亲密关系有6个来源
熟知: 双方要交换自己的偏好,自己感兴趣的了解到信息
关怀: 关心可以强化关系( 可以知道对方是知道,了解,甚至是欣赏自己的)
相互依赖:遇到事情我第一个想到你
相互关联: 我们不断融入对方生活
信任: 信任可以让彼此更佳包容
承诺: 建立信任的方式就是给予承诺
#建立亲密关系我们处于交流之中,慢慢渗入到生活的各个话题,了解对方的价值观念和认知能力,适当的关心可以强化亲密关系,增强对方对自己的好感。好感度倍增之后就很容易出现依赖感,我们跨越对方的心理防线之后,就要适时的满足对方的需要。这样的亲密关系使得彼此更佳深入对方生活,但是人很容易没有安全感,我们需要进行一定承诺,并且付诸于行动最终取得亲密伴侣的信任。
影响亲密关系的因素
个人经验不同
secure style of attachment 稳重的人会有正向的印象
ambivalent attachment 没有安全感的人不确定或者不可靠
avoidant atyle of attachment 很难建立亲密关系,无法取得信任
实验结果:安全感足的人在一起,安全感更足。矛盾风格的会变得焦虑(需要进行一定的取舍),疏离型的人可能会害怕失去,也可能会患得患失。
#没有安全感其实会传染,你不相信我,所以我不相信你,我们之间也没有不安全感,解决办法就是两个人可以在一些事情有约定,生气怎么样,冷战怎么样,利用XYZ 理论把问题讲清楚:今天有件事... 我因为谁的原因....情绪....,我的想法是....。
个人性格不同
性别不同,研究证明两性之间的差别很小,并不存在女人是水星,男人是金星的说法
个性不同影响不同的行为
extraversion 外向,且害羞的conscientiousness 独立的
agreeableness 合作的,相信别人,但是自私的,有敌意的neuroticism 担心,焦虑,愤怒
事实上,我们在看到某人5秒后就可以判断自己和对方是否可以发展其他关系。
The most fundamental assumption about interpersonal attraction is that we are attracted to others whose presence is rewarding to us (我们建立亲密关系只是因为我们在亲密关系中可以获得奖赏)
受到吸引的两种类型(获得奖赏)
Two different types of rewards influence attraction:
* noticeable direct rewards*
eg : they are witty and beautiful, we enjoy their pleasing characteristics. (人畜无害的脸,性格好,其他善意行为就都是加分)
* more subtle indirect benefits*(更多是深处性格魅力,认知能力,哲学根基)
Attraction does involve the perceived characteristics of the person who appeals to us, but it also depends on our individual needs, preferences, and desires, and on the situation in which we find ourselves. (天时地利人和还有你我)
如何真正的吸引到自己想要发展的亲密伴侣,就从吸引力的5个法则入手。
靠近: 近水楼台先得月,物理距离越近的人越可能建立亲密关系(靠的近就是方便‖ 距离就是成本)
物理吸引: 一见钟情就是看脸
相似性: 态度和价值 ‖ 个性
相异性: 你会成为我未来想成为的人,我可以为了未来的相似放弃现在的相似
障碍:爱而不得
接下来阐述这五个理论:
靠近原则
*Proximately is rewarding, distance is costly*
相似性
What Kind of Similarity?
First, there’s demographic similarity in age, sex, race, education, religion, and social class。
Then there’s similarity in attitudes and values.
Finally, partners may have similar personalities.
小结:Thus, because proximity often leads to familiarity, and familiarity leads to liking, frequent contact with someone not only makes interaction more convenient, but also may make that person more attractive
#靠的近所以我们有了接触,方便在关系中获得奖赏,没有距离成本,因为相似性我们的话题变多,接触频繁就容易产生好感,就使得对方在我们面前更具有吸引力。
引入两个新概念
*mate value,* 就是对方的外表吸引乘以对方对你的接受程度
*balance theory*。 人们更能接受去喜欢那些喜欢自己的人,对那些不喜欢的人就会不喜欢
we tend to like someone when we learn that he or she shares our dislike for someone else
相异性可能不相吸
Matching Is a Broad Process
Women don’t need to be as concerned about their partners’ youth because men normally retain their capacity for reproduction as long as they live(女性寻找伴侣需要在生产养育期间有能力照顾她们)
要这样的:prefer powerful, high-status men with resources ,女性还就爱找比自己年龄大的
当代女性有了自己的经济能力能cover一切,有能力照顾自己和孩子可以不再依靠男性的资源,女性寻找亲密伴侣可能会更加纯粹。
the more intelligent a woman is, the lower her desire is for wealth and status in a romantic partner .
Discovering Dissimilarities Can Take Time
According to Bernard Murstein’s (1987) stimulus-value-role theory,
(就是第一影印象只是会给你一些表面的相似的信息,年龄,爱好吃东西,,但是如果你要发掘他的为人处事,价值三观上的不同就需要花时间去了解)
Dissimilarity May Decrease over Time
我们在一起共享相同的观点,慢慢不同的观点观点会消失,最后彼此还是会趋同。
opposites don’t attract, but some opposites may gradually fade if a couple stays together for some other reason.
了解到的前提还是被外表吸引,不然后面剧情也不会发展。
The influence of time and experience is also apparent in fatal attractions
You May Be the Person I Want to Become*
我爱你不过你是我未来想成为的那个人。
The operation of similarity lies in our attraction to others who are the sorts of people we want to become.
The most appealing partners of all may be those who are similar to us in most dimensions but who *fit our attainable ideals in others
Complementarity(相异相吸的情况)
We like responses from others that help us reach our goals.
你能帮助我成长
two reliable form :two partners dominance and submission they want (我们是彼此的互补色)
* their partners to heed their advice;
* when people need help and advice, they want their partners to give it Effective, desirable complementarity can take time to develop.
(如果一方喜欢主导,那么另一方要调整跟随就好,如果另一方不喜欢管小事,另一方也要在需要的时候进行调整就去管理琐事)
personal growth and novel activities are both rewarding, so we like people with interests that are different from .
障碍: 爱而不得
Romeo and Juliet effect(青少年现象:越阻止两个人越反抗
The theory of psychological reactance states that when people lose their freedom of action or choice, they strive to regain that freedom.
the closing-time effect
* Another kind of barrier occurs every night when bars close and everybody has to go home. (门禁)
it appears to be another case of desired-but-forbidden fruit seeming especially sweet. (越要分离的时候难舍难分)
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