这篇文章将会为大家梳理一下EventBus的基本流程,本人使用的版本号为3.1.1,为了方便阅读,文章中的源码部分将省略部分有关异常捕获与日志相关代码。
使用示例
首先,按照官方的文档来看看一个最简单的EventBus示例是什么样的:
第一步:定义消息实体类
public class MessageEvent {
public final String message;
public MessageEvent(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
第二步:使用注解创建订阅方法
@Subscribe
public void onMessageEvent(MessageEvent event) {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), event.message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
第三步:注册与注销订阅(注意与生命周期的绑定)
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
super.onStop();
}
第四步:发送通知消息
EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent("Hello everyone!"));
这样,一个简单的Demo就完成了,本文将以这个Demo为基础,分析订阅事件从注册到接收并执行都是如何实现的。
1.EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
EventBus.getDefault()
static volatile EventBus defaultInstance;
public static EventBus getDefault() {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
synchronized (EventBus.class) {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
defaultInstance = new EventBus();
}
}
}
return defaultInstance;
}
获取EventBus的单例对象,很标准的单例模式,就不细说了。
EventBus.register(Object subscriber)
public void register(Object subscriber) {
//获取注册订阅的类的Class对象
Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
//查找Class中带有Subscribe注解的方法列表
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
synchronized (this) {
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
}
}
}
SubscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass)
List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
//METHOD_CACHE为ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, List<SubscriberMethod>>,作为方法解析的缓存使用
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
//如果取出的SubscriberMethod不为null,则说明该类已被加载过,那么跳过解析的步骤,直接返回上次解析的结果
if (subscriberMethods != null) {
return subscriberMethods;
}
//ignoreGeneratedIndex用来设置是否忽略使用Subscriber Index来帮助注解解析,默认设置为false
//Subscriber Index为EventBus3.0中出现的新特性,在build期间生成,以此增加注解解析的性能
//关于Subscriber Index的更多信息可以参考官方文档 http://greenrobot.org/eventbus/documentation/subscriber-index/
if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
} else {
subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
}
if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
//如果类中没有找到Subscriber注解的方法,抛出异常
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
+ " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
} else {
//将Subscriber注解的方法放入缓存并返回
METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
return subscriberMethods;
}
}
从这个方法可以看出EventBus会将注册的订阅事件以Class对象为key,订阅方法的Method对象为value存入METHOD_CACHE缓存中,避免同一个类多次注册订阅时重复解析的问题,提升解析的性能。
在注解解析方面,EventBus提供了传统的反射解析与使用Subscriber Index两种方式,下面将主要对反射解析方式分别进行分析
SubscriberMethodFinder.findUsingReflection(Class<?> subscriberClass)
private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingReflection(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
//通过FindState对象池创建FindState对象
FindState findState = prepareFindState();
//初始化FindState对象
findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
while (findState.clazz != null) {
//解析这个类中带有Subscribe注解的方法
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
//向父类进行遍历
findState.moveToSuperclass();
}
//获取解析出的方法,将findState重置并放回对象池中
return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}
private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
Method[] methods;
try {
// This is faster than getMethods, especially when subscribers are fat classes like Activities
//getDeclaredMethods方法只会获取到该类所定义的方法,而getMethods方法会获取包括这个类的父类与接口中的所有方法
methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
} catch (Throwable th) {
// Workaround for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus/issues/149
// 使用getMethods就已经获得了其父类的所有方法,所以将skipSuperClasses标志位设置为true,在后续过程中不对其父类进行解析
methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
}
for (Method method : methods) {
int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
//Subscribe注解的方法不应为私有且不应为抽象,静态等
if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
//Subscribe注解的方法应有且只有一个参数
if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
//调用checkAdd方法判断是否将订阅事件添加进订阅列表中
if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
}
}
}
}
}
}
在这段代码中出现了一个FindState类对象,其中含有解析相关的配置,解析出的方法等等,整个解析的过程都是围绕着这个对象进行处理。
FindState.checkAdd
final Map<Class, Object> anyMethodByEventType = new HashMap<>();
final StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder(128);
final Map<String, Class> subscriberClassByMethodKey = new HashMap<>();
boolean checkAdd(Method method, Class<?> eventType) {
// 2 level check: 1st level with event type only (fast), 2nd level with complete signature when required.
// Usually a subscriber doesn't have methods listening to the same event type.
Object existing = anyMethodByEventType.put(eventType, method);
// 第一级判断,如果existing为null,则代表该eventType为首次添加,直接返回true
if (existing == null) {
return true;
} else {
// 对于这段代码,作者这么处理的用意我不是很明白,希望能有人能为我解答一下
if (existing instanceof Method) {
if (!checkAddWithMethodSignature((Method) existing, eventType)) {
// Paranoia check
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
// Put any non-Method object to "consume" the existing Method
// 该方法只为了将一个不是Method的对象放入,避免下一次再次进入此逻辑
anyMethodByEventType.put(eventType, this);
}
return checkAddWithMethodSignature(method, eventType);
}
}
private boolean checkAddWithMethodSignature(Method method, Class<?> eventType) {
//使用方法名与参数类型名生成该方法签名
methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0);
methodKeyBuilder.append(method.getName());
methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName());
String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString();
Class<?> methodClass = method.getDeclaringClass();
Class<?> methodClassOld = subscriberClassByMethodKey.put(methodKey, methodClass);
if (methodClassOld == null || methodClassOld.isAssignableFrom(methodClass)) {
// Only add if not already found in a sub class
// 如果有现方法的父类方法已注册过事件,则继续添加,使用现方法进行覆盖
return true;
} else {
// Revert the put, old class is further down the class hierarchy
// 撤销之前的put操作,并返回false
subscriberClassByMethodKey.put(methodKey, methodClassOld);
return false;
}
}
这部分代码的作用主要有两点:
- 当一个类重载了父类的一个订阅方法,在向上级父类遍历时跳过父类中的这个方法的订阅,也就是说以子类的订阅方法为准
- 允许一个类有多个方法名不同的方法对同个事件进行订阅
值得一提的是关于methodClassOld.isAssignableFrom(methodClass)这一句代码,有文章提到因为之前的代码中会使用Class.getMethods()方法,会得到这个类以及父类的public方法,所以这句代码的结果可能为true,但是经我测试,如果父类方法被子类重载,那么getMethods方法得到的只会有子类的重载方法一个,父类的方法并不会出现,所以从这方面来说,这句代码依然只能是false。
EventBus.register(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod)
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
if (subscriptions == null) {
//如果该事件没有注册过,则将订阅事件添加进订阅列表中
subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
} else {
//同一对象内订阅事件不能重复注册
if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
+ eventType);
}
}
int size = subscriptions.size();
//根据订阅事件的优先级将事件加入订阅列表中
for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
break;
}
}
//将参数类型以订阅者对象为key,参数类型列表为value保存进一个Map中
List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
if (subscribedEvents == null) {
subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
}
subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
//对于一般的事件的注册,到这里就已经完成了
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//针对粘性事件订阅者的处理
if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
//eventInheritance:是否支持事件继承,默认为true。当为true时,post一个事件A时,若A是B的父类,订阅B的订阅者也能接收到事件。
if (eventInheritance) {
// Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
// Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
// thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
// (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List<Class>).
//遍历所有注册的粘性事件进行遍历,如果一个事件为现事件的子类,则将该事件发送出去
Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
} else {
//发送订阅的粘性事件
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
}
到现在为止,其实已经可以总结出EventBus中订阅者注册的核心逻辑了,就是筛选出注册的类中带有Subscribe注解的方法,然后将其解析为SubscriberMethod对象,以订阅的事件类型为key,SubscriberMethod对象为value的形式存入subscribedEvents中。
对于粘性事件的发送,其实与之后的一般事件执行逻辑相同,这里就不再深入了。
EventBus.getDefault().post(new MessageEvent("Hello everyone!"))
EventBus.post(Object event)
public void post(Object event) {
//从ThreadLocal中取出PostingThreadState对象,PostingThreadState对象只是保存一些消息发送过程中需要的信息
//使用ThreadLocal保证PostingThreadState对象在各线程间相互独立,以此实现线程安全
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
//从PostingThreadState对象中取出当前线程的消息队列,并将需要发送的消息加入队列中
List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
eventQueue.add(event);
if (!postingState.isPosting) {
postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
postingState.isPosting = true;
if (postingState.canceled) {
throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
}
try {
//开始遍历执行消息队列
while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
}
} finally {
//遍历结束,重置PostingThreadState对象
postingState.isPosting = false;
postingState.isMainThread = false;
}
}
}
在这段代码中,isMainThread()方法可以用来判断消息发送是否是在主线程中。其中的逻辑非常简单,通过Looper类中的getMainLooper()获取到主线程中的Looper对象,然后再通过Looper类中的myLooper()方法获取当前线程的Looper对象,然后相互比较。
EventBus.postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState)
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
//如果该消息支持事件继承,则获取该消息类型的所有父类与接口类型,并分别调用postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass)方法
if (eventInheritance) {
//获取消息类型的所有父类与接口
List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
//对于ArrayList而言,使用基本的for循环实现遍历效率更高
for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
}
} else {
subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
}
//如果该消息没有订阅者,则根据配置输出相应的log或发送消息
if (!subscriptionFound) {
if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
}
if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
}
}
}
EventBus.postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass)
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
synchronized (this) {
//从Map中将该消息的订阅事件列表取出
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
}
if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
postingState.event = event;
postingState.subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted = false;
try {
//将消息发送给订阅者
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
aborted = postingState.canceled;
} finally {
postingState.event = null;
postingState.subscription = null;
postingState.canceled = false;
}
if (aborted) {
break;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
这个方法的主要作用就是获得消息的订阅事件列表,完成对于postingState中参数的赋值,其中对于所有的订阅事件,使用的其实是同一个PostingThreadState对象,只是对于不同的订阅事件,会改变其中的部分参数的值。
EventBus.postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread)
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
case POSTING:
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case MAIN:
if (isMainThread) {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
} else {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
}
break;
case MAIN_ORDERED:
if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
// temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case BACKGROUND:
if (isMainThread) {
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case ASYNC:
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
}
}
在默认情况下,EventBus会在调用线程中直接执行invokeSubscriber方法调用订阅事件,但当调用线程与期望的执行线程不一致或希望异步调用时,使用Poster来进行不同线程间的调度,每一个Poster中都会持有一个消息队列,并在指定线程执行。
EventBus.invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event)
void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
try {
subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
//如果捕获到InvocationTargetException异常,则根据配置打印Log或发送异常消息
handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
}
}
这段代码也就是订阅事件执行部分的最后一段代码了,可以看到逻辑非常的简单,就是通过反射来执行相应的订阅事件。
总结
在上文的分析中可以看出,EventBus的主要逻辑非常简单,核心流程就是注册时先解析出带有相应注解的方法,然后将其的Method对象与其所订阅的消息类型绑定加入到一个集合中,然后发送消息时获取到消息类型所对应的订阅事件的Method对象,通过反射来调用执行。
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