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SpringBoot自动配置:Spring Data JPA

SpringBoot自动配置:Spring Data JPA

作者: Java柱柱 | 来源:发表于2021-01-28 10:12 被阅读0次

    前言

    不知道从啥时候开始项目上就一直用MyBatis,其实我个人更新JPA些,因为JPA看起来OO的思想更强烈些,所以这才最近把JPA拿出来再看一看,使用起来也很简单,除了定义Entity实体外,声明自己的业务接口继承JpaRepository接口,什么逻辑也不用写,基本的增删改查,分页,排序就都搞定了。

    我在实现JpaRepository接口时就有个疑问,那么实现类是什么?如果用过MyBatis肯定也知道,是接口和实现类之间有一个代理类专门来处理这块的业务,那么JPA这块是否也会有一个代理类来处理同样的业务呢? 总体来说我们有两个疑问,关键字分别是: 接口实现类,代理类是什么

    工作原理分析

    首先从spring-boot-autoconfiguration.jar中下的spring.factories中我们可以看到JPA的自动配置需要从JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration开始着手。 我先画了一张总的Spring Data JPA自动配置流程图,可以有个大概的认识,下面会从源代码层面再来读一读其工作原理,和关键代码都分布在那里。


    image.png

    JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration 自动配置

    因为我们在pom中导入了spring-data-jpa.jar,数据库驱动jar包为系统默认jar,也就是说他们会出现在程序运行的classpath上,并且我们在yml文件中配置了数据源,所以在springboot程序启动中,springboot自动配置中关于JPA的自动配置就已经开始工作了,具体的自动配置类会从JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration开始。

    spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3307/readinglist?serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval\
      =true
    spring.datasource.username=root
    spring.datasource.password=000
    spring.jpa.generate-ddl=false
    spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
    spring.jpa.show-sql=true
    

    从代码中可以看到JPA的默认实现是Hibernate,所以会先配置HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,并且是在DataSource bean已经存在的情况下。

    @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    @ConditionalOnBean(DataSource.class)
    @ConditionalOnClass(JpaRepository.class)
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean({ JpaRepositoryFactoryBean.class, JpaRepositoryConfigExtension.class })
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.data.jpa.repositories", name = "enabled", havingValue = "true",
            matchIfMissing = true)
    //导入JpaRepositoriesRegistrar
    @Import(JpaRepositoriesRegistrar.class)
    //先自动配置HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration
    @AutoConfigureAfter({ HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class })
    public class JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration {
    }
    
    @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
    @ConditionalOnClass({ LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.class, EntityManager.class, SessionImplementor.class })
    @EnableConfigurationProperties(JpaProperties.class)
    @AutoConfigureAfter({ DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class })
    @Import(HibernateJpaConfiguration.class)
    public class HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration {
    
    }
    

    这里你首先会看到必须是DataSource bean存在的情况下,其次还有一个关键信息就是不存在JpaRepositoryFactoryBean bean的情况下才会执行该自动配置,也就是说如果你想根据自己的业务重新实现一个FactoryBean,那么该自动配置则不会执行。 那么看起来JpaRepositoryFactoryBean可能看起来有点眼熟哦。

    JpaRepositoryFactoryBean位于org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support包下

    用户自定义的JpaRepository作为bean注入Spring容器中

    JpaRepositoriesRegistrar中静态内部类使用了@EnableJpaRepositories开启JPA。如果不是SpringBoot项目中该注解是需要手动开启。

    class JpaRepositoriesRegistrar extends AbstractRepositoryConfigurationSourceSupport {
    
        @EnableJpaRepositories
        private static class EnableJpaRepositoriesConfiguration {
    
        }
    
    }
    

    JpaRepositoriesRegistrar又继承了抽象类AbstractRepositoryConfigurationSourceSupport类。这是一个ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar,设计目的就是在SpringBoot自动发现机制中发现用户自定义的JpaRepository。在Spring容器启动中,该ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar就会执行。

    public abstract class AbstractRepositoryConfigurationSourceSupport
        implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, BeanFactoryAware, ResourceLoaderAware, EnvironmentAware {
    }
    
    在AbstractRepositoryConfigurationSourceSupport类中重写了registerBeanDefinitions方法,这个方法里又把实例化的任务交给了RepositoryConfigurationDelegate#registerRepositoriesIn()。
    
    AbstractRepositoryConfigurationSourceSupport#registerBeanDefinitions
    
    
    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
                BeanNameGenerator importBeanNameGenerator) {
       RepositoryConfigurationDelegate delegate = new RepositoryConfigurationDelegate(
                    getConfigurationSource(registry, importBeanNameGenerator), this.resourceLoader, this.environment);
       delegate.registerRepositoriesIn(registry, getRepositoryConfigurationExtension());
    }
    
    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
            registerBeanDefinitions(importingClassMetadata, registry, null);
    }
    
    RepositoryConfigurationDelegate#registerRepositoriesIn
    
    
    public class RepositoryConfigurationDelegate {
    
        public List<BeanComponentDefinition> registerRepositoriesIn(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, RepositoryConfigurationExtension extension) {
    
            extension.registerBeansForRoot(registry, this.configurationSource);
            RepositoryBeanDefinitionBuilder builder = new RepositoryBeanDefinitionBuilder(registry, extension, this.configurationSource, this.resourceLoader, this.environment);
            List<BeanComponentDefinition> definitions = new ArrayList();
            StopWatch watch = new StopWatch();
    
            watch.start();
            //extension.getRepositoryConfigurations() 会扫描相应的包并找到用户自定义JpaRepository接口
            Collection<RepositoryConfiguration<RepositoryConfigurationSource>> configurations = extension.getRepositoryConfigurations(this.configurationSource, this.resourceLoader, this.inMultiStoreMode);
            Map<String, RepositoryConfiguration<?>> configurationsByRepositoryName = new HashMap(configurations.size());
            Iterator var8 = configurations.iterator();
    
            while(var8.hasNext()) {
                RepositoryConfiguration<? extends RepositoryConfigurationSource> configuration = (RepositoryConfiguration)var8.next();
                configurationsByRepositoryName.put(configuration.getRepositoryInterface(), configuration);
    
                //对于每个扫描找到的用户自定义JpaRepository,构建一个BeanDefinitionBuilder,
                //就是在这个步骤中将该BeanDefinition同JpaRepositoryFactoryBean建立关系
                BeanDefinitionBuilder definitionBuilder = builder.build(configuration);
                extension.postProcess(definitionBuilder, this.configurationSource);
                if (this.isXml) {
                    extension.postProcess(definitionBuilder, (XmlRepositoryConfigurationSource)this.configurationSource);
                } else {
                    extension.postProcess(definitionBuilder, (AnnotationRepositoryConfigurationSource)this.configurationSource);
                }
    
                //这里根据所发现的用户自定义JpaRepository接口的名字构造一个bean名称
                AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definitionBuilder.getBeanDefinition();
                beanDefinition.setResourceDescription(configuration.getResourceDescription());
                String beanName = this.configurationSource.generateBeanName(beanDefinition);
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace(LogMessage.format("Spring Data %s - Registering repository: %s - Interface: %s - Factory: %s", extension.getModuleName(), beanName, configuration.getRepositoryInterface(), configuration.getRepositoryFactoryBeanClassName()));
                }
    
                //设置当前BeanDefinition的属性factoryBeanObjectType为用户自定义JpaRepository接口的全限定名
                beanDefinition.setAttribute("factoryBeanObjectType", configuration.getRepositoryInterface());
    
                // 现在把这个bean注册到容器
                registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, beanDefinition);
                definitions.add(new BeanComponentDefinition(beanDefinition, beanName));
            }
    
            potentiallyLazifyRepositories(configurationsByRepositoryName, registry, this.configurationSource.getBootstrapMode());
            watch.stop();
    
            return definitions;
        }
    
    }
    
    RepositoryBeanDefinitionBuilder#build
    
    
    public BeanDefinitionBuilder build(RepositoryConfiguration<?> configuration) {
        BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(configuration.getRepositoryFactoryBeanClassName());
        builder.getRawBeanDefinition().setSource(configuration.getSource());
        builder.addConstructorArgValue(configuration.getRepositoryInterface());
        builder.addPropertyValue("queryLookupStrategyKey", configuration.getQueryLookupStrategyKey());
        builder.addPropertyValue("lazyInit", configuration.isLazyInit());
        builder.setLazyInit(configuration.isLazyInit());
        builder.setPrimary(configuration.isPrimary());
        configuration.getRepositoryBaseClassName().ifPresent((it) -> {
            builder.addPropertyValue("repositoryBaseClass", it);
        });
        NamedQueriesBeanDefinitionBuilder definitionBuilder = new NamedQueriesBeanDefinitionBuilder(this.extension.getDefaultNamedQueryLocation());
        configuration.getNamedQueriesLocation().ifPresent(definitionBuilder::setLocations);
        builder.addPropertyValue("namedQueries", definitionBuilder.build(configuration.getSource()));
        this.registerCustomImplementation(configuration).ifPresent((it) -> {
            builder.addPropertyReference("customImplementation", it);
            builder.addDependsOn(it);
        });
        BeanDefinitionBuilder fragmentsBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(RepositoryFragmentsFactoryBean.class);
        List<String> fragmentBeanNames = (List)this.registerRepositoryFragmentsImplementation(configuration).map(RepositoryFragmentConfiguration::getFragmentBeanName).collect(Collectors.toList());
        fragmentsBuilder.addConstructorArgValue(fragmentBeanNames);
        builder.addPropertyValue("repositoryFragments", ParsingUtils.getSourceBeanDefinition(fragmentsBuilder, configuration.getSource()));
        return builder;
    }
    

    我在builder()里调试了一下代码,程序执行到该方法倒数第二行代码时,可以BeanDefinitionBuilder#beanClass就是org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.JpaRepositoryFactoryBean。

    SpringBoot自动配置:Spring Data JPA

    从上面两段代码分析来看,不管用户创建多少个JpaRepository,最终注入Spring容器的bean都是来自JpaRepositoryFactoryBean工厂来创建。每个开发人员自定义的JpqRepository又都是针对不同的领域模型的,比如说UserRepository,OrderRepository,OrderLineItemRepository。

    使用用户自定义的JpaRepository

    @Autowired
    private BookRepository bookRepository;
    

    当你定义了的BookRepository后,在使用时又是如何从Spring容器中获取bean的。上面既然说了BeanDefinitionBuilder会和JpaRepositoryFactoryBean建立联系,那我们还是从JpaRepositoryFactoryBean入手。

    public class JpaRepositoryFactoryBean<T extends Repository<S, ID>, S, ID>
            extends TransactionalRepositoryFactoryBeanSupport<T, S, ID> {
    
        //构造函数,这里repositoryInter就是你自定义的JpaRepository
        public JpaRepositoryFactoryBean(Class<? extends T> repositoryInterface) {
            super(repositoryInterface);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected RepositoryFactorySupport doCreateRepositoryFactory() {
    
            Assert.state(entityManager != null, "EntityManager must not be null!");
    
            return createRepositoryFactory(entityManager);
        }
    
        //这个方法会返回JpaRepositoryFactory
        protected RepositoryFactorySupport createRepositoryFactory(EntityManager entityManager) {
    
            JpaRepositoryFactory jpaRepositoryFactory = new JpaRepositoryFactory(entityManager);
            jpaRepositoryFactory.setEntityPathResolver(entityPathResolver);
            jpaRepositoryFactory.setEscapeCharacter(escapeCharacter);
    
            if (queryMethodFactory != null) {
                jpaRepositoryFactory.setQueryMethodFactory(queryMethodFactory);
            }
    
            return jpaRepositoryFactory;
        }
    
    }
    
    SpringBoot自动配置:Spring Data JPA

    这段代码我们会关注两个地方,一个是构造函数,构造函数的参数repositoryInterface就是用户自定义的接口,一个是createRepositoryFactory(),Spring要创建JpaRepository的实现类,会先创建一个JpaRepositoryFactory,然后具体接口的实现类,或者叫做代理会交给该工厂类实现。

    public class JpaRepositoryFactory extends RepositoryFactorySupport {
    
    }
    

    JpaRepositoryFactory继承了抽象类RepositoryFactorySupport,而RepositoryFactorySupport又实现了两个Spring接口BeanClassLoaderAware,BeanFactoryAware。

    RepositoryFactorySupport位于spring-data-common.jar内。

    RepositoryFactorySupport#getRepository

    public <T> T getRepository(Class<T> repositoryInterface, RepositoryFragments fragments) {
    
         //repositoryInterface为用户自定义的JpaRepository,这里为BookRepository。
         RepositoryMetadata metadata = this.getRepositoryMetadata(repositoryInterface);
         RepositoryComposition composition = this.getRepositoryComposition(metadata, fragments);
         RepositoryInformation information = this.getRepositoryInformation(metadata, composition);
         this.validate(information, composition);
         //target为SimpleJpaRepository。
         Object target = this.getTargetRepository(information);
         ProxyFactory result = new ProxyFactory();
         result.setTarget(target);
         result.setInterfaces(new Class[]{repositoryInterface, Repository.class, TransactionalProxy.class});
         if (MethodInvocationValidator.supports(repositoryInterface)) {
             result.addAdvice(new MethodInvocationValidator());
         }
    
         result.addAdvisor(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.ADVISOR);
         this.postProcessors.forEach((processor) -> {
             processor.postProcess(result, information);
         });
         if (DefaultMethodInvokingMethodInterceptor.hasDefaultMethods(repositoryInterface)) {
             result.addAdvice(new DefaultMethodInvokingMethodInterceptor());
         }
    
         ProjectionFactory projectionFactory = this.getProjectionFactory(this.classLoader, this.beanFactory);
         Optional<QueryLookupStrategy> queryLookupStrategy = this.getQueryLookupStrategy(this.queryLookupStrategyKey, this.evaluationContextProvider);
         result.addAdvice(new QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor(information, projectionFactory, queryLookupStrategy, this.namedQueries, this.queryPostProcessors, this.methodInvocationListeners));
         composition = composition.append(RepositoryFragment.implemented(target));
         result.addAdvice(new RepositoryFactorySupport.ImplementationMethodExecutionInterceptor(information, composition, this.methodInvocationListeners));
         //repository为SimpleJpaRepository
         T repository = result.getProxy(this.classLoader);
    
         return repository;
     }
    

    这是一个关键方法,this.getTargetRepository会创建一个SimpleJpaRepository对象。该对象知道自己具体操作那个领域对象,随后又基于此类创建一个代理对象,设置Interceptor对象后返回该代理对象。 当真正的SimpleJpaRepository代理对象被创建之后,包裹该对象的JpaRepositoryFactoryBean对象就是我们最终要使用bean的FactoryBean,Spring容器中,用户自定义的bean保存的实际上是一个JpaRepositoryFactoryBean。

    @Repository
    @Transactional(readOnly = true)
    public class SimpleJpaRepository<T, ID> implements JpaRepositoryImplementation<T, ID> {
         //这里就是我们常用的CURD方法了,终于看到了庐山真面目。
    }
    

    综上所述,注入bean实例化过程就结束了,可以进行注入了,根据上面的分析,每个用户自定义的JpaRepository实际上在Spring容器中保存的是一个JpaRepositoryFactoryBean,这是一个FactoryBean。当对JpaRepository进行注入并调用时会FactoryBean#getObject()获取要调用SimpleJpaRepository的代理对象。

    image.png

    总结

    上面我自己提到的两个问题,到了这里我们就有一个明确的答案了,首先回答代理是什么,从上面调试代码可以看出来repository的h属性是JdkDynamicAopProxy对象。当程序执行的时候会通过调用JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(),比如说调用JpaRepository.findAll(), 代理对象的创建逻辑都隐藏在JdkDynamicAopProxy中,而在这里这个代理对象就是SimpleJpaRepository 对象,也是你的自定义JpaRepository的实现类。

    SimpleJpaRepository对象位于 org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support包下。

    来源:https://www.tuicool.com/articles/qaYvM3b

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