【CSDN 同步发布:http://blog.csdn.net/riskychengallesgut/article/details/72618400】
- 了解Builder模式:
将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
光看定义并不能理解究竟啥是Builder模式,通过一个具体的实例就会十分清晰。我们顶一个Person类,该Person类包含很多属性,比如name、age、gender、weight等,并且允许这些属性可以不设置,允许为空,则该类的定义如下:
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private double height;
private double weight;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setHeight(double height) {
this.height = height;
}
public double getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(double weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
}
然后在使用实例化时,我们为了方便定义若干个构造方法:
public Person(String name, int age, double height, double weight) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.height = height;
this.weight = weight;
}
或者为了方便创建空对象,还会创建空的构造函数,并且还有可能需要传递部分参数,需要定义若干个差异化的构造函数,比如:
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Person(String name, int age, double height) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.height = height;
}
这样不可避免的坏处有:
- 1)、可读性差;
- 2)、构造函数编写繁琐;
- 3)、调用时容易出错;
- Builder模式引入
然后当我们采用Builder模式时,一切就都迎刃而解,先看代码:
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private double height;
private double weight;
privatePerson(Builder builder) {
this.name=builder.name;
this.age=builder.age;
this.height=builder.height;
this.weight=builder.weight;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getHeight() {
return height;
}
public void setHeight(double height) {
this.height = height;
}
public double getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(double weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
static class Builder{
private String name;
private int age;
private double height;
private double weight;
public Builder name(String name){
this.name=name;
return this;
}
public Builder age(int age){
this.age=age;
return this;
}
public Builder height(double height){
this.height=height;
return this;
}
public Builder weight(double weight){
this.weight=weight;
return this;
}
public Person build(){
return new Person(this);
}
}
}
关于以上代码,十分清晰,有如下需要注意的地方:
- 1)、Person的构造函数定义为私有;
- 2)、Person类中属性设置返回值为Builder,这样可以实现串联函数的易用性和可读性的优势;
- 3)、对外创建实例时,通过build返回实例,其参数即为当前builder实例;
- 4)、某些不被设置的属性,并不会影响实例的创建;
用法如下:
Person.Builder builder=new Person.Builder();
Person person=builder
.name("张三")
.age(18)
.height(178.5)
.weight(67.4)
.build();
- Android中的应用
在Android中Builder模式有大量的应用,其中最常见的就是AlertDialog的创建:
AlertDialog.Builder builder=new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
AlertDialog dialog=builder.setTitle("标题")
.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_alert)
.setView(R.layout.myview)
.setPositiveButton(R.string.positive, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
}
})
.setNegativeButton(R.string.negative, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
}
})
.create();
dialog.show();
并且在各大框架中也有十分广泛的应用,对Builder进行总结:
λ 定义静态内部类Builder,其内部成员变量与外部类中的一样;
λ Builder类通过各方法进行成员变量的赋值,并且返回的是当前对象(Builder)本身,用以实现串联函数;
外部类的构造方法声明为私有,仅对内部类的Builder中的build函数生效。
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