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vue cli3+typscript 项目(开发篇)

vue cli3+typscript 项目(开发篇)

作者: 偶余杭 | 来源:发表于2020-01-09 12:14 被阅读0次
image.png

vue cli3 + typescript 如何进行开发?以下是开发方式小记,还未配置的先看vue cli3+typescript 项目(配置篇)

组件开发:vue-property-decorator

在我们使用vue cli3vue create命名创建了包含typescript依赖的项目之后,打开app.vue,我们会发现以前熟悉的代码变样了:

<template>
<div id="app"></div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from "vue-property-decorator";
import HelloWorld from "./components/HelloWorld.vue";

@Component({
  components: {
    HelloWorld
  }
})
export default class App extends Vue {}
</script>

可以看到项目自动引入了vue-property-decorator这个库,默认使用这个库来进行ts开发。
它把vue的语句用对应的“装饰器”或方法来实现,有以下装饰器/方法:

这里挑常用的记录一下

数据定义

以前的:

<template>
  <div>{{msg}}</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      msg: "这是一条测试数据"
    };
  }
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
</style>

现在的:

<template>
  <div class="hello">{{ msg }}</div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from "vue-property-decorator";

@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Vue {
  msg: string = "这是一条测试数据";
}
</script>

<!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped lang="scss"></style>

组件与子组件

子组件传参用到@prop装饰器:
以前的:

<template>
  <div>{{msg2}}</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  props: {
    msg1: {
      type: Number
    },
    msg2: {
      type: string,
      default: "default value"
    },
    msg3: {
      type: string | boolean
    }
  }
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
</style>

对应现在的:

<template>
  <div class="hello">{{ msg2 }}</div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
//引入Prop
import { Component, Prop, Vue } from "vue-property-decorator";

@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Vue {
  @Prop(Number) readonly msg1: number | undefined;
  @Prop({ default: "default value" }) readonly msg2!: string;
  @Prop([String, Boolean]) readonly msg3: string | boolean | undefined;
}
</script>

<!-- Add "scoped" attribute to limit CSS to this component only -->
<style scoped lang="scss"></style>

父组件引用子组件的方式:
以前的


<template>
  <div>
    <HelloWorld :msg1="msg1" msg3="第二条信息"></HelloWorld>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import HelloWorld from "./components/HelloWorld.vue";
export default {
  components: {
    HelloWorld
  },
  data() {
    return {
      msg: 1
    };
  }
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
</style>

对应现在的

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <HelloWorld :msg1="msg1" msg3="第二条信息"></HelloWorld>
  </div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
//引入Component
import { Component, Vue } from "vue-property-decorator";
import HelloWorld from "./components/HelloWorld.vue";

//使用装饰器声明
@Component({
  components: {
    HelloWorld
  }
})
export default class App extends Vue {
  msg1: number = 1;
}
</script>
监视 : watch

watch方法以前的:

<template>
  <div>
    <HelloWorld :msg1="msg1" msg3="第二条信息"></HelloWorld>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import HelloWorld from "./components/HelloWorld.vue";
export default {
  components: {
    HelloWorld
  },
  data() {
    return {
      msg: 1,
      person: {
        name: "Amy",
        age: 11
      }
    };
  },
  watch: {
    msg(newValue, oldValue) {},
    person: {
      hander(newValue, oldValue) {},
        immediate: true,
        deep: true
    }
  }
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
</style>

对应现在的:

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <HelloWorld :msg1="msg1" msg3="第二条信息"></HelloWorld>
  </div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
//引入Watch
import { Component, Vue, Watch } from "vue-property-decorator";
import HelloWorld from "./components/HelloWorld.vue";

interface Person {
  name: string;
  age: number;
}
@Component({
  components: {
    HelloWorld
  }
})
export default class App extends Vue {
  msg1: number = 1;
  person: Person = {
    name: "Amy",
    age: 11
  };
  //使用
  @Watch("msg1")
  onChildChanged(val: string, oldVal: string) {}

  @Watch("person", { immediate: true, deep: true })
  onPersonChanged1(val: Person, oldVal: Person) {}
  mounted() {}
}
</script>

计算属性 computed

以前的:

<template>
  <div>{{msg2}}</div>
</template>

<script>
export default {
  props: {
    msg1: {
      type: Number
    }
  },
  computed: {
    msg2() {
      return this.msg1*2 
    }
  },
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
</style>

等同于现在:

<template>
  <div class="hello">{{ msg2 }}</div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue } from "vue-property-decorator";

@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Vue {
  @Prop({ default: 1 }) readonly msg1!: number;
 //设置计算属性,使用get
  get msg2() {
    return this.msg1 * 2;
  }
}
</script>

事件:emit

emit事件的写法也有了不同
以前:

export default {
  data() {
    return {
      count: 0
    }
  },
  methods: {
    addToCount(n) {
      this.count += n
      this.$emit('add-to-count', n)
    },
    resetCount() {
      this.count = 0
      this.$emit('reset')
    },
    returnValue() {
      this.$emit('return-value', 10)
    },
    onInputChange(e) {
      this.$emit('on-input-change', e.target.value, e)
    },
    promise() {
      const promise = new Promise(resolve => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          resolve(20)
        }, 0)
      })
 
      promise.then(value => {
        this.$emit('promise', value)
      })
    }
  }
}

现在:

import { Vue, Component, Emit } from 'vue-property-decorator'
 //不解释了,官网例子
@Component
export default class YourComponent extends Vue {
  count = 0
 
  @Emit()
  addToCount(n: number) {
    this.count += n
  }
 
  @Emit('reset')
  resetCount() {
    this.count = 0
  }
 
  @Emit()
  returnValue() {
    return 10
  }
 
  @Emit()
  onInputChange(e) {
    return e.target.value
  }
 
  @Emit()
  promise() {
    return new Promise(resolve => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve(20)
      }, 0)
    })
  }
}

不过,直接使用以前的写法也是完全没有问题的。

过滤器:filter

过滤器用法和以前一样,无改变

mixin

mixin的写法:
以前的:
mixins写法:

const test = {
    methods:{
          test(str){
            console.log(str)
          }
    }
}
export default test;

引入:

<template>
  <div>{{ msg2 }}</div>
</template>

<script>
import test from "@/mixins/test";
export default {
  mixins: [test],
  props: {
    msg1: {
      type: Number
    }
  },
  computed: {
    msg2() {
      return this.msg1 * 2;
    }
  },
  mounted() {
    this.test("这是一个mixins");
  }
};
</script>

<style lang="scss" scoped></style>

等同于现在的:
mixins写法:

//test.ts
import { Vue, Component } from "vue-property-decorator";

@Component
export default class test extends Vue {
  test(str: string) {
    console.log(str);
  }
}

mixins引入:

<template>
  <div class="hello">{{ msg2 }}</div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue, Mixins } from "vue-property-decorator";
import test from "@/mixins/test.ts";
//注意,不加Component无法引入
@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Mixins(test) {
  @Prop({ default: 1 }) readonly msg1!: number;
  get msg2() {
    return this.msg1 * 2;
  }
  mounted() {
    this.test("这是一个mixins");
  }
}
</script>

引入多个mixins:

  <div class="hello">{{ msg2 }}</div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue, Mixins } from "vue-property-decorator";
import test from "@/mixins/test.ts";
import test1 from "@/mixins/test1.ts";

@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Mixins(test,test1) {
  @Prop({ default: 1 }) readonly msg1!: number;
  get msg2() {
    return this.msg1 * 2;
  }
  mounted() {
    this.test("这是一个mixins");
  }
}
</script>

指令

指令的引入方式改变了
以前的引入方式:

<template>
  <div>{{ msg2 }}</div>
</template>

<script>
import test from "@/mixins/test";
import clickfocus from "@/directives/clickfocus";
export default {
  mixins: [test],
  directives: { clickfocus },
  props: {
    msg1: {
      type: Number
    }
  },
  computed: {
    msg2() {
      return this.msg1 * 2;
    }
  },
  mounted() {
    this.test("这是一个mixins");
  }
};
</script>

现在的:

<template>
  <div class="hello">{{ msg2 }}</div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue, Mixins } from "vue-property-decorator";
import test from "@/mixins/test.ts";
import clickfocus from "@/directives/clickfocus";
//引入指令
@Component({
  directives: { clickfocus }
})
export default class HelloWorld extends Mixins(test) {
  @Prop({ default: 1 }) readonly msg1!: number;
  get msg2() {
    return this.msg1 * 2;
  }
  mounted() {
    this.test("这是一个mixins");
  }
}
</script>

vuex 数据管理

vuex-class

使用vuex-class来进行vuex数据管理
安装:

npm i vuex-class -D

编辑store:

image.png
//store例子:/store/modules/test.ts
const state: any = {
  name: "测试store"
};

const mutations: any = {
  setName(state: any, name: string) {
    state.name = name;
  }
};

const actions: any = {};

export default {
  //namespaced为false的时候,state,mutations,actions全局可以调用
  //为true,生成作用域,引用时要声明模块名称
  namespaced: true, 
  state,
  mutations,
  actions
};
/store/index.ts
import Vue from "vue";
import Vuex from "vuex";
import testStore from "./modules/test";

Vue.use(Vuex);

export default new Vuex.Store({
  modules: { testStore }
});

引用:

<template>
  <div class="hello">{{ msg2 }}</div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue, Mixins } from "vue-property-decorator";
import test from "@/mixins/test.ts";
import { State, Getter, Action, Mutation, namespace } from "vuex-class";
//使用namespace具名引入store
const testStore = namespace("testStore");
@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Mixins(test) {
  //导入store :testStore中state的name
  @testStore.State(state => state.name) name: any;
  @testStore.Mutation("setName") setName: any;
  readonly msg1!: number;
  get msg2() {
    return this.msg1 * 2;
  }
  mounted() {
    console.log(this.name);
    this.setName("Jake");
    console.log(this.name);
  }
}
</script>
vuex-module-decorators

除了vuex-class,还可以使用vuex-module-decorators管理store
安装:

npm i vuex-module-decorators -D

store分模块:

//store/modules/test.ts
import { Module, VuexModule, Mutation } from "vuex-module-decorators";

@Module({ name: "testStore", namespaced: true })
export default class User extends VuexModule {
  name = "测试store";
  @Mutation
  setRight(name: string) {
    this.name = name;
  }
}
//store/index.ts
import Vue from "vue";
import Vuex from "vuex";
import testStore from "./modules/test";

Vue.use(Vuex);

export default new Vuex.Store({
  modules: { testStore }
});

引用:

<template>
  <div class="hello">{{ testName }}</div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue, Mixins } from "vue-property-decorator";
import test from "@/mixins/test.ts";
import store from "@/store";
import { getModule } from "vuex-module-decorators";
import testStore from "@/store/modules/test";
const test1: any = getModule(testStore, store);
@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Mixins(test) {
 //使用计算属性获取store变量,用来在模板中使用
  get testName() {
    return test1.name;
  }
  @Prop({ default: 1 })
  readonly msg1!: number;
  get msg2() {
    return this.msg1 * 2;
  }
  mounted() {
    console.log(test1.name);
    //调用mutation方法
    test1.setName("Amy");
    console.log(test1.name);
  }
}
</script>

如果你觉得这样做比较麻烦,也可以引用时通过vuex-class管理:

<template>
  <div class="hello">{{ name}}</div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue, Mixins } from "vue-property-decorator";
import test from "@/mixins/test.ts";
import { State, Getter, Action, Mutation, namespace } from "vuex-class";
//使用namespace具名引入store
const testStore = namespace("testStore");
@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Mixins(test) {
  //导入store :testStore中state的name
  @testStore.State(state => state.name) name: any;
  @testStore.Mutation("setName") setName: any;
  readonly msg1!: number;
  get msg2() {
    return this.msg1 * 2;
  }
  mounted() {
    console.log(this.name);
    this.setName("Jake");
    console.log(this.name);
  }
}
</script>

效果一样

接口发送:axios

axios的安装配置看vue cli3+typescript 项目(配置篇)
使用axios进行接口发送:

<template>
  <div class="hello">{{ msg1}}</div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Prop, Vue, Mixins } from "vue-property-decorator";
import test from "@/mixins/test.ts";
@Component
export default class HelloWorld extends Mixins(test) {
  $get: any;
  $post: any;
  path: string = "api";
  readonly msg1: number = 1;
  get msg2() {
    return this.msg1 * 2;
  }
  getData() {
    this.$get(`${this.path}/getData`, {}).then((d: any) => {
      //返回数据处理
    });
  }
  postData() {
    this.$post(`${this.path}/postData`, {}).then((d: any) => {
      //返回数据处理
    });
  }
  mounted() {
    this.getData();
    this.postData();
  }
}
</script>

ts声明

关于ts声明,声明对象类型:

interface Data{
  a:string,
  b:number
}

对于需要有动态变量的对象,即键值名称不固定,声明如下:

interface Data{
  [key: string]: any;
}

对于对象中非必有得值,声明中要加问号:

interface Data{
  a:string,//必有,没有会报错
  b?:number//非必有
}

对于你实在控制不了类型的变量,直接加any:

let a:any

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