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01-nginx+uwsgi+django+qiniuyun+p

01-nginx+uwsgi+django+qiniuyun+p

作者: AngryCJ | 来源:发表于2017-07-24 10:06 被阅读0次

    经过了一个星期的努力,终于是把自己的个人博客上线到自己的阿里云服务器上www.fortable.cn,半年前买的域名和服务器也是终于有了内容。在这期间,也经过了不少坑,现在把这些都记录下来。我将从django(zinnia)-->uwsgi+nginx-->postgresql-->qiniuyun这个顺序逐一记录。由于本人在开发的时候是使用的ubuntu16.04 64位系统。aliyun上使用的是centos7.3 64位系统。在移植的过程中还经过了不少坑,现在一一记录下来。

    目录 (Table of Contents)

    [TOC]

    1.zinnia


    本人采用的是github上比较热门的django开源项目zinnia-0.18.1,详细的使用方法查看此开源项目的官方文档。在此开发过程中发现所有项目的官方文档和程序的log日志是解决问题的终极大招。

    安装virtualenv

    每一个python项目最好使用独立的python环境.

    pip install virtualenv                      #安装virtualenv
    cd yourProPath/                             #进入你的项目目录上一级
    virtualenv --no-site-packages venv          #创建一个没有其他多余安装包的干净环境,生成目录venv。
    source venv/bin/activate                    #激活环境
    pip install "packages"                      #安装你所需要的包,切记前面不要加sudo,否则pytho包会安装在电脑环境中
    deactivate                                  #退出当前python环境
    

    加速pip install 方法
    1.proxychains pip install package; #如果电脑上安装代理可以使用官方镜像
    2.pip install 'package' -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host pypi.douban.com #国内使用豆瓣镜像

    注:如果windows用户出现错误: failed to compile wheel 根据提示去微软官网下载 VCforpy27.msi 安装即可

    安装项目所需要的python包

    所需要下载的python包配置清单已经上传至我的github空间,下载下来然后使用

    pip install -r require.txt
    

    运行zinnia

    依照zinnia的官方教程,对settings.py和urls.py进行设置,然后

    python manage.py migrate                        #将model数据写入数据库表中,创建数据库表
    python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080         #将djano服务拉起来,即可在浏览器中看见页面
    ###**设置admin用户**
    python manage.py createsuperuser                #按照提示输入用户名密码即可
    python manage.py changepassword username        #修改用户名密码
    python manage.py shell                          #进入django SHELL 界面
    

    其他的一些功能设置可以参考官方教程。

    2.Centos上利用 uwsgi+nginx部署django


    在centos上安装uwsgi和nginx

    安装uwsgi: pip install uwsgi
    安装nginx: sudo yum install nginx

    设置uwsgi和nginx

    新建一个uwsgi.ini设置如下:

    [uwsgi]
    socket = 127.0.0.1:3316    #用端口连接nginx
    #http =127.0.0.1:80
    # the base directory (full path)
    chdir           =/home/chongjie/service/blog/djangosite     #django目录
    # Django's wsgi file
    module          = djangosite.wsgi                                   
    # the virtualenv (full path)
    home            = /home/chongjie/service/venv
    # process-related settings
    # master
    master          = true
    # maximum number of worker processes
    processes       = 10
    # the socket (use the full path to be safe
    #socket          = /path/to/your/project/mysite.sock                      #用socket文件连接
    # ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
    # chmod-socket    = 664
    # clear environment on exit
    vacuum          = true
    #print log file
    daemonize = /var/log/uwsgi.log                           #日志文件地址,需要自己创建
    

    vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 设置nginx

    # For more information on configuration, see:
    #   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
    #   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
    
    user root;                    //改成root用户 不然会出现访问permission denied
    worker_processes auto;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;    //error log 日志 在调试的时候非常有用
    pid /run/nginx.pid;
    
    # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
    #include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
    
    events {
        worker_connections 1024;
    }
    
    http {
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile            on;
        tcp_nopush          on;
        tcp_nodelay         on;
        keepalive_timeout   65;
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
    
        include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type        application/octet-stream;
    
        # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
        # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
        # for more information.
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    
        server {
            listen       80 default_server;
            listen       [::]:80 default_server;
            server_name  47.74.135.66;
            root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
    
            # Load configuration files for the default server block.
            include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
            location /static/ {
                    alias /home/chongjie/service/blog/djangosite/staticfile/;      #设置为django的静态文件夹(后面讲这个文件夹怎么生成)
                    }
            location / {
                uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:3316;            #uwsgi的对接port口
                include   uwsgi_params;                  #在/etc/nginx的目录里面的文件 uwsgi的补充协议
               # include   /etc/nginx/mime.types;
                 }
                error_page 404 /404.html;
                location = /40x.html {
            }
    
            error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
                location = /50x.html {
            }
        }
        ssl off;
    }
    
    

    然后

    uwsgi uwsgi.ini
    service nginx start
    

    则配置好了对应的nginx+uwsgi.在对nginx.conf再次编辑时,可以使用nginx -t检查配置文件正确与否,如果返回ok,用 -s reload 重新加载配置文件,nginx里面一定要设置django的静态文件夹,不然网页会找不到样式

    3.zinnia进阶--settings.py文件详解


    下面是我的settings.py的全部内容

    ""
    Django settings for djangosite project.
    
    Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.10.
    
    For more information on this file, see
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/settings/
    
    For the full list of settings and their values, see
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/
    """
    
    import os
    
    # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
    BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    
    
    # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
    # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/deployment/checklist/
    
    # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
    SECRET_KEY = '7v2v5d3b-qqdsadmgqy8880kk)-w%b8rq(3wjmgd!bi2ye)f-lmq4'
    
    # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
    DEBUG = True
    
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
    
    SITE_ID  = 2
    # Application definition
    
    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        'django.contrib.admin',
        'django.contrib.auth',
        'django.contrib.contenttypes',
        'django.contrib.sessions',
        'django.contrib.messages',
        'django.contrib.staticfiles',
        'django.contrib.sites',
        'django_comments',
        'mptt',
        'tagging',
        'theme',
        'zinnia_bootstrap',
        'zinnia',
        'django.contrib.sitemaps',
    ]
    
    MIDDLEWARE = [
        'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
        'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
        'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
    ]
    
    ROOT_URLCONF = 'djangosite.urls'
    
    
    TEMPLATES = [
        {
            'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
            'DIRS': [
                    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates'),
                    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'tempaltes','zinnia'),
                    ],
            'APP_DIRS': False,
            'OPTIONS': {
                'context_processors': [
                    'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                    'django.template.context_processors.request',
                    'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                    'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
                    'django.template.context_processors.i18n',
                    'zinnia.context_processors.version',
                ],
                'loaders':[
                    'app_namespace.Loader',
                    'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
                    'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
                    ],
            },
        },
    ]
    
    WSGI_APPLICATION = 'djangosite.wsgi.application'
    
    
    # Database
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#databases
    
    DATABASES = {
        'default': {
           # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
           # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
            'ENGINE' : 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
            'NAME' : 'blog',
            'USER' : 'postgres',
            'PASSWORD' : '**********',
            'HOST' : '127.0.0.1',
            'PORT' : '5432',
        }
    }
    
    # Password validation
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
    
    AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
        {
            'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
        },
        {
            'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
        },
        {
            'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
        },
        {
            'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
        },
    ]
    
    
    # Internationalization
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/
    
    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
    
    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
    
    USE_I18N = True
    
    USE_L10N = True
    
    USE_TZ = True
    
    
    # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/howto/static-files/
    
    STATIC_URL = '/static/'
    STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"staticfile/")
    STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),]
    
    
    #--media--qiniuyun server
    QINIU_ACCESS_KEY = 'wCdL4z3ix7Zk5pKXfGHvlq8AGKLNioocpHaRd7SH'
    QINIU_SECRET_KEY = 'sdF8fSoPSOKkbLbM6XETxQ4o7s3Wc9Y4fP4xg87G'
    QINIU_BUCKET_NAME = 'fortable'
    QINIU_BUCKET_DOMAIN = 'ot27paxji.bkt.clouddn.com/'
    QINIU_SECURE_URL = False      #using http 
    
    PREFIX_URL = 'http://'
    
    MEDIA_URL = PREFIX_URL + QINIU_BUCKET_DOMAIN + '/media/'
    MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
    
    DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'qiniustorage.backends.QiniuMediaStorage'
    #--media-- local server
    #MEDIA_URL ='/media/'
    #MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')
    
    ZINNIA_MARKUP_LANGUAGE = 'markdown'
    ZINNIA_MARKDOWN_EXTENSIONS = ['markdown.extensions.extra',
                            'markdown.extensions.abbr',
                            'markdown.extensions.attr_list',
                            'markdown.extensions.def_list',
                            'markdown.extensions.fenced_code',
                            'markdown.extensions.footnotes',
                            'markdown.extensions.tables',
                            'markdown.extensions.smart_strong',
                            'markdown.extensions.codehilite',
                            'markdown.extensions.admonition',
                            'markdown.extensions.headerid',
                            'markdown.extensions.meta',
                            'markdown.extensions.nl2br',
                            'markdown.extensions.sane_lists',
                            'markdown.extensions.smarty',
                            'markdown.extensions.toc',
                            'markdown.extensions.wikilinks',
    ]
    
    #EMAIL
    #EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
    EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django_smtp_ssl.SSLEmailBackend'
    
    # Host for sending e-mail.
    EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.qq.com'
    
    # Port for sending e-mailt
    EMAIL_PORT = '465'
    
    # Optional SMTP authentication information for EMAIL_HOST.
    EMAIL_HOST_USER = '****'
    EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '*******'
    EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
    
    EMAIL_TIMEOUT = 10
    DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER
    #EMAIL_USE_SSL = True
    

    静态文件的设置

    如果需要修改zinnia模板的对应静态图标和图片等,则需要重载静态文件或者media文件。static files和media files的设置和网页样式的自定义差不多,也是重载对应的目录,并将对应的地址注册到settings.py文件里面,具体参考django settings 官方文档 .主要settings.py设计代码如下:

    #static settings
    STATIC_URL = '/static/'        #和manage.py同级目录的static文件夹   
    STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"staticfile/")        #python manage.py collectstatic 静态文件存放地址
    STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),]   #在这里面加入你所需要更改的静态文件
    #media settings
    MEDIA_URL ='/media/'                                            #和manage.py同级目录的media文件夹
    MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')    #media文件路由地址,保存上传文件的文件夹
    

    STATIC_ROOT:运行上边提到的命令:python manage.py collectstatic 之后静态文件将要复制到的目录,这个目录只有在运行collectstatic时候才会用到,不能想当然的以为这个目录和MEDIA_ROOT的作用是相同的,否则在开发环境的时候可能一直无法找到静态文件。
    STATIC_URL:设置的static file的起始url,这个只是在template里边引用到,这个参数和MEDIA_URL的含义相同,
    STATICFILES_DIRS:和TEMPLATE_DIRS的含义差不多,就是除了各个app的static目录以外还需要管理的静态文件设置,比如项目的公共文件差不多。
    各个app目录下的静态文件static/django会自动找到,这个点和app下的templates目录下差不多。

    网页样式的自定义

    静态模板的修改,可以参考马志锋--边做边学,Python&Django实战教程-10-修改显示模板。主要是重载对应的你所所需的模板文件比如skeleton.html和base.html,并且将重载的文件夹地址写入对应 TEMPLATES.’DIRS‘里面

    mail邮箱的设置

    刚开始参考网上的设置,找了好久没有找到,终于找到有一个参考的答案
    settings.py的设置如下:

    #EMAIL
    #EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'  #不是用这个
    EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django_smtp_ssl.SSLEmailBackend'                     #正确的用这个
    
    # Host for sending e-mail.
    EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.qq.com'
    
    # Port for sending e-mailt
    EMAIL_PORT = '465'
    
    # Optional SMTP authentication information for EMAIL_HOST.
    EMAIL_HOST_USER = '****'
    EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '*******'
    EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
    
    EMAIL_TIMEOUT = 10
    DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER
    #EMAIL_USE_SSL = True
    

    首先阿里云将smtp 25端口永久封死,即使你在安全策略里面将25端口打开,使用 telnet smtp.qq.com 25 或者telnet smtp.163.com 25都是ping不同的,只有使用默认的ssl 465端口。1.你需要把你的邮箱开启smtp服务,我这里使用的是QQ邮箱,将会生成一个password,将该password放置在settings.py的文件里面。2.为了使用’django_smtp_ssl.SSLEmailBackend‘这个模块 ,需要安装[django-smtp-ssl]。3.在使用过程中可能ssl连接回报错“SSL routines:SSL3_GET_SERVER_CERTIFICATE:certificate verify failed”,在网上搜索说时因为python2.7在连进行ssl认证促互搓,在命令行输入如下就可解决

    cat /etc/ssl/certs/ca-bundle.crt >>$(python -c 'import requests; print requests.certs.where()')
    

    ,具体参考网址点击

    数据库的设置

    如果使用程序默认的则是sqlite数据库,在该项目中本人修改位postgresql数据库,首先Ubuntud额Pg和centos的Pg安装很不一样
    ubuntu下面:

    sudo apt-get install postgresql postgresql-contrib
    

    centos 7.0安装比较麻烦,具体参考教程
    安装完毕后,系统回自动生成一个数据库超级用户"postgres",初始密码位空。后续设置如下:

    sudo passwd postgres                        //输入新密码
    sudo -i -u postgres                        //按提示输入新密码
    psql                                       //进入postgres命令行工具psql
    \password postgres                         //设置数据库密码
    Enter new password
    CREATE DATABASE  dbname                   //创建数据库dbname
    \q                                        //退出
    

    配置完成后记得进入manage.py目录下

    python manage.py makemigrations            //生成移植中间文件
    python manage.py migrate                   //同步到数据库
    

    汉语显示

    参照settings.py设置成中文即可

    # Internationalization
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/i18n/
    
    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
    USE_I18N = True
    USE_L10N = True
    USE_TZ = True
    

    4.七牛云设置


    使用七牛云存储静态文件或者media文件。具体实施方案参考网址

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