一、Sqoop 介绍

Sqoop 是一款用于 hadoop 和关系型数据库之间数据导入导出的工具。可以通过 Sqoop 把数据从数据库（比如 mysql,oracle）导入到 hdfs 中；也可以把数据从 hdfs 中导出到关系型数据库中。

通过将 Sqoop 的操作命令转化为 Hadoop 的 MapReduce 作业（通常只涉及到 Map 任务）进行导入导出，即 Sqoop 生成的 Job 主要是并发运行 MapTask 实现数据并行传输以提升数据传送速度和效率，如果使用 Shell 脚本来实现多线程数据传送则存在很大的难度。

Sqoop2(Sqoop1.99.7)需要在 Hadoop 安装目录下的配置文件中设置代理，属于重量级嵌入安装，文中使用 Sqoop1(Sqoop1.4.7)。

二、Sqoop 安装

安装前提：

已经具备了Java和hadoop的环境。

下载安装包：

http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/sqoop/1.4.7/

解压：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n13" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); --select-text-font-color: #fff; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.71429em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218); position: relative !important; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1ch; padding-right: 1ch; width: inherit; color: rgb(31, 9, 9); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">sudo tar -zxv -f sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0.tar.gz
sudo mv sqoop-1.4.7.bin__hadoop-2.6.0 sqoop</pre>

配置环境变量：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="sh" cid="n15" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); --select-text-font-color: #fff; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.71429em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218); position: relative !important; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1ch; padding-right: 1ch; width: inherit; color: rgb(31, 9, 9); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">export SQOOP_HOME=/opt/sqoop
export PATH=SQOOP_HOME/bin</pre>

使配置生效：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n17" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); --select-text-font-color: #fff; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.71429em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218); position: relative !important; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1ch; padding-right: 1ch; width: inherit; color: rgb(31, 9, 9); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">source /etc/profile</pre>

上传 mysql 驱动至 Sqoop lib 下：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n19" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); --select-text-font-color: #fff; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.71429em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218); position: relative !important; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1ch; padding-right: 1ch; width: inherit; color: rgb(31, 9, 9); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.jar /opt/sqoop/lib/</pre>

修改 Sqoop 配置：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n21" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); --select-text-font-color: #fff; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.71429em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218); position: relative !important; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1ch; padding-right: 1ch; width: inherit; color: rgb(31, 9, 9); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">cd /opt/sqoop/conf/
cp sqoop-env-template.sh sqoop-env.sh
vim sqoop-env.sh</pre>

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="sh" cid="n22" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); --select-text-font-color: #fff; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.71429em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218); position: relative !important; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1ch; padding-right: 1ch; width: inherit; color: rgb(31, 9, 9); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#Set path to where bin/hadoop is available
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=/opt/hadoop
​

Set path to where hadoop-*-core.jar is available

export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/opt/hadoop
​

set the path to where bin/hbase is available

export HBASE_HOME=/opt/hbase
​

Set the path to where bin/hive is available

export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hive
​

Set the path for where zookeper config dir is

export ZOOCFGDIR=/opt/zookeeper/conf</pre>

注意：这里的 HADOOP_COMMON_HOME 和 HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME 配成一个就行了，因为现在安装的 hadoop 的开源的版本，但是在 hadoop 的商业版本中这两个配置是分别安装在不同的目录下的。

三、验证安装是否成功

执行 sqoop version，看到版本信息，即安装成功。

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n26" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); --select-text-font-color: #fff; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.71429em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218); position: relative !important; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1ch; padding-right: 1ch; width: inherit; color: rgb(31, 9, 9); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">INFO sqoop.Sqoop: Running Sqoop version: 1.4.7
Sqoop 1.4.7
git commit id 2328971411f57f0cb683dfb79d19d4d19d185dd8
Compiled by maugli on Thu Dec 21 15:59:58 STD 2017</pre>

四、测试

4.1、mysql 整个表导入 hdfs

运行下面的指令前确保 mysql 中存在 test db 和 mysql_input table。

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n30" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); --select-text-font-color: #fff; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.71429em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218); position: relative !important; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1ch; padding-right: 1ch; width: inherit; color: rgb(31, 9, 9); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">sqoop import
--connect jdbc:mysql://master:3306/test
--username root
--password xxx
--table mysql_input
--target-dir /user/sqoop/data_from_mysql</pre>

运行后有报错：

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n32" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); --select-text-font-color: #fff; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.71429em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218); position: relative !important; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1ch; padding-right: 1ch; width: inherit; color: rgb(31, 9, 9); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ERROR tool.ImportTool: Import failed: No primary key could be found for table mysql_input. Please specify one with --split-by or perform a sequential import with '-m 1'.</pre>

因为没有主键，又没有指定切分的列，Sqoop 不知道用多少个 map 进行数据同步，可以通过设置 split-by 和 -m 1来规避。

当-m 设置的值大于1时，split-by 必须设置字段。

4.2、mysql 表按查询条件导入 hdfs

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n36" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); --select-text-font-color: #fff; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.71429em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(218, 218, 218); position: relative !important; margin-bottom: 3em; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 1ch; padding-right: 1ch; width: inherit; color: rgb(31, 9, 9); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">sqoop import
--connect jdbc:mysql://master:3306/test
--username root
--password xxx
--query 'select * from mysql_input where size>1 and $CONDITIONS'
--target-dir /user/sqoop/data_from_mysql
-m 1</pre>