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SpringBoot系列之异步任务@Async使用教程

SpringBoot系列之异步任务@Async使用教程

作者: smileNicky | 来源:发表于2020-07-20 13:00 被阅读0次

    @TOC

    例子翻译自国外的两篇博客:

    实验环境准备

    • JDK 1.8
    • SpringBoot2.2.1
    • Maven 3.2+
    • 开发工具
      • IntelliJ IDEA
      • smartGit

    创建一个SpringBoot Initialize项目,详情可以参考我之前博客:SpringBoot系列之快速创建项目教程

    pom.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
            <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
        </parent>
        <groupId>com.example.springboot</groupId>
        <artifactId>springboot-async</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <name>springboot-async</name>
        <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
        <properties>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    
    </project>
    
    

    github用户信息类

    @JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true),将这个注解写在类上之后,就会忽略类中不存在的字段,可以满足当前的需要。

    package com.example.springboot.async.bean;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
    import lombok.Data;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    /**
     * <pre>
     *  用户信息实体类
     *  Copy @ https://spring.io/guides/gs/async-method/
     * </pre>
     *
     * <pre>
     * 修改记录
     *    修改后版本:     修改人:  修改日期: 2020/07/20 10:14  修改内容:
     * </pre>
     */
    @JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
    @Data
    public class User implements Serializable {
    
        private String name;
        private String blog;
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "User{" +
                    "name='" + name + '\'' +
                    ", blog='" + blog + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }
    
    

    异步任务配置类

    可以实现AsyncConfigurerSupport 类,也可以使用@Bean(name = "threadPoolTaskExecutor")的方法,这里定义了线程池的配置

    package com.example.springboot.async.config;
    
    import com.example.springboot.async.exception.CustomAsyncExceptionHandler;
    import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurerSupport;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
    
    /**
     * <pre>
     *  AsyncConfiguration
     *  Copy @https://spring.io/guides/gs/async-method/
     * </pre>
     *
     * <pre>
     * 修改记录
     *    修改后版本:     修改人:  修改日期: 2020/07/20 10:12  修改内容:
     * </pre>
     */
    @Configuration
    @EnableAsync
    public class AsyncConfiguration extends AsyncConfigurerSupport  {
    
        @Override
        public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
            ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
            executor.setCorePoolSize(2);
            executor.setMaxPoolSize(2);
            executor.setQueueCapacity(500);
            executor.setThreadNamePrefix("GithubLookup-");
            executor.initialize();
            return executor;
        }
    
        /*@Bean(name = "threadPoolTaskExecutor")
        public Executor threadPoolTaskExecutor() {
            return new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
        }*/
    
      
    }
    
    

    查询github用户信息业务类

    使用Future获得异步执行结果时,要么调用阻塞方法get(),要么轮询看isDone()是否为true,这两种方法都不是很好,因为主线程也会被迫等待。

    在Java8中,CompletableFuture提供了非常强大的Future的扩展功能,可以帮助我们简化异步编程的复杂性,并且提供了函数式编程的能力,可以通过回调的方式处理计算结果,也提供了转换和组合 CompletableFuture 的方法。

    package com.example.springboot.async.service;
    
    import com.example.springboot.async.bean.User;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
    import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
    import java.util.concurrent.Future;
    
    /**
     * <pre>
     *  GitHubLookupService
     * copy @https://spring.io/guides/gs/async-method/
     * </pre>
     *
     * <pre>
     * 修改记录
     *    修改后版本:     修改人:  修改日期: 2020/07/20 10:18  修改内容:
     * </pre>
     */
    @Service
    public class GitHubLookupService {
    
        private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GitHubLookupService.class);
    
        private final RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        public GitHubLookupService(RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder) {
            this.restTemplate = restTemplateBuilder.build();
        }
    
        @Async
        //@Async("threadPoolTaskExecutor")
        public Future<User> findUser(String user) throws InterruptedException {
            LOG.info("Looking up " + user);
            String url = String.format("https://api.github.com/users/%s", user);
            User results = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
            // Artificial delay of 1s for demonstration purposes
            Thread.sleep(1000L);
            return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(results);
        }
    
    }
    
    

    启动测试类实现

    实现CommandLineRunner 接口,SpringBoot启动时候,会自动调用,也可以用@Order指定执行顺序

    package com.example.springboot.async.service;
    
    import com.example.springboot.async.bean.User;
    import org.slf4j.Logger;
    import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import java.util.concurrent.Future;
    
    /**
     * <pre>
     *  CommandLineRunner
     *  Copy @https://spring.io/guides/gs/async-method/
     * </pre>
     *
     * <pre>
     * 修改记录
     *    修改后版本:     修改人:  修改日期: 2020/07/20 10:25  修改内容:
     * </pre>
     */
    @Component
    public class AppRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
    
        private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AppRunner.class);
    
        @Autowired
        GitHubLookupService gitHubLookupService;
    
        @Override
        public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
            // Start the clock
            long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    
            // Kick of multiple, asynchronous lookups
            Future<User> page1 = gitHubLookupService.findUser("PivotalSoftware");
            Future<User> page2 = gitHubLookupService.findUser("CloudFoundry");
            Future<User> page3 = gitHubLookupService.findUser("Spring-Projects");
    
            // Wait until they are all done
            while (!(page1.isDone() && page2.isDone() && page3.isDone())) {
                Thread.sleep(10); //10-millisecond pause between each check
            }
    
            // Print results, including elapsed time
            logger.info("Elapsed time: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
            logger.info("--> " + page1.get());
            logger.info("--> " + page2.get());
            logger.info("--> " + page3.get());
        }
    }
    
    

    自定义异步任务异常

    当方法返回类型为Future时,异常处理很容易– Future.get()方法将引发异常。但是,如果返回类型为void,则异常不会传播到调用线程。因此,我们需要添加额外的配置来处理异常。我们将通过实现AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler接口来创建自定义异步异常处理程序。

    package com.example.springboot.async.exception;
    
    import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;
    
    import java.lang.reflect.Method;
    
    /**
     * <pre>
     *  Copy @ https://www.baeldung.com/spring-async
     * </pre>
     *
     * <pre>
     * 修改记录
     *    修改后版本:     修改人:  修改日期: 2020/07/20 11:08  修改内容:
     * </pre>
     */
    public class CustomAsyncExceptionHandler implements AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler  {
    
        @Override
        public void handleUncaughtException(
                Throwable throwable, Method method, Object... obj) {
            System.out.println("Exception message - " + throwable.getMessage());
            System.out.println("Method name - " + method.getName());
            for (Object param : obj) {
                System.out.println("Parameter value - " + param);
            }
        }
    }
    
    

    需要重写getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler()方法以返回我们的自定义异步异常处理程序

    @Configuration
    @EnableAsync
    public class AsyncConfiguration extends AsyncConfigurerSupport  {
    
        // ...
    
        @Override
        public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {
            return new CustomAsyncExceptionHandler();
        }
    }
    

    启动之后,可以看到如下信息,因为是多线程方式,所以都不是在main线程里的,异步执行的


    在这里插入图片描述

    如果注释@Async注解,再次启动,会发现都在main主线程里执行程序


    在这里插入图片描述

    代码例子下载:code download

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