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五.SpringBoot与Web(Thymeleaf)

五.SpringBoot与Web(Thymeleaf)

作者: __y | 来源:发表于2018-07-27 21:33 被阅读51次

    前言:
    前面说的框架,其实SpringBoot底层已经帮我们配好了,我们直接拿来用就好了,了解就好了。Web才是我们重点,我们如何在SpringBoot中进行相关的Web开发呢?下面一起来看看

    1、简介

    使用SpringBoot;

    1)、创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;
    2)、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
    3)、自己编写业务代码;
    我们来回顾一下自动配置的原理
    xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;

    2、SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则;

    xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;


    image.png
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
                if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
                    logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
                    return;
                }
                Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
                if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
                    customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                            registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                                    .addResourceLocations(
                                            "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
                            .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
                }
                String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
                //静态资源文件夹映射
                if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
                    customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
                            registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
                                    .addResourceLocations(
                                            this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
                            .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
                }
            }
    

    分析:
    1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
    webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
    先引入jar包

    <!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
                <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.1</version>
            </dependency>
    
    image.png

    访问:
    localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js


    image.png

    2)、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射


    image.png
    image.png
    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", 
    "classpath:/resources/",
    "classpath:/static/", 
    "classpath:/public/" 
    "/":当前项目的根路径
    

    只要没人处理都会到这些路径找静态资源

    • 测试
      将一些静态资源放进去


      image.png

    访问:
    http://localhost:8080/asserts/js/Chart.min.js

    image.png image.png

    3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;

    //配置欢迎页映射
            @Bean
            public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
                    ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
                return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
                        this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
            }
    
    • 测试


      image.png

      访问:
      localhost:8080


      image.png
      4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找
    //配置喜欢的图标
            @Configuration
            @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
            public static class FaviconConfiguration {
    
                private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
    
                public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
                    this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
                }
    
                @Bean
                public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
                    SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
                    mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
                    //所有  **/favicon.ico 
                    mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
                            faviconRequestHandler()));
                    return mapping;
                }
    
                @Bean
                public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
                    ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
                    requestHandler
                            .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
                    return requestHandler;
                }
    
            }
    

    2、Thymeleaf使用

    先来说说什么是模板引擎,我们以前接触过的jsp,freemarker都是模板引擎


    image.png

    模板引擎其实就是一个一个模板+一些数据然后渲染成我们想要的页面
    SpringBoot推荐使用Thymeleaf

    1、引入thymeleaf;

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
                2.1.6
            </dependency>
    切换thymeleaf版本
    <properties>
            <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
            <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
            <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
            <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
      </properties>
    
    image.png
    image.png

    2、Thymeleaf使用

    我们现在看看Thymeleaf的配置文件


    image.png
    image.png
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
    public class ThymeleafProperties {
    
        private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    
        private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
    
        public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
    
        public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
        //
    

    可以看到读取的路径都是classpath:/templetes/,我们只需要把html放在templetes下,thymeleaf就能自动渲染

    • 测试


      image.png
      image.png

      我们看到OK的。其实有点像以前我们配SpringMVC的时候的视图解析器~
      2、使用thymeleaf语法;
      要想使用thymeleaf,首先要导入命名空间


      image.png
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
       <h1>Hello,Thymeleaf!</h1>
        <!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
        <div th:text="${hello}">我会被替换的啦</div>
    </body>
    </html>
    
    • 测试


      image.png
    image.png

    可以看到div标签里面的内容被我们替换掉了。

    3、语法规则

    1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
    我们看看官方文档的一些说明


    2018-02-04_123955.png

    2)、表达式
    什么是表达式?记得c:foreach,等常用表达式了吗;也就是类似的东西;下面贴出一些表达式和说明

    Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
        Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
                1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
                2)、使用内置的基本对象:
                    #ctx : the context object.
                    #vars: the context variables.
                    #locale : the context locale.
                    #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                    #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                    #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                    #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                    
                    ${session.foo}
                3)、内置的一些工具对象:
    #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
    #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
    #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
    #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
    #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
    #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
    #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
    #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
    #objects : methods for objects in general.
    #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
    #arrays : methods for arrays.
    #lists : methods for lists.
    #sets : methods for sets.
    #maps : methods for maps.
    #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
    #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
    
        Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
            补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
       <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <!--直接获得对象的属性-->
        <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
        <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
        <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
        </div>
        
        Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
        Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
                @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
        Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
                <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
                
    Literals(字面量)
          Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
          Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
          Boolean literals: true , false
          Null literal: null
          Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
    Text operations:(文本操作)
        String concatenation: +
        Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
    Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
        Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
        Minus sign (unary operator): -
    Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
        Binary operators: and , or
        Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
    Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
        Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
        Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
    Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
        If-then: (if) ? (then)
        If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
        Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
    Special tokens:
        No-Operation: _ 
    
    • 测试
      这里先做一小部分的测试,具体以后用到以后再查查
    image.png
    image.png
    image.png

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