用 Python 教你制作
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查找电脑上隐藏文件的小工具
<bi style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block;">本篇阅读时间因人而异。</bi>
1
前言
从本篇文章开始,要分享给大家的是一些好玩、有用的东西了,偏向于实战,主要是为了帮大家慢慢建立编程思维,都是使用 Python 来实现的。
昨天晚上跟一个读者聊了许多,他初学的疑惑是看书能看懂,但是自己一上手,依然写不出来代码。
笔者这里对于有这样疑问的初学者给出的建议是,多动手,多练!写代码入门的注重点就是多多练习,真的没有别的快捷方法,光看是没用的,相信每个入门的程序员都是这么一步步过来的....除非你真的是有编程天赋的人,也就是所谓的记忆超群....过目不忘的那种!关于初学者多多练习这一点,不想在啰嗦了....
今天给大家分享的主题是:如何用 Python 实现一个查找电脑文件中隐藏文件的小工具,目的说过了,简单、实用、好玩,帮大家训练出编程思维。
下面进入正文。
2
小项目演示成果
在看之前,先要了解 windows 下隐藏文件如何配置:
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用电脑干过坏事的小朋友们都知道,隐藏文件的重要性
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555054510632" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
!于是笔者创建了许多许多目录以及自建了几个文件:
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接下来,有了隐藏文件以后,来看下用 Python 写的小程序,最终达到一个什么样的效果:
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555054510638 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image <input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image> <tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555054510641 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image <input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image> <tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555054510645 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image <input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image> <tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555054510650 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
emmm.....大致呢,就两个按钮,一个文本框,你输入地址路径后,然后点击执行,会弹出提示框,是否执行,点是,就会开始扫描你电脑路径下的隐藏文件了!如果没有隐藏文件,只会输出一句,搜索完毕!最终将路径显示在最下面的只读文本框里,可以进行下拉,同时可以对路径进行复制。
3
代码讲解
1.环境
首先说下涉及到的 Python 第三方库。涉及到一个pywin32,使用此库可以使 Python 程序方便调用 Windows 的东西。
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">pip install pywin32
</pre>
<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
剩下用到的库都是 Python 内置自带的,所以省事儿!用到的有:
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import os # 对接操作系统的import win32file # 安装好 pywin32 后即可 ,操作windows的import win32con # 安装好 pywin32 后即可 ,操作windows的import platform # 判断电脑系统是什么系统import tkinter as tk # 图形化界面的库
</pre>
2.核心代码
核心代码一,判断文件是否为隐藏文件:
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">def is_hidden_file(self, file_path): """ 判断 windows 系统下,文件是否为隐藏文件,是则返回 True """ if 'Windows' in platform.system(): file_attr = win32file.GetFileAttributes(file_path) if file_attr & win32con.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN: return True return False return False
</pre>
判断 windows 文件是否是隐藏文件,先判断电脑系统是否是 Windows ,若不是直接返回 False。
然后用 win32file、win32con 模块进行运算,结果返回非0说明是文件是隐藏类型。
运算的原理则是下图,手机可以点开放大看:
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555054510662 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
核心代码二,递归遍历:
<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">def iter_files(self, root_dir): """ 遍历文件夹根目录 """ for root, dirs, files in os.walk(root_dir): for file in files: file_name = os.path.join(root, file) if self.is_hidden_file(file_name): self.listbox.insert(tk.END, file_name) # 将路径填充到 listbox 控件上去 for dirname in dirs: # 递归调用自身,只改变目录名称 self.iter_files(dirname)
</pre>
使用 os.walk() 可以获得路径的文件夹,以及文件。对多个文件files进行遍历,拿到单个文件进行判断是否为隐藏文件,调用核心代码一;拿到多个文件夹,循环得到单个文件夹,若是文件夹,调用自身即可,这一过程就叫递归。
递归可以理解为无限调用自己,举个栗子,盗梦空间大家看过吧,其中男主比较会玩,电影中涉及到了一层梦境,二层梦境,三层梦境,四层梦境。
<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555054510674 ql-align-center" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; text-align: left; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>
四层梦境建立在三层上,三层在二层上,二层在一层上。这其实就是一个递归的过程,一层可以看做最外层,而四层则是最内层,当符合一定条件时,内层梦境则会打破,回到上一层梦境,以此类推。。。
回到咱们的代码中,递归目录时就像盗梦空间一样,只要是目录,则调用自身,直到最底层没有目录,是文件时,则进行文件的处理操作,操作完,返回到上一层目录,以此类推。。。
核心代码就这么两段儿,非常短!~而关于界面的代码就不介绍了,主要就是自己看 tkinter 官方文档,复制粘贴即可,很容易理解。
4
总结
要说这个小项目的实际意义在哪里呢?前面说过了,主要是帮助大家提升自己的编程思维,而对于 Windows 系统的电脑来说,确实是个很 “hack” 的小工具,比如你可以用这个工具专门去快速的获取别人电脑的隐私资料,只有隐私资料,才会被设置成隐藏!至于这个隐私程度,你懂的!~
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具体的隐私文件是什么内容还取决于人嘛~
这个小工具,尚且还不完善,比如系统方面,仅仅支持 Windows 系统,不兼容 Linux 或是 Mac OS 系统,但是当一个练手的小项目足矣!
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