一台内网linux主机需要部署python运行环境,linux主机是CentOS7,需要使用python3.6.4。
1、下载python、解压
python官网找到并下载python3.6.4版本的linux安装包Python-3.6.4.tgz。一开始通过winscp上传到linux主机上,解压该压缩文件,出现报错。
[root@localhost hhh]# tar -zxvf Python-3.6.4.tgz
……
gzip: stdin: invalid compressed data--format violated
tar: Child returned status 1
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
[root@localhost hhh]# ls
百度,最后发现是通过winscp上传的时候,文件传输模式是ascii,导致压缩包损坏,需要使用binary方式传输。找不到修改传输模式的地方,于是考虑使用lrzsz,增加参数-b,就是使用binary,如果使用参数-a,就是使用ascii模式;顺利完成文件传输并完成解压
[root@localhost hhh]# mkdir b
[root@localhost hhh]# cd b
[root@localhost b]# rz -b
[root@localhost b]# ls
Python-3.6.4.tgz
[root@localhost b]# ll
total 22180
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 22710891 Aug 5 05:40 Python-3.6.4.tgz
[root@localhost b]# tar -zxf Python-3.6.4.tgz
[root@localhost b]# ls
Python-3.6.4 Python-3.6.4.tgz
[root@localhost b]# cd Python-3.6.4/
[root@localhost Python-3.6.4]# ls
aclocal.m4 config.sub configure.ac Grammar install-sh LICENSE Makefile.pre.in Modules Parser PCbuild pyconfig.h.in README.rst Tools
config.guess configure Doc Include Lib Mac Misc Objects PC Programs Python setup.py
[root@localhost Python-3.6.4]#
2、安装python
安装过程比较顺利,按照以下命令执行即可
[root@localhost Python-3.6.4]# ./configure
[root@localhost Python-3.6.4]# make
[root@localhost Python-3.6.4]# sudo make install
[root@localhost Python-3.6.4]# python
python python2 python2.7 python2.7-config python2-config python3 python3.6 python3.6-config python3.6m python3.6m-config python3-config python-config
[root@localhost Python-3.6.4]# python3
Python 3.6.4 (default, Aug 5 2019, 06:16:42)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
3、安装zlib、setuptools、pip
安装python模块一般使用pip,安装pip需要先安装setuptools,下载setuptools-41.4.0.zip。
unzip setuptools-41.4.0.zip
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install
报错:RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module
下载zlib,http://117.128.6.10/cache/zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11/
./configure
make
make install
进入python3安装文件目录,重新编译安装python
./configure
make
make install
回到setuptools目录
python3 setup.py install
进入pip安装文件目录,安装pip
python setup.py install
4、安装模块
需要使用的模块有xlrd,上网站https://pypi.org/下载离线安装包,在该网站搜索xlrd,下载文件xlrd-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl,安装指令和过程如下:
[root@localhost b]# rz -b
[root@localhost b]# ls
Python-3.6.4 Python-3.6.4.tgz xlrd-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
[root@localhost b]# python3 -m pip install xlrd-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Processing ./xlrd-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: xlrd
Successfully installed xlrd-1.2.0
[root@localhost b]# python3
Python 3.6.4 (default, Aug 5 2019, 06:16:42)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import xlrd
>>>
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