selenium切换iframe

切换的条件：如果你要操作的元素，在iframe当中， 你才需要切换
页面元素（容器）-里面是一个HTML页面

iframe定位方式 　
driver.switch_to.frame()

index，下标
driver.switch_to.frame(3)

name属性：
driver.switch_to.frame("name属性的值")

webelement对象：
driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_element_by_xpath('xpath表达式'))

嵌套的iframe
driver.switch_to.frame()

直接返回main页面
driver.switch_to.default_content()

切换到父级iframe
driver.switch_to.parent_frame()

举例说明：以登录腾讯课堂为例：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time


# 实例化webdriver中的Chome对象
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# 访问腾讯课堂
driver.get('https://ke.qq.com/')

# 查找登录按钮，设置等待条件
loc = (By.XPATH, '//div[@id="js-mod-entry-index"]//a[text()="登录"]')
# 找到找到登录的元素在进行下一步操作，查找时间上限为10秒
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))
# 找到元素，并点击
driver.find_element(*loc).click()
time.sleep(3)

# 点击QQ登录,等待元素被找到进行下一步
loc = (By.XPATH, '//a[@class="js-btns-enter btns-enter btns-enter-qq"]')
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a[@class="js-btns-enter btns-enter btns-enter-qq"]').click()
time.sleep(1)
# iframe切换方式一：通过下标、name属性、webelement对象进行切换
# 弹出一个iframe登录框，定位iframe框
driver.switch_to.frame('login_frame_qq')
# 使用显性等待
loc = (By.ID, 'switcher_plogin')
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))
# 查找用账号密码登录元素
driver.find_element(*loc).click()
time.sleep(0.5)
# 输入账号
driver.find_element_by_id('u').send_keys("xxxx")
# 输入密码
driver.find_element_by_id('p').send_keys('xxxxx')
driver.find_element_by_id('login_button').click()
time.sleep(3)
# 退出
driver.quit()

方法二：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time


# 创建一个Chrome对象
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# 窗口最大化
driver.maximize_window()
# 访问腾讯课堂
driver.get('https://ke.qq.com/')

# 定位登录按钮，并点击操作,利用显示等待
loc = (By.ID, 'js_login')
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))
driver.find_element_by_id('js_login').click()

# 定位QQ登录按钮，并点击操作，显示等待
loc = (By.XPATH, '//a[@class="js-btns-enter btns-enter btns-enter-qq"]')
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located(loc))
driver.find_element(*loc).click()
time.sleep(1)

# iframe切换方式二：下标、name属性、webelement对象、元素定位元组四种
# iframe骚操作，EC条件中，frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it这个条件，说明iframe有效并切换到iframe中
# 切换到登录的iframe页面中
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((By.XPATH, '//iframe[@name="login_frame_qq"]')))
driver.find_element_by_id('switcher_plogin').click()
time.sleep(1)
# 定位输入框，输入账户名、密码
driver.find_element_by_id('u').send_keys('xxx')
driver.find_element_by_id('p').send_keys('xxx')
# 点击登录按钮
driver.find_element_by_id('login_button').click()
time.sleep(3)

# 关闭浏览器
driver.quit()