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35. jquery 本地存储 cookie 的基本用法

35. jquery 本地存储 cookie 的基本用法

作者: Devops海洋的渔夫 | 来源:发表于2019-05-11 14:54 被阅读0次

    本地存储分为cookie,以及新增的localStorage和sessionStorage 。本篇章专门来讲讲 cookie

    cookie

    1、cookie 存储在本地,容量最大4k,在同源的http请求时携带传递,损耗带宽,可设置访问路径,只有此路径及此路径的子路径才能访问此cookie,在设置的过期时间之前有效。

    jquery如果需要使用cookie,则需要一个插件js才可以使用。

    已停止维护的Github地址:https://github.com/carhartl/jquery-cookie
    访问下载jquery的cookie插件:http://plugins.jquery.com/cookie/

    最新维护中的Github:https://github.com/js-cookie/js-cookie

    本次采用最新维护中的Github采用的js。

    Installation

    Direct download

    Download the script here and include it (unless you are packaging scripts somehow else):

    <script src="/path/to/js.cookie.js"></script>
    

    Or include it via jsDelivr CDN:

    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/js-cookie@2/src/js.cookie.min.js"></script>
    

    Do not include the script directly from GitHub (http://raw.github.com/...). The file is being served as text/plain and as such being blocked in Internet Explorer on Windows 7 for instance (because of the wrong MIME type). Bottom line: GitHub is not a CDN.

    在Github里面举例了很多的用法,如下:

    Basic Usage

    Create a cookie, valid across the entire site:

    Cookies.set('name', 'value');
    

    Create a cookie that expires 7 days from now, valid across the entire site:

    Cookies.set('name', 'value', { expires: 7 });
    

    Create an expiring cookie, valid to the path of the current page:

    Cookies.set('name', 'value', { expires: 7, path: '' });
    

    Read cookie:

    Cookies.get('name'); // => 'value'
    Cookies.get('nothing'); // => undefined
    

    Read all visible cookies:

    Cookies.get(); // => { name: 'value' }
    

    Note: It is not possible to read a particular cookie by passing one of the cookie attributes (which may or may not have been used when writing the cookie in question):

    Cookies.get('foo', { domain: 'sub.example.com' }); // `domain` won't have any effect...!
    

    The cookie with the name foo will only be available on .get() if it's visible from where the code is called; the domain and/or path attribute will not have an effect when reading.

    Delete cookie:

    Cookies.remove('name');
    

    Delete a cookie valid to the path of the current page:

    Cookies.set('name', 'value', { path: '' });
    Cookies.remove('name'); // fail!
    Cookies.remove('name', { path: '' }); // removed!
    

    IMPORTANT! When deleting a cookie and you're not relying on the default attributes, you must pass the exact same path and domain attributes that were used to set the cookie:

    Cookies.remove('name', { path: '', domain: '.yourdomain.com' });
    

    Note: Removing a nonexistent cookie does not raise any exception nor return any value.

    Namespace conflicts

    If there is any danger of a conflict with the namespace Cookies, the noConflict method will allow you to define a new namespace and preserve the original one. This is especially useful when running the script on third party sites e.g. as part of a widget or SDK.

    // Assign the js-cookie api to a different variable and restore the original "window.Cookies"
    var Cookies2 = Cookies.noConflict();
    Cookies2.set('name', 'value');
    

    Note: The .noConflict method is not necessary when using AMD or CommonJS, thus it is not exposed in those environments.

    JSON

    js-cookie provides unobtrusive JSON storage for cookies.

    When creating a cookie you can pass an Array or Object Literal instead of a string in the value. If you do so, js-cookie will store the string representation of the object according to JSON.stringify:

    Cookies.set('name', { foo: 'bar' });
    

    When reading a cookie with the default Cookies.get api, you receive the string representation stored in the cookie:

    Cookies.get('name'); // => '{"foo":"bar"}'
    
    Cookies.get(); // => { name: '{"foo":"bar"}' }
    

    When reading a cookie with the Cookies.getJSON api, you receive the parsed representation of the string stored in the cookie according to JSON.parse:

    Cookies.getJSON('name'); // => { foo: 'bar' }
    
    Cookies.getJSON(); // => { name: { foo: 'bar' } }
    

    Note: To support IE6-7 (and IE 8 compatibility mode) you need to include the JSON-js polyfill: https://github.com/douglascrockford/JSON-js

    看完上面的基础用法之后,这里来写上一个基础完整的cookie操作设置和读取的用例:
    注意:需要运行在服务器环境,就是例如使用nginx服务。直接html在浏览器访问是不会生成cookie的。

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title></title>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery/js.cookie.js"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript">
            $(function(){
    
                // alert('hello');
    
                // 设置cookie 过期时间为7天,存放在当前路径下
                Cookies.set('name', 'value', { expires: 7, path: '' });
                Cookies.set('cookie1', 'test_value1', { expires: 7, path: '' });
                Cookies.set('cookie2', 'test_value2', { expires: 7, path: '' });
    
            })
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>测试Cookies</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    访问浏览器如下:

    下面再来读取cookie,如下:

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <title></title>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery/js.cookie.js"></script>
        <script type="text/javascript">
            $(function(){
    
                // Read cookie:
                console.log( Cookies.get('name') ); // => 'value'
                console.log( Cookies.get('cookie1') ); // => test_value1
                console.log( Cookies.get('cookie2') ); // => test_value2
                console.log( Cookies.get('nothing') ); // => undefined
    
            })
        </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>测试Cookies</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    浏览器访问如下:

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