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scent and culture

scent and culture

作者: 俗世尘沙 | 来源:发表于2022-05-11 07:16 被阅读0次

    正文

    Around the world, people like (and dislike) the same scents

    世界各地的人们,对气味的喜恶大同小异

    Artin Arshamian, a neuroscientist at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and Asifa Majid, a psychologist at the University of Oxford, began with the expectation that culture would play an important role in determining pleasant smells.

    起初,瑞典卡罗琳学院的神经科学家阿廷·阿尔沙米,以及牛津大学的心理学家阿西法·马吉德都认为,在人们判定气味好闻与否的过程中,文化因素会起到举足轻重的作用。

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    To study how scent and culture relate, Dr Arshamian and Dr Majid presented nine different groups of people with ten odours. These varied from pleasant-smelling vanilla extract to isovaleric acid, the chemical responsible for the revolting scent of stinky socks. The cultures doing the smelling varied widely too.

    为了研究气味偏好与社会文化之间的关系,阿尔沙米博士和马吉德博士给 9 组实验参与者提供了 10 种气味。其中香臭俱备:既有宜人的香草精,也有熏人的化学物异戊酸(袜子的恶臭就是拜它所赐)。同时,实验参与者各自的文化背景,也不尽相同。

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    Writing in "Current Biology" this week, the researchers noted that pleasantness rankings of the odours were remarkably consistent regardless of where people came from.

    本周,两位研究人员在《当代生物学》发表的文章中强调:不论人们来自何种生活环境,他们排列气味好闻程度的先后顺序,都惊人地一致。

    Overall, the chemical composition of the odourants that the researchers presented explained 41% of the reactions that participants had. In contrast, cultural upbringing accounted for just 6% of the results.

    总体而言,研究人员提供的气味的化学成分可以解释实验参与者 41% 的反应。相比之下,参与者生长的文化环境,对结果产生的影响,仅占 6%。

    Dr Arshamian and Dr Majid point out that this is very different from how visual perception of faces works — in that case a person's culture accounts for up to 50% of the explanation for which faces they find beautiful.

    阿尔沙米博士和马吉德博士指出,这一点与视觉感知颜值高低的原理大相径庭——当人们在选择符合各自审美的长相时,高达 50% 的影响因素都源于他们的文化背景。

    Even so, the researchers did find an "eye of the beholder" effect. Randomness, which Dr Arshamian and Dr Majid suggest has to be coming from personal preferences learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54% of the variance in which smells people liked. "Olfactory bulb of the beholder" does not slip off the tongue so easily but it too appears to be a real phenomenon.

    不过话虽如此,研究人员们也确实注意到了“情人眼里出西施”的效应。实验参与者们喜爱的气味各不相同,其中有 54% 的差异都呈现随机性。两位博士认为,这种随机性,肯定来自于人们的个人偏好,而这些偏好却是源于各自文化之外的地方。“情人鼻里出香屁”这种口误肯定是不常见的,但这种现象是确有其事、有迹可循的。

    主编:Bao、李李亚

    品控:Pita、Jodie

    审核:Jack

    重点词汇

    scent

    /sent/

    n. 气味;香味

    近义词:smell

    neuroscientist

    /ˌnjʊə.rəʊˈsaɪən.tɪst/

    n. 神经科学家

    相关词汇:scientist(n. 科学家)

    词根词缀:neuro-(表示“与神经(系统)有关的”)

    相关词汇:neurosurgeon(n. 神经外科医生)

    相关词汇:surgeon(n. 外科医生)

    odour

    /ˈoʊ.dɚ/

    n. 气味

    近义词:scent

    vanilla extract

    香草精

    相关词汇:vanilla(adj. 香草味的)

    搭配短语:vanilla latte; vanilla ice-cream

    相关词汇:extract(n. 提取物)

    词根词缀:ex-(表示“往外的”)

    相关词汇:tract(v. 拖,拉)

    词义拓展:extract(v. 提取,提炼)

    近义词:pull, draw

    搭配短语:natural plant extracts

    revolting

    /rɪˈvoʊl.tɪŋ/

    adj. 令人作呕的,极其讨厌的

    反义词:pleasant

    英文释义:extremely unpleasant

    近义词:disgusting

    搭配短语:a revolting color of rotting vegetables

    搭配短语:a revolting habit

    stinky

    /ˈstɪŋ.ki/

    adj. 难闻的,有臭味的

    相关词汇:stink(n. 恶臭)

    近义词:smelly

    remarkably

    /rɪˈmɑːr.kə.bli/

    adv. 惊人地

    近义词:significantly, considerably, surprisingly

    consistent

    /kənˈsɪs.tənt/

    adj. 与......一致的;相符的,符合的

    英文释义:always behaving in the same way

    例句:His / her action is always consistent with his / her words.

    regardless of

    无论......

    composition

    /ˌkɑːm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

    n. 组成,构成

    相关词汇:compose(v. 组成)

    词义拓展:compose(v. 写诗;谱曲)

    搭配短语:compose a letter / poem

    搭配短语:compose music

    搭配短语:be composed of

    近义词:consist of

    例句:Life is composed of lights and shadows.

    odourant

    /ˈoʊ.dɚr.ənt/

    n. 带有香气的事物

    相关词汇:odour(n. 气味)

    词根词缀:-ant(表示“做某事的人;带着某种特征的事物”)

    相关词汇:servant(n. 仆人)

    相关词汇:serve(v. 服务)

    相关词汇:assistant(n. 助手)

    相关词汇:assist(v. 帮助)

    upbringing

    /ˈʌpˌbrɪŋ.ɪŋ/

    adj. 抚育,养育;教养,培养

    相关词汇:up(adv. / prep. 向上,往上)

    相关词汇:bring(v. 带)

    perception

    /pɚ-ˈsep.ʃən/

    n. 感觉,感知

    相关词汇:perceive(v. 注意,察觉)

    搭配短语:the perception of pain

    英文释义:the sense of sight

    eye of the beholder

    “情人眼里出西施”

    相关词汇:beholder(n. 观众,观看者;旁观者)

    相关词汇:behold(v. 看,注视)

    近义词:see

    例句:He / She was a joy to behold.

    词根词缀:-er(指“人”)

    近义词:observer, watcher

    例句:Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

    randomness

    /ˈræn.dəm.nəs/

    n. 随机;(统计学层面)偏差

    相关词汇:random(adj. 随机的)

    variance

    /ˈveə.ri.əns/

    n. 差异;矛盾

    相关词汇:vary(v. 变化)

    近义词:difference

    slip off the tongue

    口误

    相关词汇:slip(v. 滑倒)

    相关词汇:tongue(n. 舌头)

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