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前言
由于需要学习配置oracle goldengate(ogg),奈何没有oracle环境，所以想自己装一个oracle，搜了一下相关文档，跟着安装了一下，发现oracle安装比mysql安装麻烦多了，而且出现了很多博客上没有提到的错误，所以特此记录一下~
1、下载
下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html，我下载的是Oracle Database 11g Release 2
(11.2.0.1.0) Linux x86-64，注意File1和File2都要下载
2、为host添加映射
我的虚拟机之前已经配好
192.168.44.128 ambari.master.com
3、安装依赖
3.1 先安装pdksh
centos7没有相关安装包可用，可下载pdksh的rpm包
wget http://vault.centos.org/5.11/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
3.2 安装其他依赖
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
3.3 检查所有依赖是否安装完整
rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
其中中文系统"not installed" 可能需要替换成中文相关的
4、添加oracle用户组和用户
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle
查看oracle用户
id oracle
为oracle 用户设置密码
passwd oracle
5、优化系统内核
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
其中kernel.shmmax为内存的一半，比如内存为4G，则kernel.shmmax=210241024*1024=2147483648
使参数生效
sysctl -p
6、限制oracle用户的shell权限
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
vim /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
vim /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
7、创建oracle相关目录
mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /db/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir /db/app/oracle/inventory
mkdir /db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /db/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/inventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/inventory
8、配置oracle用户环境变量
su oracle
vim .bash_profile
umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ambari.master.com
export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
9、解压安装包
如果安装包在root用户下，现切换到root用户
su
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /db
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /db
然后执行
mkdir /db/etc/
cp /db/database/response/* /db/etc/
vim /db/etc/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ambari.master.com
ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
10、安装
先切换到oracle
su oracle
cd /db/database/
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /db/etc/response/db_install.rsp
image
可按他提示的查看日志，新增一个命令窗口，执行
tail -f /u01/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2018-05-04_11-48-18AM.log
安装成功：
image
根据提示，执行
su
sh /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
11配置静默监听
su oracle
netca /silent /responsefile /db/etc/netca.rsp
查看监听端口
netstat -tnulp | grep 1521
image
11、静默创建数据库
vim /db/etc/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/db/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "3277"
其中TOTALMEMORY 设置为总内存的80%（410240.8）
在root用户下执行(如果没有权限)
chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/etc/dbca.rsp
执行静默建库
dbca -silent -responseFile /db/etc/dbca.rsp
image
然后查看一下日志看看有没有报错
vim /db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log
如下
Copying database files
DBCA_PROGRESS : 1%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 3%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 11%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 18%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 26%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 37%
Creating and starting Oracle instance
DBCA_PROGRESS : 40%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 45%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 50%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 55%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 56%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 60%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 62%
Completing Database Creation
DBCA_PROGRESS : 66%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 70%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 73%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 85%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 96%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 100%
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
/db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:orcl
System Identifier(SID):orcl
查看oracle实例进程
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
root@ambari:~# ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle 3531 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle 3533 1 11 05:48 ? 00:00:12 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle 3537 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle 3539 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle 3541 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle 3543 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle 3545 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle 3547 1 16 05:48 ? 00:00:17 ora_mman_orcl
oracle 3549 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle 3551 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle 3553 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle 3555 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle 3557 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle 3559 1 1 05:48 ? 00:00:01 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle 3561 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle 3563 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle 3565 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle 3615 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle 4088 1 1 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle 4121 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle 4134 1 0 05:48 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl
查看监听状态
lsnrctl status
image
12、登录到oracle，测试
sqlplus / as sysdba
select status from v$instance;
这是发现oracle执行任何语句报错如图：
image
崩溃~
13、各种错误及解决
13.1 首先检查前面的步骤有没有错的
如果没有，则执行后面，一开始我发现前面日志异常，第一次装没有经验，试了几下干脆卸载重装。
13.2 ORACLE not available
先根据ORACLE not available上网查了一下，解决方法：startup
13.3 startup 报错
错误：
could not open parameter file '/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initORCL.ora'
13.4解决could not open parameter
执行以下命令即可（确保oracle用户对下面的文件夹有权限，前面已经执行过）
cp $ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.43201822553 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initORCL.ora
参考：Linux下无法启动oracle could not open parameter file 解决方法
继续startup,又报错：MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
13.5 解决 MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
root 用户下执行
mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=7g /dev/shm
参考：ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system报错解决
继续startup
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1720328192 bytes
Fixed Size 2214056 bytes
Variable Size 1006634840 bytes
Database Buffers 704643072 bytes
Redo Buffers 6836224 bytes
ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
如果执行查询会报错：database not mounted，因为上面已经报错ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
13.6 解决 cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
先关闭数据库
shutdown immediate
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
然后在root用户执行
fuser -k lkORCL
其中lkORCL 为自己设置oracle实例名的大写。
再执行fuser -u lkORCL没有任何输出即可
参考：ORA-01507: database not mounted （转）
这时再执行startup就可以了
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1720328192 bytes
Fixed Size 2214056 bytes
Variable Size 1006634840 bytes
Database Buffers 704643072 bytes
Redo Buffers 6836224 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL>
再执行其他查询语句测试一下即可
14、创建用户供远程连接
开放1521端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
create user bigdata identified by bigdata;
grant connect, resource to bigdata;
利用连接数据库的工具就可以远程连接oracle，如DBeaver,然后建表，插入几条记录，查询测试一下，具体方法不再赘述。
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