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C++ 虚函数表分析

C++ 虚函数表分析

作者: ffusheng | 来源:发表于2017-05-15 02:02 被阅读0次

    上文在C++对象模型中,提到了vptl和vptr。写这篇文章即是在代码验证这二者。Talk is cheap。
    平台:Win7 x64,编译:dev Cpp。

    非继承下的vptr和vptl
    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    class Base
    {
        public:
            Base(int i) : baseInt(i)  {  }
            ~Base() {   cout << "Base::~Base()" << endl;    }
    
            virtual void Base_virtual_func1()  { 
                cout << "Base::Base_virtual_func1" << endl; 
            }   
            virtual void Base_virtual_func2()  { 
                cout << "Base::Base_virtual_func2" << endl; 
            }
        
        private:
            int baseInt;
    };
    
    typedef void (*Fun)();
    
    void test1()
    {
        Base base(1000);
        cout << "对象起始地址:" << &base << endl;
        cout << "虚函数表的首地址: " << (int*)*(int*)(&base) << endl;
        
        cout << "虚函数1的地址: " <<  (int*)*(int*)(&base) << " ";
        Fun ptr1 = (Fun)*(int*)*(int*)(&base);
        ptr1();
    
        cout << "虚函数2的地址: " <<  (int*)*(int*)(&base) + 2<< " ";
        Fun ptr2 = (Fun)*((int*)*(int*)(&base) + 2);
        ptr2();
    
        cout << "---------------" << endl;
    }
    
    int main()
    {
        test1();
    }
    
    

    输出结果:

    1.jpg

    从结果可以看出:Vptr 是放在对象起始地址。关系如图:

    1.jpg
    单继承下的vptr和vptl
    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    typedef void (*Fun)();
    
    class Base
    {
        public:
            Base(int i) : baseInt(i)    {   }
            ~Base() {   cout << "Base::~Base()" << endl;    }
        
            virtual void virtual_func() { 
                cout << "Base::virtual_func" << endl; 
            }
            virtual void Base_virtual_func()    { 
                cout << "Base::Base_virtual_func" << endl; 
            }
        private:
            int baseInt;
    };
    
    class Derive : public Base
    {
        public:
            Derive(int d): Base(1000), DeriveInt(d) {   }
            ~Derive()   {   cout << "Derive::~Derive()" << endl;    }
            
            void virtual_func() override  {     
                cout << "Drive::virtual_func()" << endl;    
            }
            virtual void Drive_virtual_func()   {   
                cout << "Drive::Drive_virtual_func" << endl; 
            }   
        private:
            int DeriveInt;  
    };
    
    void test2()
    {
        Derive derive(2000);
        
        cout << "对象起始地址:" << &derive << endl;
        cout << "虚函数表首地址:" <<  (int*)*(int*)(&derive) << endl;
        
        cout << "虚函数1的地址:" <<  (int*)*(int*)(&derive) << " ";
        Fun ptr1 = (Fun)*(int*)*(int*)(&derive);
        ptr1();
        
        cout << "虚函数2的地址:" <<  (int*)*(int*)(&derive) + 2 << " ";
        Fun ptr2 = (Fun)*((int*)*(int*)(&derive) + 2);
        ptr2();
        
        cout << "虚函数3的地址:" <<  (int*)*(int*)(&derive) + 4 << " ";
        Fun ptr3 = (Fun)*((int*)*(int*)(&derive) + 4);
        ptr3();
        
        cout << endl << "----------------------" << endl;
    }
    
    int main()
    {
        test2();
    }
    
    

    输出结果:

    2.jpg

    从结果来看,virtual function一共有3种可能:

    • 继承base class的virtual function函数实例。
    • 可以使用覆盖掉base class的virtual function。
    • 它可以加一个新的virtual fucntion。这时候virtual table的尺寸会增加一个新的slot,新的函数实例地址会放在其中。

    如图所示:

    3.jpg
    多继承下的vptr和vptl

    子类不覆盖父类的虚函数

    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    typedef void(*Fun)();
    
    class Base1{
        public:
            virtual void f()    {   cout << "Base1::f" << endl; }
            virtual void g()    {   cout << "Base1::g" << endl; }
    };
    
    class Base2{
        public:
            virtual void f()    {   cout << "Base2::f" << endl; }
            virtual void g()    {   cout << "Base2::g" << endl; }
    }; 
    
    class Base3{
        public:
            virtual void f()    {   cout << "Base3::f" << endl; }
            virtual void g()    {   cout << "Base3::g" << endl; }
    };
    
    
    class Derive : public Base1, public Base2, Base3{
        public:
            virtual void a()    {   cout << "Derive::a" << endl;    }
            virtual void b()    {   cout << "Derive::b" << endl;    }
    };
    
    void v_table_test4()
    {
        Derive  d;
    
        Fun func_ptr1 = nullptr;
        Fun func_ptr2 = nullptr;
    
        Fun func_ptr4 = nullptr;
        Fun func_ptr5 = nullptr;
    
        Fun func_ptr7 = nullptr;
        Fun func_ptr8 = nullptr;
    
        Fun func_ptr10 = nullptr;
        Fun func_ptr11 = nullptr;
        
        cout << "对象起始地址: " << (int*)(&d) << endl;
        
        cout << "第1个vptr地址:" << (int*)(&d) << endl;
        cout << "第1个虚函数表首地址: " << (int*)*(int*)(&d) << endl;
    
        func_ptr1 = (Fun)*( (int*)*(int*)(&d));
        func_ptr2 = (Fun)*( (int*)*(int*)(&d) + 2);
        func_ptr4 = (Fun)*( (int*)*(int*)(&d) + 4);
        func_ptr5 = (Fun)*( (int*)*(int*)(&d) + 6);
        
        func_ptr1();
        func_ptr2();
        func_ptr4();
        func_ptr5();
        cout << "----------------" << endl;
        
        cout << "第2个vptr地址:" << (int*)(&d) + 2 << endl;
        cout << "第2个(vptr->vptl)虚函数表首地址: " << (int*)*( (int*)(&d) + 2) << endl;
        
        func_ptr7 = (Fun)*( (int*)*( (int*)(&d) + 2));
        func_ptr8 = (Fun)*( ((int*)*( (int*)(&d) + 2)) + 2);
        
        func_ptr7();
        func_ptr8();
        cout << "----------------" << endl;
        
        cout << "第3个vptr地址:" << (int*)(&d) + 4 << endl;
        cout << "第3个(vptr->vptl)虚函数表首地址: " << (int*)*( (int*)(&d) + 4) << endl;
    
        func_ptr10 = (Fun)*( (int*)*( (int*)(&d) + 4));;
        func_ptr11 = (Fun)*( ((int*)*( (int*)(&d) + 4)) + 2);
    
        func_ptr10();
        func_ptr11();   
    }
    
    int main()
    {
        v_table_test4();
    }
    

    输出结果:


    4.jpg

    从结果看来,对于子类不覆盖父类的虚函数的多继承,子类有多个vptr和多个vptl,每一个vptr指向一个vptl,子类自己的虚函数在第一个vptl里面,
    如图所示:

    5.jpg

    子类覆盖自己的虚函数
    这个类似单继承下的vptr和vptl的,只是替换相应的函数地址。

    多重继承和虚继承

    比较复杂,暂时还不会。

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