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手动实现自己的ORM框架

手动实现自己的ORM框架

作者: 昨日已逝去 | 来源:发表于2019-01-29 15:56 被阅读34次

    手动实现自己的ORM框架

    一、Mybatis框架流程简介

    image1

    二、梳理自己的Mybatis的设计思路

    根据上文Mybatis流程,我简化了下,分为以下步骤:

    image2

    1.读取xml文件,建立连接

    文件,它具有性能优异和非常方便使用的特点。从图中可以看出,MyConfiguration负责与人交互。待读取xml后,
    将属性和连接数据库的操作封装在MyConfiguration对象中供后面的组件调用。本文将使用dom4j来读取xml。

    2.创建SqlSession,搭建Configuration和Executor之间的桥梁

    我们经常在使用框架时看到Session,Session到底是什么呢?一个Session仅拥有一个对应的数据库连接。类似
    于一个前段请求Request,它可以直接调用exec(SQL)来执行SQL语句。从流程图中的箭头可以看出,
    MySqlSession的成员变量中必须得有MyExecutor和MyConfiguration去集中做调配,箭头就像是一种关联关系。
    我们自己的MySqlSession将有一个getMapper方法,然后使用动态代理生成对象后,就可以做数据库的操作了。

    3.创建Executor,封装JDBC操作数据库

    Executor是一个执行器,负责SQL语句的生成和查询缓存(缓存还没完成)的维护,
    也就是jdbc的代码将在这里完成,不过本文只实现了单表,有兴趣的同学可以尝试完成多表。

    4.创建MapperProxy,使用动态代理生成Mapper对象

    我们只是希望对指定的接口生成一个对象,使得执行它的时候能运行一句sql罢了,而接口无法直接调用方法,
    所以这里使用动态代理生成对象,在执行时还是回到MySqlSession中调用查询,最终由MyExecutor做JDBC查询。
    这样设计是为了单一职责,可扩展性更强。

    三、实现自己的Mybatis

    工程文件及目录:


    image.png

    首先,新建一个maven项目,在pom.xml中导入以下依赖

        <properties>
            <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
            <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
            <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
            <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        </properties>
    
        <dependencies>
            <!-- 读取xml文件 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>dom4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
                <version>1.6.1</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- MySQL -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.29</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    

    创建我们的数据库xml配置文件config.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <configuration>
        <database>
            <property name="driverClassName">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
            <property name="url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8</property>
            <property name="username">root</property>
            <property name="password">root</property>
        </database>
        <mappers>
            <mapper resource="mappers/UserMapper.xml"></mapper>
        </mappers>
    </configuration>
    

    然后在数据库创建test库,执行如下SQL语句:

    CREATE TABLE `user` (
      `id` int NOT NULL,
      `password` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
      `username` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    INSERT INTO `test`.`user` (`id`, `password`, `username`) VALUES (1, '123456', 'liugh');
    

    创建User实体类,和UserMapper接口和对应的xml文件:

    public class User {
    
        private int id;
        private String username;
        private String password;
        //省略get set方法
    }
    
    public interface UserMapper {
    
         User getUserById(int id);
    }
    
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <mapper nameSpace="com.zwd.orm.mapper.UserMapper">
        <select id="getUserById" resultType ="com.zwd.orm.domain.User">
            select * from user where id = ?
        </select>
    </mapper>
    

    基本操作配置完成,接下来我们开始实现MyConfiguration:

    package com.zwd.orm.configuration;
    
    import org.dom4j.Document;
    import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
    import org.dom4j.Element;
    import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
    
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.sql.Connection;
    import java.sql.DriverManager;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.List;
    
    public class MyConfiguration {
    
        private static ClassLoader loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
    
        public static List<String> mapperList = new ArrayList<>();
    
        /**
         * 读取xml信息并处理
         */
    
        public Connection build(String resource) {
    
            try {
                InputStream stream = loader.getResourceAsStream(resource);
                SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
                Document document = reader.read(stream);
                Element root = document.getRootElement();
                return evalDataSource(root);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("error occured while evaling xml " + resource);
            }
        }
    
        private Connection evalDataSource(Element node) throws ClassNotFoundException {
            Iterator iterator = node.elementIterator();
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                Element element = (Element) iterator.next();
                if (element.getName().equals("database")) {
                    return getDataBase(element);
                }
            }
            throw new RuntimeException("配置文件中没有找到database");
    
        }
    
        private Connection getDataBase(Element element) throws ClassNotFoundException {
            String driverClassName = null;
            String url = null;
            String username = null;
            String password = null;
            //获取属性节点
            for (Object item : element.elements("property")) {
                Element i = (Element) item;
                String value = getValue(i);
                String name = i.attributeValue("name");
                if (name == null || value == null) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("[database]: <property> should contain name and value");
                }
                //赋值
                switch (name) {
                    case "url":
                        url = value;
                        break;
                    case "username":
                        username = value;
                        break;
                    case "password":
                        password = value;
                        break;
                    case "driverClassName":
                        driverClassName = value;
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw new RuntimeException("[database]: <property> unknown name");
                }
            }
    
            Class.forName(driverClassName);
            Connection connection = null;
            try {
                //建立数据库链接
                connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return connection;
        }
    
        //获取property属性的值,如果有value值,则读取 没有设置value,则读取内容
        private String getValue(Element node) {
            return node.hasContent() ? node.getText() : node.attributeValue("value");
        }
    
    
        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
        public MapperBean readMapper(String path) {
            MapperBean mapper = new MapperBean();
            try {
                InputStream stream = loader.getResourceAsStream(path);
                SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
                Document document = reader.read(stream);
                Element root = document.getRootElement();
                mapper.setInterfaceName(root.attributeValue("nameSpace").trim()); //把mapper节点的nameSpace值存为接口名
                List<Function> list = new ArrayList<Function>(); //用来存储方法的List
                for (Iterator rootIter = root.elementIterator(); rootIter.hasNext(); ) {//遍历根节点下所有子节点
                    Function fun = new Function();    //用来存储一条方法的信息
                    Element e = (Element) rootIter.next();
                    String sqltype = e.getName().trim();
                    String funcName = e.attributeValue("id").trim();
                    String sql = e.getText().trim();
                    String resultType = e.attributeValue("resultType").trim();
                    fun.setSqltype(sqltype);
                    fun.setFuncName(funcName);
                    Object newInstance = null;
                    try {
                        newInstance = Class.forName(resultType).newInstance();
                    } catch (InstantiationException e1) {
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    } catch (IllegalAccessException e1) {
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e1) {
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    fun.setResultType(newInstance);
                    fun.setSql(sql);
                    list.add(fun);
                }
                mapper.setList(list);
    
            } catch (DocumentException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return mapper;
        }
    
         /**
         * 获取配置文件中需要加载的xml
         * @param configpath
         * @return
         */
        public List<String> getAllMapper(String configpath) {
            InputStream stream = loader.getResourceAsStream(configpath);
            SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
            Document document = null;
            try {
                document = reader.read(stream);
            } catch (DocumentException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("error occured while evaling xml " + configpath);
            }
            Element root = document.getRootElement();
            Iterator iterator = root.elementIterator();
    
            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
               Element element =(Element) iterator.next();
    
               if (element.getName().equals("mappers")) {
                   Iterator iterator1 = element.elementIterator();
                   while (iterator1.hasNext()) {
                       Element element1 = (Element)iterator1.next();
                       String resource = element1.attributeValue("resource").trim();
                       mapperList.add(resource);
                   }
               }
            }
            return mapperList;
        }
    
    }
    
    

    用面向对象的思想设计读取xml配置后:

    
    public class MapperBean {
    
        private String interfaceName;  //接口名
    
        private List<Function> list; //接口下所有方法
        //省略set get方法
    }
    

    Function对象包括sql的类型、方法名、sql语句、返回类型和参数类型。

    
    public class Function {
    
        private String sqltype;
        private String funcName;
        private String sql;
        private Object resultType;
        private String parameterType;
        // 省略set get方法
    }
    

    接下来实现我们的MySqlSession,首先的成员变量里得有Excutor和MyConfiguration,代码的精髓就在getMapper的方法里。

    public class MySqlsession {
    
        private Excutor excutor= new MyExcutor();
    
        private MyConfiguration myConfiguration = new MyConfiguration();
    
        public MySqlsession(String configpath) {
    
            myConfiguration.getAllMapper(configpath);
        }
    
    
    
        public <T> T selectOne(String statement,Object parameter){
            return excutor.query(statement, parameter);
        }
    
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        public <T> T getMapper(Class<T> clas){
            //动态代理调用
            return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(clas.getClassLoader(),new Class[]{clas},
                    new MyMapperProxy(myConfiguration,this));
        }
    
    }
    

    紧接着创建Excutor和实现类:

    public interface Excutor {
    
        <T> T query(String statement,Object parameter);
    }
    
    public class MyMapperProxy implements InvocationHandler {
    
        private  MySqlsession mySqlsession;
    
        private MyConfiguration myConfiguration;
    
        public MyMapperProxy(MyConfiguration myConfiguration,MySqlsession mySqlsession) {
            this.myConfiguration=myConfiguration;
            this.mySqlsession=mySqlsession;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    
    
    
            for (String path : MyConfiguration.mapperList) {
                MapperBean readMapper = myConfiguration.readMapper(path);
                //是否是xml文件对应的接口
                if(method.getDeclaringClass().getName().equals(readMapper.getInterfaceName())){
                    List<Function> list = readMapper.getList();
                    if(null != list || 0 != list.size()){
                        for (Function function : list) {
                            //id是否和接口方法名一样
                            if(method.getName().equals(function.getFuncName())){
                                return mySqlsession.selectOne(function.getSql(), String.valueOf(args[0]));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
    

    到这里,就完成了自己的Mybatis框架,我们测试一下:

    public class Application {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            MySqlsession sqlsession=new MySqlsession("config.xml");
            UserMapper mapper = sqlsession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
            User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    }
    

    测试结果:


    image.png

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        本文标题:手动实现自己的ORM框架

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