这次这本书的体系性，确实比较全面，以后应该经常翻翻的。嗯，应该买一本收藏，变成枕边书之一吧。
一，set命令及属性设置
image.png
image.png
image.png
练习
[root@127 tmp]# set -o
allexport off
braceexpand on
emacs on
errexit off
errtrace off
functrace off
hashall on
histexpand on
history on
ignoreeof off
interactive-comments on
keyword off
monitor on
noclobber off
noexec off
noglob off
nolog off
notify off
nounset off
onecmd off
physical off
pipefail off
posix off
privileged off
verbose off
vi off
xtrace off
[root@127 tmp]# shopt
autocd off
cdable_vars off
cdspell off
checkhash off
checkjobs off
checkwinsize on
cmdhist on
compat31 off
compat32 off
compat40 off
compat41 off
direxpand off
dirspell off
dotglob off
execfail off
expand_aliases on
extdebug off
extglob on
extquote on
failglob off
force_fignore on
globstar off
gnu_errfmt off
histappend on
histreedit off
histverify off
hostcomplete on
huponexit off
interactive_comments on
lastpipe off
lithist off
login_shell on
mailwarn off
no_empty_cmd_completion off
nocaseglob off
nocasematch off
nullglob off
progcomp on
promptvars on
restricted_shell off
shift_verbose off
sourcepath on
syslog_history off
xpg_echo off
[root@127 tmp]# test=123
[root@127 tmp]# bash
[root@127 tmp]# echo $test
[root@127 tmp]# exit
exit
[root@127 tmp]# set -a
[root@127 tmp]# test=123
[root@127 tmp]# bash
[root@127 tmp]# echo $test
123
[root@127 tmp]# exit
exit
[root@127 tmp]# set +a
[root@127 tmp]# echo {a..c}
a b c
[root@127 tmp]# set +B
[root@127 tmp]# echo {a..c}
{a..c}
[root@127 tmp]# set -B
[root@127 tmp]# vim errexit.sh
[root@127 tmp]# bash errexit.sh
useradd: user 'root' already exists
[root@127 tmp]# cat errexit.sh
#!/bin/bash
# 功能描述：通过set -e设置命令返回非0状态时，脚本直接退出
set -e
useradd root
echo "123456" |passwd --stdin root
echo "已经将root密码修改为：123456."
[root@127 tmp]# ls
11.conf 22.conf 33.conf a.sh a.txt A.txt b.sh b.txt B.txt conf.log c.sh errexit.sh filebak.sh passwd sh.log
[root@127 tmp]# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 08:00:27:cd:f9:49 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: br-b237cf9cdae2: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 02:42:9b:b4:8a:d4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: br-cdb6d62bd945: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 02:42:9f:0b:6c:48 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
5: br-00b2bd0ce722: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 02:42:6c:11:9c:e5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: br-4ad1628686bb: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 02:42:b3:53:7f:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
7: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 02:42:27:f9:76:c4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8: br-6195062f933e: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 02:42:63:f3:04:ea brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
9: br-6ef894cc54be: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 02:42:fb:56:76:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
10: br-975568a34e5f: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default
link/ether 02:42:33:ef:8a:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@127 tmp]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072
docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64 Docker CE Stable - x86_64 193
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,730
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 515
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 206
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 94
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 581
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 4,538
repolist: 29,929
[root@127 tmp]# hash
hits command
2 /usr/bin/basename
3 /usr/bin/bash
1 /usr/bin/du
1 /usr/bin/rm
2 /usr/bin/vim
2 /usr/bin/dirname
5 /usr/bin/cat
7 /usr/bin/touch
2 /usr/bin/yum
1 /usr/bin/paste
1 /usr/bin/mkdir
1 /usr/bin/wc
12 /usr/bin/ls
1 /usr/bin/tree
1 /usr/sbin/ip
[root@127 tmp]# ls
11.conf 22.conf 33.conf a.sh a.txt A.txt b.sh b.txt B.txt conf.log c.sh errexit.sh filebak.sh passwd sh.log
[root@127 tmp]# ls
11.conf 22.conf 33.conf a.sh a.txt A.txt b.sh b.txt B.txt conf.log c.sh errexit.sh filebak.sh passwd sh.log
[root@127 tmp]# ls
11.conf 22.conf 33.conf a.sh a.txt A.txt b.sh b.txt B.txt conf.log c.sh errexit.sh filebak.sh passwd sh.log
[root@127 tmp]# hash
hits command
2 /usr/bin/basename
3 /usr/bin/bash
1 /usr/bin/du
1 /usr/bin/rm
2 /usr/bin/vim
2 /usr/bin/dirname
5 /usr/bin/cat
7 /usr/bin/touch
2 /usr/bin/yum
1 /usr/bin/paste
1 /usr/bin/mkdir
1 /usr/bin/wc
15 /usr/bin/ls
1 /usr/bin/tree
1 /usr/sbin/ip
[root@127 tmp]# set +h
[root@127 tmp]# set -h
[root@127 tmp]# !yum
yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072
docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64 Docker CE Stable - x86_64 193
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,730
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 515
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 206
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 94
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 581
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 4,538
repolist: 29,929
[root@127 tmp]# set +H
[root@127 tmp]# !yum
-bash: !yum: command not found
[root@127 tmp]# !yum -H
-bash: !yum: command not found
[root@127 tmp]# set -H
[root@127 tmp]# !yum
yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072
docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64 Docker CE Stable - x86_64 193
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,730
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 515
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 206
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 94
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 581
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 4,538
repolist: 29,929
[root@127 tmp]# vim nounset.sh
[root@127 tmp]# bash nounset.sh
nounset.sh: line 5: $1: unbound variable
[root@127 tmp]# cat nounset.sh
#!/bin/bash
# 功能描述：通过设置nounset属性，防止变量未定义导致的意外错误出现
set -u
useradd $1
echo "$2" |passwd --stdin $1
二，shopt属性及设置
image.png
练习
[root@127 tmp]# hello=/etc
[root@127 tmp]# cd hello
-bash: cd: hello: No such file or directory
[root@127 tmp]# shopt -s cdable_vars
[root@127 tmp]# cd hello
/etc
[root@127 etc]# shopt -u cdable_vars
[root@127 etc]# cd /ect
-bash: cd: /ect: No such file or directory
[root@127 etc]# shopt -s cdspell
[root@127 etc]# cd /ect
/etc
[root@127 etc]# cd /etcc
/etc
[root@127 etc]# cd /ettc
/etc
[root@127 etc]# cd /ettcc
-bash: cd: /ettcc: No such file or directory
[root@127 etc]# shopt -u cdspell
[root@127 etc]# cd /ettc
-bash: cd: /ettc: No such file or directory
[root@127 etc]# for i in {1..3}
> do
> echo $i
> done
1
2
3
[root@127 etc]# history |tail -2
1240 for i in {1..3}; do echo $i; done
1241 history |tail -2
[root@127 etc]# shopt -u cmdhist
[root@127 etc]# for i in 8 9
> do
> echo $i
> done
8
9
[root@127 etc]# history |tail -10
1238 shopt -u cdspell
1239 cd /ettc
1240 for i in {1..3}; do echo $i; done
1241 history |tail -2
1242 shopt -u cmdhist
1243 for i in 8 9
1244 do
1245 echo $i
1246 done
1247 history |tail -10
[root@127 etc]# shopt -s cmdlist
-bash: shopt: cmdlist: invalid shell option name
[root@127 etc]# shopt -s cmdhist
三，使用tput命令查看和设置命令行终端属性
练习
[root@127 etc]# tput cols
122
[root@127 etc]# tput lines
15
[root@127 etc]# tput clear
[root@127 etc]# tput cup 10 20
[root@127 etc]#
[root@127 etc]#
[root@127 etc]# tput cup 20 10
[root@127 etc]#
[root@127 etc]# tput sc
[root@127 etc]# ls
adjtime exports libnl popt.d skel
aliases favicon.png libuser.conf postfix snmp
aliases.db filesystems locale.conf ppp ssh
alternatives firewalld localtime prelink.conf.d ssl
anacrontab fonts login.defs printcap statetab
asound.conf fstab logrotate.conf profile statetab.d
audisp gcrypt logrotate.d profile.d subgid
audit gdbinit lvm protocols subgid-
bash_completion.d gdbinit.d machine-id python subuid
bashrc glvnd magic rc0.d subuid-
binfmt.d gnupg mailcap rc1.d subversion
cacti GREP_COLORS makedumpfile.conf.sample rc2.d sudo.conf
centos-release groff man_db.conf rc3.d sudoers
centos-release-upstream group mime.types rc4.d sudoers.d
chkconfig.d group- mke2fs.conf rc5.d sudo-ldap.conf
containerd grub2.cfg modprobe.d rc6.d sysconfig
cron.d grub.d modules-load.d rc.d sysctl.conf
cron.daily gshadow motd rc.local sysctl.d
cron.deny gshadow- mtab redhat-release systemd
cron.hourly gss my.cnf redis.conf system-release
cron.monthly host.conf my.cnf.d redis-sentinel.conf system-release-cpe
crontab hostname NetworkManager resolv.conf tcsd.conf
cron.weekly hosts networks resolv.conf.IOQFK1 telegraf
crypttab hosts.allow nsswitch.conf resolv.conf.save terminfo
csh.cshrc hosts.deny nsswitch.conf.bak rpc timezone
csh.login httpd ntp rpm tmpfiles.d
dbus-1 init.d ntp.conf rsyncd.conf tuned
default inittab openldap rsyslog.conf udev
depmod.d inputrc opt rsyslog.d vconsole.conf
dhcp iproute2 os-release rwtab vimrc
DIR_COLORS issue pam.d rwtab.d virc
DIR_COLORS.256color issue.net passwd sasl2 wgetrc
DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor kdump.conf passwd- securetty wpa_supplicant
docker kernel php.d security X11
dracut.conf krb5.conf php.ini selinux xdg
dracut.conf.d krb5.conf.d pkcs11 services xinetd.d
e2fsck.conf ld.so.cache pki sestatus.conf yum
egl welcome ld.so.conf plymouth shadow yum.conf
environment ld.so.conf.d pm shadow- yum.repos.d
ethertypeswelcome libaudit.conf polkit-1 shells
[root@127 etc]# tput sc; tput cup 10 10;echo "welcome"; tput rc
[root@127 etc]# tput rc
[root@127 etc]# tput sc; tput cup 10 10;echo "welcome"; tput rc
[root@127 etc]# tput civis
[root@127 etc]# tput cnorm
[root@127 etc]# tput civis
[root@127 etc]# tput civis
[root@127 etc]# tput cnorm
[root@127 etc]# tput blink
[root@127 etc]# tput bold
[root@127 etc]# tput rev
[root@127 etc]# tput -blink
tput: invalid option -- 'b'
usage: tput [-V] [-S] [-T term] capname
[root@127 etc]# tput sgr0
[root@127 etc]# echo "hello"
hello
[root@127 etc]# echo "save screen"
save screen
[root@127 etc]# tput smcup
[root@127 etc]# tput sgr0
[root@127 etc]# reset
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