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手写Promise

手写Promise

作者: oWSQo | 来源:发表于2019-07-09 15:55 被阅读0次

    Promise的声明

    首先,promise肯定是一个类,我们就用class来声明。

    • 由于new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{}),所以传入一个参数(函数),promisesA+规范里叫他executor,传入就执行。
    • executor里面有两个参数,一个叫resolve(成功),一个叫reject(失败)。
    • 由于resolvereject可执行,所以都是函数,我们用let声明。
    class Promise {
      // 构造器
      constructor(executor) {
        // 成功
        let resolve = () => { };
        // 失败
        let reject = () => { };
        // 立即执行
        executor(resolve, reject);
      }
    }
    

    解决基本状态

    promisesA+规范对Promise有规定:

    • Promise存在三个状态(state):pendingfulfilledrejected
    • pending(等待态)为初始态,并可以转化为fulfilled(成功态)和rejected(失败态)
    • 成功时,不可转为其他状态,且必须有一个不可改变的值(value
    • 失败时,不可转为其他状态,且必须有一个不可改变的原因(reason
    • new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{resolve(value)})resolve为成功,接收参数value,状态改变为fulfilled,不可再次改变
    • new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{reject(reason)})reject为失败,接收参数reason,状态改变为rejected,不可再次改变
    • 若是executor函数报错,直接执行reject()

    于是乎,我们获得以下代码:

    class Promise {
      constructor(executor) {
        // 初始化state为等待态
        this.state = 'pending';
        // 成功的值
        this.value = undefined;
        // 失败的原因
        this.reason = undefined;
        let resolve = value => {
          // state改变,resolve调用就会失败
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            // resolve调用后,state转化为成功态
            this.state = 'fulfilled';
            // 储存成功的值
            this.value = value;
          }
        };
        let reject = reason => {
          // state改变,reject调用就会失败
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            // reject调用后,state转化为失败态
            this.state = 'rejected';
            // 储存失败的原因
            this.reason = reason;
          }
        };
        // 如果executor执行报错,直接执行reject
        try{
          executor(resolve, reject);
        } catch (err) {
          reject(err);
        }
      }
    }
    

    then方法

    promisesA+规范规定:Promise有一个叫做then的方法,里面有两个参数:onFulfilled, onRejected,成功有成功的值,失败有失败的原因。

    • 当状态statefulfilled,则执行onFulfilled,传入this.value。当状态staterejected,则执行onRejected,传入this.reason
    • onFulfilled, onRejected如果他们是函数,则必须分别在fulfilledrejected后被调用,valuereason依次作为他们的第一个参数
    class Promise {
      constructor(executor) {...}
      // then 方法 有两个参数onFulfilled onRejected
      then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
        // 状态为fulfilled,执行onFulfilled,传入成功的值
        if (this.state === 'fulfilled') {
          onFulfilled(this.value);
        };
        // 状态为rejected,执行onRejected,传入失败的原因
        if (this.state === 'rejected') {
          onRejected(this.reason);
        };
      }
    }
    

    解决异步实现

    现在基本可以实现简单的同步代码,但是当resolvesetTomeout内执行,thenstate还是pending等待状态 我们就需要在then调用的时候,将成功和失败存到各自的数组,一旦reject或者resolve,就调用它们。
    类似于发布订阅,先将then里面的两个函数储存起来,由于一个promise可以有多个then,所以存在同一个数组内。

    // 多个then的情况
    let p = new Promise();
    p.then();
    p.then();
    

    成功或者失败时,forEach调用它们。

    class Promise{
      constructor(executor){
        this.state = 'pending';
        this.value = undefined;
        this.reason = undefined;
        // 成功存放的数组
        this.onResolvedCallbacks = [];
        // 失败存放法数组
        this.onRejectedCallbacks = [];
        let resolve = value => {
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            this.state = 'fulfilled';
            this.value = value;
            // 一旦resolve执行,调用成功数组的函数
            this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
          }
        };
        let reject = reason => {
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            this.state = 'rejected';
            this.reason = reason;
            // 一旦reject执行,调用失败数组的函数
            this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
          }
        };
        try{
          executor(resolve, reject);
        } catch (err) {
          reject(err);
        }
      }
      then(onFulfilled,onRejected) {
        if (this.state === 'fulfilled') {
          onFulfilled(this.value);
        };
        if (this.state === 'rejected') {
          onRejected(this.reason);
        };
        // 当状态state为pending时
        if (this.state === 'pending') {
          // onFulfilled传入到成功数组
          this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(()=>{
            onFulfilled(this.value);
          })
          // onRejected传入到失败数组
          this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(()=>{
            onRejected(this.reason);
          })
        }
      }
    }
    

    解决链式调用

    我门常常用到new Promise().then().then(),这就是链式调用,用来解决回调地狱。
    为了达成链式,我们默认在第一个then里返回一个promisepromisesA+规范规定了一种方法,就是在then里面返回一个新的promise,称为promise2promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{})

    • 将这个promise2返回的值传递到下一个then
    • 如果返回一个普通的值,则将普通的值传递给下一个then

    当我们在第一个thenreturn了一个参数(参数未知,需判断)。这个return出来的新的promise就是onFulfilled()onRejected()的值。

    promisesA+规范则规定onFulfilled()onRejected()的值,即第一个then返回的值,叫做x,判断x的函数叫做resolvePromise

    • 首先,要看x是不是promise
    • 如果是promise,则取它的结果,作为新的promise2成功的结果
    • 如果是普通值,直接作为promise2成功的结果
    • 所以要比较xpromise2
    • resolvePromise的参数有promise2(默认返回的promise)、x(我们自己return的对象)、resolvereject
    • resolverejectpromise2
    class Promise {
      constructor(executor) { ... }
      then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
        // 声明返回的promise2
        let promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
          if (this.state === 'fulfilled') {
            let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
            // resolvePromise函数,处理自己return的promise和默认的promise2的关系
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          };
          if (this.state === 'rejected') {
            let x = onRejected(this.reason);
            resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
          };
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(()=>{
              let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            })
            this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(()=>{
              let x = onRejected(this.reason);
              resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
            })
          }
        });
        // 返回promise,完成链式
        return promise2;
      }
    }
    

    完成resolvePromise函数

    promisesA+规范规定了一段代码,让不同的promise代码互相套用,叫做resolvePromise
    如果x === promise2,则是会造成循环引用,自己等待自己完成,则报“循环引用”错误。

    let p = new Promise(resolve => {
      resolve(0);
    });
    var p2 = p.then(data => {
      // 循环引用,自己等待自己完成,一辈子完不成
      return p2;
    })
    
    1. 判断x
    • x不能是null
    • x是普通值 直接resolve(x)
    • x是对象或者函数(包括promise),let then = x.then
    1. x是对象或者函数(默认promise
    • 声明了then
    • 如果取then报错,则走reject()
    • 如果then是个函数,则用call执行then,第一个参数是this,后面是成功的回调和失败的回调
    • 如果成功的回调还是pormise,就递归继续解析
    1. 成功和失败只能调用一个,所以设定一个called来防止多次调用
    function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject){
      // 循环引用报错
      if(x === promise2){
        // reject报错
        return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise'));
      }
      // 防止多次调用
      let called;
      // x不是null 且x是对象或者函数
      if (x != null && (typeof x === 'object' || typeof x === 'function')) {
        try {
          // A+规定,声明then = x的then方法
          let then = x.then;
          // 如果then是函数,就默认是promise了
          if (typeof then === 'function') { 
            // 就让then执行 第一个参数是this   后面是成功的回调 和 失败的回调
            then.call(x, y => {
              // 成功和失败只能调用一个
              if (called) return;
              called = true;
              // resolve的结果依旧是promise 那就继续解析
              resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
            }, err => {
              // 成功和失败只能调用一个
              if (called) return;
              called = true;
              reject(err);// 失败了就失败了
            })
          } else {
            resolve(x); // 直接成功即可
          }
        } catch (e) {
          // 也属于失败
          if (called) return;
          called = true;
          // 取then出错了那就不要在继续执行了
          reject(e); 
        }
      } else {
        resolve(x);
      }
    }
    

    解决其他问题

    1. promisesA+规范规定onFulfilled, onRejected都是可选参数,如果他们不是函数,必须被忽略
    • onFulfilled返回一个普通的值,成功时直接等于value => value
    • onRejected返回一个普通的值,失败时如果直接等于value => value,则会跑到下一个then中的onFulfilled中,所以直接扔出一个错误reason => throw err
    1. promisesA+规范规定onFulfilledonRejected不能同步被调用,必须异步调用。我们就用setTimeout解决异步问题
    • 如果onFulfilledonRejected报错,则直接返回reject()
    class Promise{
      constructor(executor){
        this.state = 'pending';
        this.value = undefined;
        this.reason = undefined;
        this.onResolvedCallbacks = [];
        this.onRejectedCallbacks = [];
        let resolve = value => {
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            this.state = 'fulfilled';
            this.value = value;
            this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
          }
        };
        let reject = reason => {
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            this.state = 'rejected';
            this.reason = reason;
            this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
          }
        };
        try{
          executor(resolve, reject);
        } catch (err) {
          reject(err);
        }
      }
      then(onFulfilled,onRejected) {
        // onFulfilled如果不是函数,就忽略onFulfilled,直接返回value
        onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : value => value;
        // onRejected如果不是函数,就忽略onRejected,直接扔出错误
        onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : err => { throw err };
        let promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
          if (this.state === 'fulfilled') {
            // 异步
            setTimeout(() => {
              try {
                let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
                resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e);
              }
            }, 0);
          };
          if (this.state === 'rejected') {
            // 异步
            setTimeout(() => {
              // 如果报错
              try {
                let x = onRejected(this.reason);
                resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e);
              }
            }, 0);
          };
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(() => {
              // 异步
              setTimeout(() => {
                try {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
                  resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
                } catch (e) {
                  reject(e);
                }
              }, 0);
            });
            this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() => {
              // 异步
              setTimeout(() => {
                try {
                  let x = onRejected(this.reason);
                  resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
                } catch (e) {
                  reject(e);
                }
              }, 0)
            });
          };
        });
        // 返回promise,完成链式
        return promise2;
      }
    }
    

    catchresolve、reject、race和all方法

    class Promise {
      constructor(executor) {
        this.state = 'pending';
        this.value = undefined;
        this.reason = undefined;
        this.onResolvedCallbacks = [];
        this.onRejectedCallbacks = [];
        let resolve = value => {
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            this.state = 'fulfilled';
            this.value = value;
            this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
          }
        };
        let reject = reason => {
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            this.state = 'rejected';
            this.reason = reason;
            this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn=>fn());
          }
        };
        try {
          executor(resolve, reject);
        } catch (err) {
          reject(err);
        }
      }
      then(onFulfilled,onRejected) {
        onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : value => value;
        onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : err => { throw err };
        let promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
          if (this.state === 'fulfilled') {
            setTimeout(() => {
              try {
                let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
                resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e);
              }
            }, 0);
          };
          if (this.state === 'rejected') {
            setTimeout(() => {
              try {
                let x = onRejected(this.reason);
                resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e);
              }
            }, 0);
          };
          if (this.state === 'pending') {
            this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(() => {
              setTimeout(() => {
                try {
                  let x = onFulfilled(this.value);
                  resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
                } catch (e) {
                  reject(e);
                }
              }, 0);
            });
            this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() => {
              setTimeout(() => {
                try {
                  let x = onRejected(this.reason);
                  resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
                } catch (e) {
                  reject(e);
                }
              }, 0)
            });
          };
        });
        return promise2;
      }
      catch(fn){
        return this.then(null,fn);
      }
    }
    function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject){
      if(x === promise2){
        return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise'));
      }
      let called;
      if (x != null && (typeof x === 'object' || typeof x === 'function')) {
        try {
          let then = x.then;
          if (typeof then === 'function') { 
            then.call(x, y => {
              if(called)return;
              called = true;
              resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject);
            }, err => {
              if(called)return;
              called = true;
              reject(err);
            })
          } else {
            resolve(x);
          }
        } catch (e) {
          if(called)return;
          called = true;
          reject(e); 
        }
      } else {
        resolve(x);
      }
    }
    //resolve方法
    Promise.resolve = function(val){
      return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
        resolve(val)
      });
    }
    //reject方法
    Promise.reject = function(val){
      return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
        reject(val)
      });
    }
    //race方法 
    Promise.race = function(promises){
      return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
        for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
          promises[i].then(resolve,reject)
        };
      })
    }
    //all方法(获取所有的promise,都执行then,把结果放到数组,一起返回)
    Promise.all = function(promises){
      let arr = [];
      let i = 0;
      function processData(index,data){
        arr[index] = data;
        i++;
        if(i == promises.length){
          resolve(arr);
        };
      };
      return new Promise((resolve,reject)=>{
        for(let i=0;i<promises.length;i++){
          promises[i].then(data=>{
            processData(i,data);
          },reject);
        };
      });
    }
    

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