Linux新增磁盘并挂载

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linux版本：CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

1. 查看现有磁盘信息

   $ fdisk -l
   
   Disk /dev/vda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk label type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0x000c54a5
   
      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
   /dev/vda1   *        2048   125829119    62913536   83  Linux
   
   Disk /dev/vdb: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   
   

   可以看到，/dev/vdb磁盘没有对应的设备信息，待挂载

2. 使用fdisk对新磁盘进行分区划分

   Linux fdisk是一个创建和维护分区表的程序，它兼容DOS类型的分区表、BSD或者SUN类型的磁盘列表。

   $ fdisk /dev/vdb
   Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
   
   Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
   Be careful before using the write command.
   
   Device does not contain a recognized partition table
   Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xc78ef89d.
   
   Command (m for help): m
   Command action
      a   toggle a bootable flag
      b   edit bsd disklabel
      c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
      d   delete a partition
      g   create a new empty GPT partition table
      G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
      l   list known partition types
      m   print this menu
      n   add a new partition
      o   create a new empty DOS partition table
      p   print the partition table
      q   quit without saving changes
      s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
      t   change a partition's system id
      u   change display/entry units
      v   verify the partition table
      w   write table to disk and exit
      x   extra functionality (experts only)
   
   

3. 使用fdisk的n指令新建分区，使用默认配置，使用w指令进行保存

   Command (m for help): n
   Partition type:
      p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
      e   extended
   Select (default p):
   Using default response p
   Partition number (1-4, default 1):
   First sector (2048-314572799, default 2048):
   Using default value 2048
   Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-314572799, default 314572799):
   Using default value 314572799
   Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 150 GiB is set
   
   Command (m for help): w
   The partition table has been altered!
   
   Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
   Syncing disks.
   
   

4. 再次查看磁盘信息

   fdisk -l
   
   Disk /dev/vda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk label type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0x000c54a5
   
      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
   /dev/vda1   *        2048   125829119    62913536   83  Linux
   
   Disk /dev/vdb: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes, 314572800 sectors
   Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disk label type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0xfd187af4
   
      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
   /dev/vdb1            2048   314572799   157285376   83  Linux
   
   

5. 使用mkfs命令在新磁盘上建立文件系统

   Linux mkfs命令用于在特定的分区上建立 linux 文件系统

   -t : 给定档案系统的型式，Linux 的预设值为 ext2

   -t : 给定档案系统的型式，Linux 的预设值为 ext2

   $ mkfs -t ext4 -c /dev/vdb1
   mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
   Filesystem label=
   OS type: Linux
   Block size=4096 (log=2)
   Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
   Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
   9830400 inodes, 39321344 blocks
   1966067 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
   First data block=0
   Maximum filesystem blocks=2187329536
   1200 block groups
   32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
   8192 inodes per group
   Superblock backups stored on blocks:
           32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
           4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
   
   Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done
   Allocating group tables: done
   Writing inode tables: done
   Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
   Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
   

6. 挂载到指定目录

   $ mkdir /foo
   $ mount /dev/vdb1 /foo
   
   $ df -h
   Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   /dev/vda1        60G  1.7G   59G   3% /
   devtmpfs        7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
   tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
   tmpfs           7.8G  8.4M  7.8G   1% /run
   tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
   tmpfs           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
   /dev/vdb1       148G   61M  140G   1% /foo
   
   

7. 使用parted + print list查看分区信息

   $ parted /dev/vdb1
   GNU Parted 3.1
   Using /dev/vdb1
   Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
   (parted) print list
   Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
   Disk /dev/vdb1: 161GB
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
   Partition Table: loop
   Disk Flags:
   
   Number  Start  End    Size   File system  Flags
    1      0.00B  161GB  161GB  ext4
   
   Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
   Disk /dev/vda: 215GB
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
   Partition Table: msdos
   Disk Flags:
   
   Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
    1      1049kB  64.4GB  64.4GB  primary  xfs          boot
   
   Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
   Disk /dev/vdb: 161GB
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
   Partition Table: msdos
   Disk Flags:
   
   Number  Start   End    Size   Type     File system  Flags
    1      1049kB  161GB  161GB  primary  ext4
   

8. 配置自动挂载

   /etc/fstab文件： 当系统启动的时候，系统会自动地从这个文件读取信息，并且会自动将此文件中指定的文件系统挂载到指定的目录

   # vim /etc/fstab，新增如下内容
   /dev/vdb1                   /foo                    xfs     defaults        0 0
   

参考

• Linux 下磁盘挂载