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vue 挂载到dom上发生了什么。

vue 挂载到dom上发生了什么。

作者: 臣以君纲 | 来源:发表于2019-01-19 19:29 被阅读4次

    vue 挂载到dom 元素后发生了什么

    前一篇文章分析了new vue() 初始化时所执行的操作,主要包括调用vue._init 执行一系列的初始化,包括生命周期,事件系统,beforeCreate和Created hook,在在这里发生,重点分析了 initState,即对我们常用到的data props computed 等等进行的初始化,最后,执行$mount 对dom进行了挂载,本篇文章将对挂载后所发生的事情进行进一步阐述,

    Vue.prototype.$mount = function (
      el?: string | Element,
      hydrating?: boolean
    ): Component {
      el = el && inBrowser ? query(el) : undefined
      return mountComponent(this, el, hydrating)
    }
    

    mount 的代码很简单,直接执行了moutComponent方法,

    export function mountComponent (
      vm: Component,
      el: ?Element,
      hydrating?: boolean
    ): Component {
      vm.$el = el
      if (!vm.$options.render) {
        vm.$options.render = createEmptyVNode
        if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
          /* istanbul ignore if */
          if ((vm.$options.template && vm.$options.template.charAt(0) !== '#') ||
            vm.$options.el || el) {
            warn(
              'You are using the runtime-only build of Vue where the template ' +
              'compiler is not available. Either pre-compile the templates into ' +
              'render functions, or use the compiler-included build.',
              vm
            )
          } else {
            warn(
              'Failed to mount component: template or render function not defined.',
              vm
            )
          }
        }
      }
      callHook(vm, 'beforeMount')
    
      let updateComponent
      /* istanbul ignore if */
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && config.performance && mark) {
        updateComponent = () => {
          const name = vm._name
          const id = vm._uid
          const startTag = `vue-perf-start:${id}`
          const endTag = `vue-perf-end:${id}`
    
          mark(startTag)
          const vnode = vm._render()
          mark(endTag)
          measure(`vue ${name} render`, startTag, endTag)
    
          mark(startTag)
          vm._update(vnode, hydrating)
          mark(endTag)
          measure(`vue ${name} patch`, startTag, endTag)
        }
      } else {
        updateComponent = () => {
          vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
        }
      }
    
      // we set this to vm._watcher inside the watcher's constructor
      // since the watcher's initial patch may call $forceUpdate (e.g. inside child
      // component's mounted hook), which relies on vm._watcher being already defined
      new Watcher(vm, updateComponent, noop, {
        before () {
          if (vm._isMounted && !vm._isDestroyed) {
            callHook(vm, 'beforeUpdate')
          }
        }
      }, true /* isRenderWatcher */)
      hydrating = false
    
      // manually mounted instance, call mounted on self
      // mounted is called for render-created child components in its inserted hook
      if (vm.$vnode == null) {
        vm._isMounted = true
        callHook(vm, 'mounted')
      }
      return vm
    }
    

    moutComponent 这里判断了render函数,正常开发过程中,对于dom的写法有很多种,可以直接写templete,也可以写render函数,也可以直接把dom写在挂载元素里面,但是在编译阶段(通常是通过webpack执行的),统统会把这些写法都编译成render函数,所以,最后执行的都是render函数,判断完render可以看到,beforeMount hook在这里执行,最后执行了new Watcher() 我们进入new Watcher

    export default class Watcher {
      vm: Component;
      expression: string;
      cb: Function;
      id: number;
      deep: boolean;
      user: boolean;
      lazy: boolean;
      sync: boolean;
      dirty: boolean;
      active: boolean;
      deps: Array<Dep>;
      newDeps: Array<Dep>;
      depIds: SimpleSet;
      newDepIds: SimpleSet;
      before: ?Function;
      getter: Function;
      value: any;
    
      constructor (
        vm: Component,
        expOrFn: string | Function,
        cb: Function,
        options?: ?Object,
        isRenderWatcher?: boolean
      ) {
        this.vm = vm
        if (isRenderWatcher) {
          vm._watcher = this
        }
        vm._watchers.push(this)
        // options
        if (options) {
          this.deep = !!options.deep
          this.user = !!options.user
          this.lazy = !!options.lazy
          this.sync = !!options.sync
          this.before = options.before
        } else {
          this.deep = this.user = this.lazy = this.sync = false
        }
        this.cb = cb
        this.id = ++uid // uid for batching
        this.active = true
        this.dirty = this.lazy // for lazy watchers
        this.deps = []
        this.newDeps = []
        this.depIds = new Set()
        this.newDepIds = new Set()
        this.expression = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production'
          ? expOrFn.toString()
          : ''
        // parse expression for getter
        if (typeof expOrFn === 'function') {
          this.getter = expOrFn
        } else {
          this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn)
          if (!this.getter) {
            this.getter = noop
            process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
              `Failed watching path: "${expOrFn}" ` +
              'Watcher only accepts simple dot-delimited paths. ' +
              'For full control, use a function instead.',
              vm
            )
          }
        }
        this.value = this.lazy
          ? undefined
          : this.get()
      }
    

    其他方法暂时不提,可以看到,但是我们也能大致猜到他在做些什么,这里只是截取了部分Watcher的构造方法,,重点是最后执行了this.get 而this.get则执行了this.getter,最后等于执行了Watcher构造方法中传入的第二个参数,也就是上一环节moutComponent中的updateComponent方法,updateComponent方法也是在moutComponent方法中定义

    updateComponent = () => {
        vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
      }
    

    这里先是执行编译而成的render方法,然后作为参数传到_update方法中执行,render方法执行后返回一个vnode 即Virtual dom,然后将这个Virtual dom作为参数传到update方法中,这里我们先介绍一下Virtual dom 然后在介绍最后执行挂载的update方法,
    render函数

    Vue.prototype._render = function (): VNode {
        const vm: Component = this
        const { render, _parentVnode } = vm.$options
    
        if (_parentVnode) {
          vm.$scopedSlots = normalizeScopedSlots(
            _parentVnode.data.scopedSlots,
            vm.$slots
          )
        }
    
        // set parent vnode. this allows render functions to have access
        // to the data on the placeholder node.
        vm.$vnode = _parentVnode
        // render self
        let vnode
        try {
          vnode = render.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement)
        } catch (e) {
          handleError(e, vm, `render`)
          // return error render result,
          // or previous vnode to prevent render error causing blank component
          /* istanbul ignore else */
          if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && vm.$options.renderError) {
            try {
              vnode = vm.$options.renderError.call(vm._renderProxy, vm.$createElement, e)
            } catch (e) {
              handleError(e, vm, `renderError`)
              vnode = vm._vnode
            }
          } else {
            vnode = vm._vnode
          }
        }
        // if the returned array contains only a single node, allow it
        if (Array.isArray(vnode) && vnode.length === 1) {
          vnode = vnode[0]
        }
        // return empty vnode in case the render function errored out
        if (!(vnode instanceof VNode)) {
          if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && Array.isArray(vnode)) {
            warn(
              'Multiple root nodes returned from render function. Render function ' +
              'should return a single root node.',
              vm
            )
          }
          vnode = createEmptyVNode()
        }
        // set parent
        vnode.parent = _parentVnode
        return vnode
      }
    

    根据flow 的类型定义,我们可以看到,_render函数最后返回一个vnode,
    _render主要代码 在第一个try catch中,vnode = render.call(vm._renderProxy,vm.$CREATRElement) ,第一个参数为当前上下文this 其实就是vm本身,第二个参数是实际执行的方法,当我们在手写render函数时,比如这样

      render:h=>{
            return h(
                  "div",
                   123
              )
          }
    

    这时候我们使用的h 就是传入的$createElement方法,然后我们来看一下createElement方法,在看creatElement之前,我们先简单介绍一下vdom,因为createElement返回的就是一个vdom,
    vdom其实就是真实dom对象的一个映射,主要包含标签名字tag 和在它下面的标签 children 还有一些属性的定义等等,当我们在进行dom改变时首先是数据的改变,数据的改变映射到 vdom中,然后改变vdom,改变vdom是对js数据层面的改变所以说代价很小,在这一过程中我们还可以进行针对性的优化,复用等,最后把优化后的改变部分通过dom操作操作到真实的dom上去,另外,通过vdom这层的定义我们不仅仅可以把vdom映射到web文档流上,甚至可以映射到app端的文档流,桌面应用的文档流多种,这里引用一下vue js作者对vdom的评价:Virtual DOM真正价值从来不是性能,而是它 1: 为函数式的ui编程方式打开了大门,2 :可以渲染到dom以外的backend 比如 ReactNative 。
    下面我们来继续介绍creatElement

    export function _createElement (
      context: Component,
      tag?: string | Class<Component> | Function | Object,
      data?: VNodeData,
      children?: any,
      normalizationType?: number
    ): VNode | Array<VNode> {
      if (isDef(data) && isDef((data: any).__ob__)) {
        process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
          `Avoid using observed data object as vnode data: ${JSON.stringify(data)}\n` +
          'Always create fresh vnode data objects in each render!',
          context
        )
        return createEmptyVNode()
      }
      // object syntax in v-bind
      if (isDef(data) && isDef(data.is)) {
        tag = data.is
      }
      if (!tag) {
        // in case of component :is set to falsy value
        return createEmptyVNode()
      }
      // warn against non-primitive key
      if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
        isDef(data) && isDef(data.key) && !isPrimitive(data.key)
      ) {
        if (!__WEEX__ || !('@binding' in data.key)) {
          warn(
            'Avoid using non-primitive value as key, ' +
            'use string/number value instead.',
            context
          )
        }
      }
      // support single function children as default scoped slot
      if (Array.isArray(children) &&
        typeof children[0] === 'function'
      ) {
        data = data || {}
        data.scopedSlots = { default: children[0] }
        children.length = 0
      }
      if (normalizationType === ALWAYS_NORMALIZE) {
        children = normalizeChildren(children)
      } else if (normalizationType === SIMPLE_NORMALIZE) {
        children = simpleNormalizeChildren(children)
      }
      let vnode, ns
      if (typeof tag === 'string') {
        let Ctor
        ns = (context.$vnode && context.$vnode.ns) || config.getTagNamespace(tag)
        if (config.isReservedTag(tag)) {
          // platform built-in elements
          vnode = new VNode(
            config.parsePlatformTagName(tag), data, children,
            undefined, undefined, context
          )
        } else if ((!data || !data.pre) && isDef(Ctor = resolveAsset(context.$options, 'components', tag))) {
          // component
          vnode = createComponent(Ctor, data, context, children, tag)
        } else {
          // unknown or unlisted namespaced elements
          // check at runtime because it may get assigned a namespace when its
          // parent normalizes children
          vnode = new VNode(
            tag, data, children,
            undefined, undefined, context
          )
        }
      } else {
        // direct component options / constructor
        vnode = createComponent(tag, data, context, children)
      }
      if (Array.isArray(vnode)) {
        return vnode
      } else if (isDef(vnode)) {
        if (isDef(ns)) applyNS(vnode, ns)
        if (isDef(data)) registerDeepBindings(data)
        return vnode
      } else {
        return createEmptyVNode()
      }
    }
    

    creatElement 最后结果时返回一个new VNode,并将craete时传入的参数,经过处理,传到VNode的初始化中,这里有几种情况,createEmptyVNode,没有传参数,或参数错误,会返回一个空的vnode,如果tag 时浏览器的标签如div h3 p等,会返回一个保留VNode,等等,最后,回到上面,vnode 创建完毕,_render会返回这个vnode,最后走回vm._update(),update 中,便是将vnode 通过dom操作插入到真正的文档流中,下一节我们聊聊update

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