参考 https://www.iteye.com/blog/maosheng-2383391

1.在宿主系统下载所需要的jdk版本的gz文件

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html

2.复制gz文件到容器中的root的用户目录下

#sudo docker cp <path to jdk gz file>/jdk-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz <容器名称或者ID>:/root/

注意：docker cp 命令在 Docker 1.8 之前就有，在旧的版本中，docker cp 命令仅仅容许从容器拷贝文件到主机，在 Docker 1.8 ，Docker cp 命令能够从主机拷贝文件到容器。

在 Docker 1.8 之前的版本中，用-v挂载主机数据卷到容器内实现从主机拷贝文件到容器

在主机内执行：
#sudo docker run --name [CONTAINER] -v [IMGAGE_NAME]:{TAG}

以交互式模式从主机进入容器：
#sudo docker exec -it [CONTAINER] /bin/bash

在容器内执行：
#cp /path/to/sourcefile /path/to/destfile

3.进入容器

#sudo docker exec -it <容器名称或者ID> /bin/bash

4. 新建JAVA_HOME文件夹/usr/lib/jvm并将jdk解压到该路径

# cd ~ 
# cp jdk-8u201-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/lib/jvm/
# cd /usr/lib/jvm
# tar zxvf jdk-8u201-linux-x64.tar.gz
# chown root:root jdk1.8.0_201 -R 

5.安装vim（可选）

#apt-get update 
#apt-get install vim 

如果更新过程出现更新源在国外无法击中的问题，可更新apt源

# mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

批量执行以下脚本，将新的阿里云源写入apt配置文件

echo "deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse" >>  /etc/apt/sources.list

再次更新apt包索引
apt-get update
安装vim
apt-get install vim

6.设置环境变量

#vim ~/.bashrc 

添加以下内容到该文件：

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_201  
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre  
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib  
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH  

7.使得环境变量马上生效

#source ~/.bashrc

8.验证JDK版本

# java -version
java version "1.8.0_201"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_201-b09)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.201-b09, mixed mode)