用默认的free" << endl;
cout<<"delete [] size : "<<size<<endl;
free(p);
}
int ActualClass::count = 0;
int main()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
ActualClass* p = new ActualClass;
p->print();
}
ActualClass* p1 = NULL;
p1 = new ActualClass;
p1->print();
ActualClass* p2 = new ActualClass;
p2->print();
delete(p1);
ActualClass* p3 = new ActualClass;
p3->print();
//to-do
//目前内存池只能分配固定大小的空间,
//对于new[5] , 他申请内存的大小是 5*sizeof(ActualClass) + 4
// 但是实现的内存池只能分配固定大小,于是就使用malloc分配了
ActualClass* p4 = new ActualClass[5];
delete [] p4;
//ActualClass* p5 = new ActualClass[5];
//ActualClass* p6 = new ActualClass[5];
system("pause");
return 0;
};
分享另外一个版本:
基本的实现是和上面的一个相同的:
#include <iostream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
#include "MemoryPool.h"
#include "MTMemoryPool.h"
class CTest
{
public:
int m_n;
int m_n1;
void* operator new(size_t size)
{
void* p = s_pool->Alloc(size);
return p;
}
void operator delete(void* p, size_t size)
{
s_pool->Free(p);
}
static void NewPool()
{
s_pool = new CMemoryPool<CTest>;
//s_pool = new CMTMemoryPool<CMemoryPool<CTest>, CCriticalSection>;
}
static void DeletePool()
{
delete s_pool;
s_pool = NULL;
}
static CMemoryPool<CTest>* s_pool;
//static CMTMemoryPool<CMemoryPool<CTest>, CCriticalSection>* s_pool;
};
CMemoryPool<CTest>* CTest::s_pool = NULL;
//CMTMemoryPool<CMemoryPool<CTest>, CCriticalSection>* CTest::s_pool = NULL;
void testFun()
{
int i;
const int nLoop = 10;
const int nCount = 10000;
for (int j = 0; j<nLoop; ++j)
{
typedef CTest* LPTest;
LPTest arData[nCount];
for (i = 0; i <nCount; ++i)
{
arData[i] = new CTest;
}
for (i = 0; i <nCount; ++i)
{
delete arData[i];
}
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
{
unsigned int dwStartTickCount = GetTickCount();
CTest::NewPool();
testFun();
CTest::DeletePool();
cout << "total cost" << GetTickCount() - dwStartTickCount << endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
//http://www.cppblog.com/weiym/archive/2012/05/05/173785.html
Memory.h
template<typename T> //这里的T指的是 : CTest类
class CMemoryPool
{
private:
CMemoryPool<T>* m_pFreeList;
public:
enum { EXPANSION_SIZE = 32 };
CMemoryPool(unsigned int nItemCount = EXPANSION_SIZE)
{
ExpandFreeList(nItemCount);
}
~CMemoryPool()
{
//free all memory in the list
CMemoryPool<T>* pNext = NULL;
for (pNext = m_pFreeList; pNext != NULL; pNext = m_pFreeList)
{
m_pFreeList = m_pFreeList->m_pFreeList;
delete[](char*)pNext;
}
}
void* Alloc(unsigned int /*size*/)
{
if (m_pFreeList == NULL)
{
ExpandFreeList();
}
//get free memory from head
CMemoryPool<T>* pHead = m_pFreeList;
m_pFreeList = m_pFreeList->m_pFreeList;
return pHead;
}
void Free(void* p)
{
//push the free memory back to list
CMemoryPool<T>* pHead = static_cast<CMemoryPool<T>*>(p);
pHead->m_pFreeList = m_pFreeList;
m_pFreeList = pHead;
}
protected:
//allocate memory and push to the list
void ExpandFreeList(unsigned nItemCount = EXPANSION_SIZE)
{
unsigned int nSize = sizeof(T) > sizeof(CMemoryPool<T>*) ? sizeof(T) : sizeof(CMemoryPool<T>*); //取大的
//申请一段空间
CMemoryPool<T>* pLastItem = static_cast<CMemoryPool<T>*>(static_cast<void*>(new char[nSize]));
m_pFreeList = pLastItem;
for (int i = 0; i<nItemCount - 1; ++i)
{
pLastItem->m_pFreeList = static_cast<CMemoryPool<T>*>(static_cast<void*>(new char[nSize]));
pLastItem = pLastItem->m_pFreeList;
}
pLastItem->m_pFreeList = NULL;
}
};
MTMemoryPool.h (加锁的版本)
#pragma once
class CCriticalSection
{
public:
CCriticalSection()
{
InitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs);
}
~CCriticalSection()
{
DeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs);
}
void Lock()
{
EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs);
}
void Unlock()
{
LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs);
}
protected:
CRITICAL_SECTION m_cs;
};
template<typename POOLTYPE, typename LOCKTYPE>
class CMTMemoryPool
{
public:
void* Alloc(unsigned int size)
{
void* p = NULL;
m_lock.Lock();
p = m_pool.Alloc(size);
m_lock.Unlock();
return p;
}
void Free(void* p)
{
m_lock.Lock();
m_pool.Free(p);
m_lock.Unlock();
}
private:
POOLTYPE m_pool;
LOCKTYPE m_lock;
};
read more :
深入探究C++的new/delete操作符:
https://kelvinh.github.io/blog/2014/04/19/research-on-operator-new-and-delete/
C++ 实现高性能内存池 :
https://blog.csdn.net/xjtuse2014/article/details/52302083
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