Science 101(terms and lexicon)

作者: 宣雄民 | 来源:发表于2021-07-12 05:42 被阅读0次

1. Universe

Hydrogen, Helium, all together form the atomic cloud
氢，氦，一起形成原子云

2. Stars 星系

milky way 银河系
one of the 500 known solar systems of the milky way galaxies.
银河系中500个已知太阳系中的一个
Swirling 打旋的，描述太阳系的形成状态
2 categories planets within our solar system
Terrestrial planets, consist of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, there is no ring system.
类地行星由水星、金星、地球和火星组成，没有环系统。
Jovian, on the other hand, is formed up with Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
另一方面，类木行星由木星、土星、天王星、海王星组成
Gas Giants (Jupiter, Saturn)
气态巨行星（木星、土星）
Ice Giants(Uranus, Neptune)
冰态巨行星（天王星，海王星）
asteroid belt 小行星带
ceres 谷神星
Kuiper Belt 柯伊伯带
在太阳系的最外圈一带
Pluto 冥王星
Oort Cloud 奥尔特云
Icy Debris 冰块，碎片
Where sunlight can not reach
太阳无法触及的地方

4.5 billion years ago
Burning gas 燃烧的气体
91% Hydrogen 氢气
8.9% Helium 氦气
0.1% Heavier Elements carbon, nitrogen
碳，氮等
Core
27,000,000 Fahrenheit 华氏27万度
Thermonuclear fusion 热核聚变
100 Earths Wide, can fit all 8 planets, and nearly 600 times
99.8% of all mass of the solar system, the rest of 0.2% is of mass of the other planets.
gravitational pull 引力
gravity, gravitation
Sun's Gravity
1. 8 planets
2. Dozens of Dwarf planets
3. 170 moons.
4. comets and asteroids 彗星和小行星
Magnetic field 磁场
sun spots 太阳斑
heliosphere 日光层
The Sun will demise one day, it is then ended up with a small star known as "white dwarf"
太阳总有一天会消亡，然后它最终会变成一颗被称为“白矮星”的小恒星
Sirius B 天狼星B 最近的已知白矮星
Stars like our Sunburn for about nine or 10 billion years. So our Sun is about halfway through its life. But don't worry. It still has about 5,000,000,000—five billion—years to go.
像我们的太阳这样的恒星燃烧了大约九或一百亿年。所以我们的太阳已经过了一半的生命。不过别担心。它还有大约 5,000,000,000——50 亿年的时间。
Red giant 红巨星

Smallest planet of our solar system
3000 mils size
It is formed up with similar structural layers as the Earth has.
它由与地球相似的结构层组成。
Core 核心
Mantle 地幔
Crust 地壳
Without Tectonic plates 没有构造板块
Mercury is shrinking
36 million miles to the Sun
exosphere 外层, it is consist of Oxygen, Sodium, Hydrogen, Helium, and Potassium
它由氧、钠、氢、氦和钾组成
800 F during daytime
290 F at night
88 days around the Sun, 100,000 MPH
Other orbiting days

The third closest planet to the Sun
The only planet that is known to harbor life.
已知唯一拥有生命的星球
Solid Inner core 固态内核
Liquid outer core 液态外核
Silicate mantle 硅酸盐地幔
Rocky crust 岩石地壳
Because of the Unique distance to the Sun, the Earth is able to conceive life.
由于与太阳的独特距离，地球能够孕育生命。
microbe, 3.5 billion years ago
微生物，35亿年前
1.5 million species
Fungi 菌类

It calls the Earth home
4.5 billion years go
The Earth slammed into another early planet, it turns to the moon later.
地球撞击了另一个早期的行星，后来它变成了月球。
crater 火山口
meteoroid 流星体，陨石
meteorite
asteroids crashing on to the moon 小行星
小行星撞击月球
Lunar phases 月相
July 20th, 1969 Apollo 11 Landing

Red planet 红色星球
4th planet from the Sun 距太阳第四位的星球
46 million + 93 million -> Sun 离太阳大约有46＋93 百万公里
It gets seasons as we do 类似地球的季节转换
62% less gravity 重力缩减62％
Water existed 3.5 billion years ago 35亿年前存在过水
Earth 21% Oxygen, Mars 96% CO $_{2}$ , 0.1% Oxygen 地球有21％的含氧量，火星只有0.1%，并且96％是二氧化碳
Need spacesuits for human beings to land on the Mars
需要穿宇航服才可以在可能登录上火星
1. Low atmospheric pressure 低大气压
2. Lack of oxygen 缺氧
3. Cold surface temperature 过低地表温度
4. Dust 沙尘暴
5. Intense UV radiation 紫外线辐射
6. Surface chemicals 地球化学物质
7. Oxidants 氧化物质
2030 Mars Travelling

4.5 billion years ago 45亿年前形成
Fifth planet from the Sun 距太阳第五位
No solid surface 没有实质地表
Consist of different types of gas, appearing as whites, yellows, browns, and reds
由不同类型的气体组成，表现为白色、黄色、棕色和红色
iconic phenomenon -> crimson brown storm 深棕色风暴
Great Red Spot, 400MPH, swirling collection of clouds, 2.5 times faster than the most severe hurricane
时速 400 英里，盘旋云集，比最严重的飓风快 2.5 倍
Ganymede 卫木三
Ganymede, a satellite of Jupiter (Jupiter III), is the largest and most massive of the Solar System's moons.
Ganymede 是木星 (Jupiter III) 的卫星，是太阳系中最大、质量最大的卫星。
Dominate figure in the solar system
planetary heap 行星堆

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