一、不定式(infinitive)
不定式是其中一中动词的基本形式,不定式与时态(如进行时)、语态(如被动时)无关,直接使用动词原形,如swim;
不定式动词另一种常见形式是在动词前面加to
,前面加to叫完全不定式(full infinitive 或to infinitive);
如:I need to run every day;(不定式to run)
I must run every day;(省略to的不定式run)
I run every day. (run不是不定式)
二、不定式用途和用法
1.不定式让动词可以自己使用,如祈使语句:
Come on!
Hurry up!
Be quick!
Don't worry.
Don't play the game.
题外话,如果是宣传标语,则不使用祈使语句,而直接用动词+ing,如No smoking,No parking.
2.不定式可以精减句子
The officer returned to help. (to help 修饰returned,to help在句子中作副词)
上面句子意思等同于这一句:
The officer returned so he could help.
实际是"to help"代替了“so he could help”,起到精减句子的作用;
【重要】He will complete the mission to set an example.
这一句中的"to set an example"作副词,修饰will complete,不是修饰the mission;
怎么区分呢?如果是修饰the mission,那可以翻译成"xx的任务",但不符合句子原意,因此不能这样理解。
上面句子等同于下面这一句:
He will complete the mission so he can set an example.
3.不定式动词在句子中(句法)不能作谓语,只能做其它如名词、形容词、副词等。
示例如:
He wants to play rugby. (谓语是wants,to play作名词,充当句子中的宾语)
He wants a game to play. (谓语是wants,宾语是game,to play作形容词,形容a game)
He begged to play. (谓语是begged,to play作副词,修改动词begged)
参考资料:Grammar monster
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