安装
# CRAN
install.packages("package_name")
# bioconductor
if (!requireNamespace("BiocManager", quietly = TRUE))
install.packages("BiocManager")
BiocManager::install("package_names")
# github
library("devtools")
install_github("github_user_name/package_name")
# local
devtools::install_local("path_to_package_file.zip")
升级
update.packages("package_names")
载入
library("package_names") # 如果不存在或缺少相关文件则会报错，程序停止运行
require("package_names") # 如果不存在或缺少相关文件不会报错而是警告，程序继续运行
character.only = TRUE参数可以使得这两个函数可以接受变量所代表的包名：
> a = "ggplot2"
> library(a)
Error in library(a) : there is no package called ‘a’
> library(a, character.only = TRUE)
>
suppressPackageStartupMessages函数使包加载信息不被显示
查看载入的所有包及信息
> sessionInfo()
R version 4.0.5 (2021-03-31)
Platform: x86_64-conda-linux-gnu (64-bit)
Running under: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.6 (Maipo)
Matrix products: default
BLAS/LAPACK: /sibcb2/bioinformatics2/wangjiahao/software/Miniconda3/envs/r-4.0/lib/libopenblasp-r0.3.10.so
locale:
[1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NUMERIC=C
[3] LC_TIME=en_US.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.UTF-8
[5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8
[7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8 LC_NAME=en_US.UTF-8
[9] LC_ADDRESS=en_US.UTF-8 LC_TELEPHONE=en_US.UTF-8
[11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_US.UTF-8
attached base packages:
[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
other attached packages:
[1] ggplot2_3.3.5 xlsx_0.6.5
loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] magrittr_2.0.1 tidyselect_1.1.1 munsell_0.5.0 colorspace_2.0-2
[5] R6_2.5.1 rlang_0.4.12 fansi_0.5.0 dplyr_1.0.7
[9] tools_4.0.5 grid_4.0.5 gtable_0.3.0 utf8_1.2.2
[13] DBI_1.1.1 withr_2.4.3 ellipsis_0.3.2 assertthat_0.2.1
[17] tibble_3.1.6 lifecycle_1.0.1 crayon_1.4.2 rJava_1.0-5
[21] purrr_0.3.4 vctrs_0.3.8 xlsxjars_0.6.1 glue_1.5.1
[25] compiler_4.0.5 pillar_1.6.4 generics_0.1.1 scales_1.1.1
[29] pkgconfig_2.0.3
> search()
[1] ".GlobalEnv" "package:ggplot2" "package:xlsx"
[4] "package:stats" "package:graphics" "package:grDevices"
[7] "package:utils" "package:datasets" "package:methods"
[10] "Autoloads" "package:base"
> print(.packages())
[1] "ggplot2" "xlsx" "stats" "graphics" "grDevices" "utils"
[7] "datasets" "methods" "base"
> packageVersion("ggplot2")
[1] ‘3.3.5’
查看包安装路径
> system.file(package = "ggplot2")
[1] "/sibcb2/bioinformatics2/wangjiahao/software/Miniconda3/envs/r-4.0/lib/R/library/ggplot2"
查看包详细信息
> packageDescription("ggplot2")
Package: ggplot2
Version: 3.3.5
Title: Create Elegant Data Visualisations Using the Grammar of Graphics
Description: A system for 'declaratively' creating graphics, based on
"The Grammar of Graphics". You provide the data, tell 'ggplot2'
how to map variables to aesthetics, what graphical primitives
to use, and it takes care of the details.
......
查看/切换库路径
> .Library # 保存默认路径
[1] "/sibcb2/bioinformatics2/wangjiahao/software/Miniconda3/envs/r-4.0/lib/R/library"
> .libPaths() # 切换路径
[1] "/sibcb2/bioinformatics2/wangjiahao/software/Miniconda3/envs/r-4.0/lib/R/library"
帮助
> help(ggplot2)
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