前言
本篇文章开始深度探索objc_class结构下的cache_t cache成员，cache_t结构在整个objc底层还是非常重要的，简单的结构分布如下：
拓补图.003.jpeg
开始
创建一个简单的ZZPerson类，同时定义2个实例方法
@interface ZZPerson : NSObject
- (void)toDoSomething0;
- (void)toDoSayHello;
@end
main.m中添加代码片段：
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
// insert code here...
ZZPerson *person = [ZZPerson alloc];
Class pClass = [person class];
[person toDoSomething0];
[person toDoSayHello];
NSLog(@"hello world");
}
return 0;
}
通过LLDB调试输出结构体信息：
(lldb) p/x ZZPerson.class
(Class) $0 = 0x0000000100002230 ZZPerson
(lldb) p (cache_t *)0x0000000100002240
(cache_t *) $1 = 0x0000000100002240
(lldb) p *$1
(cache_t) $2 = {
_buckets = {
std::__1::atomic<bucket_t *> = 0x0000000100719980 {
_sel = {
std::__1::atomic<objc_selector *> = ""
}
_imp = {
std::__1::atomic<unsigned long> = 11504
}
}
}
_mask = {
std::__1::atomic<unsigned int> = 3
}
_flags = 32784
_occupied = 2
}
(lldb) p $2.buckets()
(bucket_t *) $3 = 0x0000000100719980
(lldb) p *$3
(bucket_t) $4 = {
_sel = {
std::__1::atomic<objc_selector *> = ""
}
_imp = {
std::__1::atomic<unsigned long> = 11504
}
}
(lldb) p $4.sel()
(SEL) $5 = "toDoSomething0"
(lldb) p $4.imp(pClass)
(IMP) $6 = 0x0000000100000ec0 (KCObjc`-[ZZPerson toDoSomething0])
(lldb) p $3 + 1
(bucket_t *) $7 = 0x0000000100719990
(lldb) p *$7
(bucket_t) $8 = {
_sel = {
std::__1::atomic<objc_selector *> = ""
}
_imp = {
std::__1::atomic<unsigned long> = 11472
}
}
(lldb) p $8.sel()
(SEL) $9 = "toDoSayHello"
(lldb) p $8.imp(pClass)
(IMP) $10 = 0x0000000100000ee0 (KCObjc`-[ZZPerson toDoSayHello])
(lldb)
针对 _mask和_occupied 探索，从cache_t::insert()开始：
ALWAYS_INLINE
void cache_t::insert(Class cls, SEL sel, IMP imp, id receiver)
{
#if CONFIG_USE_CACHE_LOCK
cacheUpdateLock.assertLocked();
#else
runtimeLock.assertLocked();
#endif
ASSERT(sel != 0 && cls->isInitialized());
//1.=========内存分配部分===========
// Use the cache as-is if it is less than 3/4 full
mask_t newOccupied = occupied() + 1;
unsigned oldCapacity = capacity(), capacity = oldCapacity;
if (slowpath(isConstantEmptyCache())) {
// Cache is read-only. Replace it.
if (!capacity) capacity = INIT_CACHE_SIZE;
reallocate(oldCapacity, capacity, /* freeOld */false);
}
else if (fastpath(newOccupied + CACHE_END_MARKER <= capacity / 4 * 3)) {
// Cache is less than 3/4 full. Use it as-is.
}
else {
capacity = capacity ? capacity * 2 : INIT_CACHE_SIZE; //扩容
if (capacity > MAX_CACHE_SIZE) {
capacity = MAX_CACHE_SIZE;
}
reallocate(oldCapacity, capacity, true); //重新梳理 扩容
}
//2.========插值部分===========
bucket_t *b = buckets();
mask_t m = capacity - 1;
mask_t begin = cache_hash(sel, m);
mask_t i = begin;
// Scan for the first unused slot and insert there.
// There is guaranteed to be an empty slot because the
// minimum size is 4 and we resized at 3/4 full.
do {
if (fastpath(b[i].sel() == 0)) {
incrementOccupied();
b[i].set<Atomic, Encoded>(sel, imp, cls);
return;
}
if (b[i].sel() == sel) {
// The entry was added to the cache by some other thread
// before we grabbed the cacheUpdateLock.
return;
}
} while (fastpath((i = cache_next(i, m)) != begin));
cache_t::bad_cache(receiver, (SEL)sel, cls);
}
上面的源码我们大致可以分为 内存分配 和 插值处理 2个部分来探索分析：
-
内存分配部分：这里的开始部分就有一个非常重要的注释信息：
Use the cache as-is if it is less than 3/4 full，大致的示意图：
拓补图.001.jpeg
这里有几个枚举值INIT_CACHE_SIZE,MAX_CACHE_SIZE,CACHE_END_MARKER注意下：
#define CACHE_END_MARKER 1
enum {
INIT_CACHE_SIZE_LOG2 = 2,
INIT_CACHE_SIZE = (1 << INIT_CACHE_SIZE_LOG2),
MAX_CACHE_SIZE_LOG2 = 16,
MAX_CACHE_SIZE = (1 << MAX_CACHE_SIZE_LOG2),
};
在流程图中我们看到reallocate()方法,直译过来就是重新分配的意思,我们继续看下它的内部实现：
ALWAYS_INLINE
void cache_t::reallocate(mask_t oldCapacity, mask_t newCapacity, bool freeOld)
{
bucket_t *oldBuckets = buckets();
bucket_t *newBuckets = allocateBuckets(newCapacity);
// Cache's old contents are not propagated.
// This is thought to save cache memory at the cost of extra cache fills.
// fixme re-measure this
ASSERT(newCapacity > 0);
ASSERT((uintptr_t)(mask_t)(newCapacity-1) == newCapacity-1);
setBucketsAndMask(newBuckets, newCapacity - 1);
if (freeOld) {
cache_collect_free(oldBuckets, oldCapacity);
}
}
#if CACHE_MASK_STORAGE == CACHE_MASK_STORAGE_OUTLINED
void cache_t::setBucketsAndMask(struct bucket_t *newBuckets, mask_t newMask)
{
// objc_msgSend uses mask and buckets with no locks.
// It is safe for objc_msgSend to see new buckets but old mask.
// (It will get a cache miss but not overrun the buckets' bounds).
// It is unsafe for objc_msgSend to see old buckets and new mask.
// Therefore we write new buckets, wait a lot, then write new mask.
// objc_msgSend reads mask first, then buckets.
#ifdef __arm__
// ensure other threads see buckets contents before buckets pointer
mega_barrier();
_buckets.store(newBuckets, memory_order::memory_order_relaxed);
// ensure other threads see new buckets before new mask
mega_barrier();
_mask.store(newMask, memory_order::memory_order_relaxed);
_occupied = 0;
#elif __x86_64__ || i386
// ensure other threads see buckets contents before buckets pointer
_buckets.store(newBuckets, memory_order::memory_order_release);
// ensure other threads see new buckets before new mask
_mask.store(newMask, memory_order::memory_order_release);
_occupied = 0;
#else
#error Don't know how to do setBucketsAndMask on this architecture.
#endif
}
大致流程：
1.通过buckets(),获取当前oldBuckets;
2.通过allocateBuckets(newCapacity),创建新的newBuckets;
3.通过setBucketsAndMask设置新的newBuckets和newMask,这里我们可以看到newMask = newCapacity - 1,即_mask与_capacity的关系。该方法内部将_occupied = 0。
4.当非首次开辟时,freeOld = true，此时会触发cache_collect_free()方法,将oldBuckets数据抹除掉。
到此，完成了一次重新分配。这意味着当需要扩容重新分配空间时，会将旧数据清空。
-
插值处理部分：
这里有几个比较重要的方法：
cache_hash(sel,m)
static inline mask_t cache_hash(SEL sel, mask_t mask)
{
return (mask_t)(uintptr_t)sel & mask;
}
该方法是通过hash运算来获取插值的起始位置begin,这也意味着插值的起始位置是不确定的。
-
cache_next(i,m):
static inline mask_t cache_next(mask_t i, mask_t mask) {
// printf("\ni:%d mask:%d cache_next : %d",i,mask,(i+1) & mask);
return (i+1) & mask;
}
/*
i:1 mask:3 cache_next : 2
i:1 mask:3 cache_next : 2
i:0 mask:3 cache_next : 1
i:3 mask:3 cache_next : 0
i:3 mask:3 cache_next : 0
i:7 mask:7 cache_next : 0
i:0 mask:7 cache_next : 1
*/
这个方式是在do while循环中获取下个索引的方法。
-
incrementOccupied():
void cache_t::incrementOccupied()
{
_occupied++;
}
当执行一次插值时，_occupied++一次；
接下来将整个cache_t结构抽离出一个简单的版本:
struct zz_bucket_t {
SEL _sel;
IMP _imp;
};
struct zz_cache_t {
struct bucket_t * _buckets;
uint32_t _mask;
};
struct zz_class_data_bits_t {
uintptr_t bits;
};
struct zz_objc_class {
Class ISA;
Class superclass;
struct zz_cache_t cache;
struct zz_class_data_bits_t bits;
};
我们在main.m中通过多次调用实例方法，然后看下cache_t的打印情况：
void printCache_tLayout(Class pClass){
struct zz_objc_class *myClass = (__bridge struct zz_objc_class *)pClass;
printf("\n========>start<==========");
printf("\n_occupied:%hu,_mask:%u,capacity:%u ",myClass->cache._occupied,myClass->cache._mask,myClass->cache._mask+1);
// NSLog(@"_occupied : %hu,_mask:%u",myClass->cache._occupied,myClass->cache._mask);
for(mask_t i = 0;i< myClass->cache._mask;i++){
struct zz_bucket_t bucket = myClass->cache._buckets[i];
printf("\n%s - %p",(char *)(bucket._sel),bucket._imp);
// NSLog(@"%@ - %p",NSStringFromSelector(bucket._sel),bucket._imp);
}
printf("\n=========>end<==========");
}
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
ZZPerson *person = [ZZPerson alloc];
Class pClass = [person class];
[person toDoSayHello0];
printCache_tLayout(pClass);
[person toDoSayHello1];
printCache_tLayout(pClass);
[person toDoSayHello2];
printCache_tLayout(pClass);
[person toDoSayHello3];
printCache_tLayout(pClass);
[person toDoSayHello4];
printCache_tLayout(pClass);
[person toDoHaHaHa];
printCache_tLayout(pClass);
[person toDoSomething0];
printCache_tLayout(pClass);
[person toDoSayHello0];
printCache_tLayout(pClass);
}
return 0;
}
日志输出：
========>start<==========
_occupied:1,_mask:3,capacity:4
toDoSayHello0 - 0x2e08
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
=========>end<==========
========>start<==========
_occupied:2,_mask:3,capacity:4
toDoSayHello0 - 0x2e08
(null) - 0x0
toDoSayHello1 - 0x2e18
=========>end<==========
========>start<==========
_occupied:1,_mask:7,capacity:8
toDoSayHello2 - 0x2e28
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
=========>end<==========
========>start<==========
_occupied:2,_mask:7,capacity:8
toDoSayHello2 - 0x2e28
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
toDoSayHello3 - 0x2e38
=========>end<==========
========>start<==========
_occupied:3,_mask:7,capacity:8
toDoSayHello2 - 0x2e28
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
toDoSayHello4 - 0x2ec8
(null) - 0x0
toDoSayHello3 - 0x2e38
=========>end<==========
========>start<==========
_occupied:4,_mask:7,capacity:8
toDoSayHello2 - 0x2e28
(null) - 0x0
toDoHaHaHa - 0x2e78
(null) - 0x0
toDoSayHello4 - 0x2ec8
(null) - 0x0
toDoSayHello3 - 0x2e38
=========>end<==========
========>start<==========
_occupied:5,_mask:7,capacity:8
toDoSayHello2 - 0x2e28
(null) - 0x0
toDoHaHaHa - 0x2e78
(null) - 0x0
toDoSayHello4 - 0x2ec8
toDoSomething0 - 0x2e68
toDoSayHello3 - 0x2e38
=========>end<==========
========>start<==========
_occupied:1,_mask:15,capacity:16
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
toDoSayHello0 - 0x2e08
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
(null) - 0x0
=========>end<==========
现在我们再看日志，就会非常的清晰，从start=>end为每次调用方法后cache_t的变化情况：
第1次：首次分配内存，默认capacity(容量)为4，mask为capacity - 1=3,执行一次插值后_occupied++ = 1；
第2次：进入newOccupied + CACHE_END_MARKER <= capacity / 4 * 3)判断，这里对应的就是2+1<=4/4*3，这里条件满足，所以直接插值，_occupied++ = 2;
第3次：进入newOccupied + CACHE_END_MARKER <= capacity / 4 * 3)判断，这里对应3+1<= 4/4 *3,条件不满足，开始扩容，capacity = 4 * 2 = 8,内存重分配，创建全新的buckets,并抹除oldBuckets，mask = newCapacity - 1 = 7, _occupied = 0重置；执行插值，_occupied++ = 1。
....
....
....
第n次
以此类推...
从日志中同样可以看到每次插入的SEL位置都是不定的，这是由于cache_hash()决定的。
总结
capacity:开辟容量大小，当occupied + 1 + CACHE_END_MARKER 超过capacity的3/4时，开始扩容(capacity * 2),该容量有最大值；
mask: capacity - 1 得到，存在的意义为了防止越界；
occupied: 当开始插值时，occupied++,当重新分配内存后，occupied = 0；
cache_hash()的巧妙使用；
问题
void cache_t::insert(Class cls, SEL sel, IMP imp, id receiver)是什么时候调用的呐？
未完待续....
参考：objc_781源码
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