第5章策略模式
5.1 使用策略模式计算奖金
1最初的代码实现
var calculateBonus = function(performanceLevel,salary){
if(performanceLevel === 's'){
return salary*4;
}
if(performanceLevel === 'A'){
return salary*3;
}
if(performanceLevel === 'B'){
return salary*2;
}
}
calculateBonus('B',20000);//40000
calculateBonus('S',6000);//24000
calculateBonus函数庞大
calculateBonus函数缺乏弹性 违反开放-封闭原则
算法复用性差
2使用组合函数重构代码
var perfoemanceS = function(salary){
return salary*4;
0};
var perfoemanceA = function(salary){
return salary*3;
0};
var perfoemanceB = function(salary){
return salary*2;
0};
var calculeateBonus = function(performanceLevel,salary){
if (performanceLevel === 'S') {
return perfoemanceS(salary);
}
if (performanceLevel === 'A') {
return perfoemanceA(salary);
}
if (performanceLevel === 'B') {
return perfoemanceB(salary);
}
}
calculeateBonus('A',10000) //30000
3使用策略模式重构代码
var perfoemanceS = function(){}
perfoemanceS.prototype.calculate = function(salary){
return salary*4;
}
var perfoemanceA = function(){};
perfoemanceA.prototype.calculate = function(salary){
return salary*3;
}
var perfoemanceB = function(){}
perfoemanceB.prototype = function(salary){
return salary*2;
}
var Bonus = function(){
this.salary = null;
this.strategy = null;
}
Bonus.prototype.satSalary = function(salary){
this.salary = salary;
}
Bonus.prototype.satStrategy = function(strategy){
this.strategy = strategy;
}
Bonus.prototype.getBonus = function(){
return this.strategy.calculate(this.salary);
}
var bonus = new Bonus();
bonus.satSalary(10000);
bonus.satStrategy(new perfoemanceS);
console.log(bonus.getBonus()); //40000
bonus.satStrategy(new perfoemanceA())
console.log(bonus.getBonus()); //30000
5.2 Javascript版本的策略模式
var strategies = {
"S":function(salary){
return salary*4;
},
"A":function(salary){
return salary*4;
},
"b":function(salary){
return salary*2;
}
}
var calculateBonus = function(level,salary){
return strategies[level](salary);
}
console.log(calculateBonus('S',20000));
console.log(calculateBonus('A',10000))
5.3 多态在策略模式中的体现
当我们对这些策略对象发出“计算奖金”的请求时,它们会返回各自不同的计算结果,这正是对象多态性的体现。
5.4 使用策略模式实现缓动动画
5.4.1 实现动画效果原理
通过连续改变元素的某个CSS属性,比如left top background-position来实现动画效果。
5.4.2 思想和一些准备工作
-
动画开始,小球所在的原始位置
-
小球移动的目标位置
-
动画开始时的准确时间点
-
小球运动持续的时间
5.4.3 让小球运动起来
缓动算法
var tween = {
linear:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*t/d+b;
},
easeIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t+b;
},
strongEaseIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t*t+b;
},
strongEaseOut:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*((t=t/d - 1)*t*t*t*t+1)+b;
},
sineaseIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t+b;
},
sineaseOut:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*((t = t/d - 1)*t*t+1)+b
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div" style="position: absolute;background: blue">我是div</div>
</body>
<script>
var tween = {
linear:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*t/d+b;
},
easeIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t+b;
},
strongEaseIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t*t*t+b;
},
strongEaseOut:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*((t=t/d - 1)*t*t*t*t+1)+b;
},
sineaseIn:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*(t/=d)*t*t+b;
},
sineaseOut:function(t,b,c,d){
return c*((t = t/d - 1)*t*t+1)+b
}
}
var Animate = function(dom){
this.dom = dom; //dom节点
this.startTime = 0;//开始时间
this.startPos = 0;//dom节点开始位置
this.endPos = 0;//dom结点结束位置
this.propertyName = null;//dom节点需要被改变的css属性名
this.easing = null;//缓动算法
this.duration = null;//动画持续时间
}
Animate.prototype.start = function(propertyName,endPos,duration,easing){
this.startTime = +new Date;
this.startPos = this.dom.getBoundingClientRect()[propertyName];
this.propertyName = propertyName;
this.endPos = endPos;
this.duration = duration;
this.easing = tween[easing];
var self = this;
var timeId = setInterval(function(){
if(self.step()===false){
clearInterval(timeId);
}
},19);
}
Animate.prototype.step = function(){
var t = +new Date;
if(t>=this.startTime+this.duration){
this.update(this.endPos);
return false;
}
var pos = this.easing(t-this.startTime,this.startPos,this.endPos-this.startPos,this.duration);
this.update(pos);
}
Animate.prototype.update = function(pos){
this.dom.style[this.propertyName] = pos + 'px'
}
var div = document.getElementById('div');
var animate = new Animate(div);
animate.start('left',500,1000,'strongEaseOut')
</script>
</html>
使用策略模式把算法传人动画类中,来达到各种不同的缓动效果,这些算法都可以轻易地被替换为另一个算法,这是策略模式的经典运用之一。策略模式的实现并不复杂,关键是如何从策略模式的实现背后,找到封装变化,委托和多态性这些思想的价值
5.5 更广义的“算法”
策略模式指的是定义一系列的算法,并且把它们封装起来
广义=>用来封装一系列的“业务规则”。
5.6 表单校验
例如
用户名不能为空
密码长度不能少于6位
手机号码必须符合格式
5.6.1 表单校验第一个版本
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://xxx.com/register" id="registerForm" method="post">
请输入用户名:<input type="text" name="userName">
请输入密码:<input type="text" name="password">
请输入手机号码:<input type="text" name="phoneNumber">
<button>提交</button>
</form>
<script>
var registerForm = document.getElementById('registerForm');
registerForm.onsubmit = function () {
// body...
if (registerForm.userName.value==='') {
alert('用户名不能为空');
return false;
}
if (registerForm.password.value.length<6) {
alert('密码长度不能少于6位')
return false;
}
if(!/(^1[3|5|8][0-9]{9}$)/.test(registerForm.phoneNumber.value)){
alert('手机号码格式不正确')
return false;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
registerForm.onsubmit函数比较庞大
rigisterForm.onsubmit函数缺乏弹性 违反开放-封闭原则
算法的复用性差
5.6.2 用策略模式重构表单重构表单校验
var strategies = {
isNonEmpty:function(value,errorMsg){
if (value==='') {
return errorMsg;
}
},
minLength:function(value,length,errorMsg){
if (value.length<length) {
return errorMsg;
}
},
isMobile:function(value,errorMsg){
if (!/(^1[3|5|8][0-9]{9}$)/.test(value)) {
return errorMsg;
}
}
}
//准备实现Validator类
var validataFunc = function(){
var validator = new Validator();
validator.add(registerForm.userName,'isNonEmpty','用户不能为空');
validator.add(registerForm.password,'minLength:6','最小长度为6位');
validator.add(registerForm.phoneNumber,'isMobile','手机号码格式不正确');
var errorMsg = Validator.start();
return errorMsg;
}
var registerForm = document.getElementById('registerForm');
registerForm.onsubmit = function(){
var errorMsg = validataFunc();
if (errorMsg) {
alert(errorMsg);
return false //阻止表单提交
}
}
//Validator类的实现
var validator = function(){
this.cache = [];
}
validator.prototype.add = function(dom,rule,errorMsg){
var ary = rule.split(':'); //返回数组
this.cache.push(function(){
var strategy = ary.shift();//返回数组原来的第一个元素的值
ary.unshift(dom.value); //unshift() 方法可向数组的开头添加一个或更多元素,并返回新的长度
ary.push(errorMsg);
return strategies[strategy].apply(dom,ary);
});
};
Validator.prototype.start = function(){
for(var i = 0,validataFunc;validataFunc = this.cache[i++];){
var msg = validataFunc();
if (msg) {
return msg;
}
}
}
//so 修改某个校验规则
validator.sdd(registerForm.userName,'isNonEmpty','用户不能为空')
5.6.3 给某个文本输入框添加多种校验规则
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://xxx.com/register" id="registerForm" method="post">
请输入用户名:<input type="text" name="userName">
请输入密码:<input type="text" name="password">
请输入手机号码:<input type="text" name="phoneNumber">
<button>提交</button>
</form>
<script>
var strategies = {
isNonEmpty:function(value,errorMsg){
if (value==='') {
return errorMsg;
}
},
minLength:function(value,length,errorMsg){
if (value.length<length) {
return errorMsg;
}
},
isMobile:function(value,errorMsg){
if (!/(^1[3|5|8][0-9]{9}$)/.test(value)) {
return errorMsg;
}
}
}
//Validator类的实现
var Validator = function(){
this.cache = [];
}
Validator.prototype.add = function(dom,rules){
var self = this;
for(var i = 0,rule;rule = rules[i++];){
(function(rule){
var strategyAry = rule.strategy.split(':');
var errorMsg = rule.errorMsg;
self.cache.push(function(){
var strategy = strategyAry.shift();
strategyAry.unshift(dom.value);
strategyAry.push(errorMsg);
return strategies[strategy].apply(dom,strategyAry);
})
})(rule)
}
};
Validator.prototype.start = function(){
for(var i = 0,validataFunc;validataFunc = this.cache[i++];){
var errorMsg = validataFunc();
if (errorMsg) {
return errorMsg;
}
}
}
//准备实现Validator类
var validataFunc = function(){
var validator = new Validator();
validator.add(registerForm.userName,[{
strategy:'isNonEmpty',errorMsg:'用户名不能为空'},{
strategy:'minLength:10',errorMsg:'用户名不能小于10位'
}]);
validator.add(registerForm.password,[{strategy:'minLength:6',errorMsg:'最小长度为6位'}]);
validator.add(registerForm.phoneNumber,[{strategy:'isMobile',errorMsg:'手机号码格式不正确'}]);
var errorMsg = validator.start();
return errorMsg;
}
var registerForm = document.getElementById('registerForm');
registerForm.onsubmit = function(){
var errorMsg = validataFunc();
if (errorMsg) {
alert(errorMsg);
return false //阻止表单提交
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
5.7 策略模式的有缺点
-
利用组合,委托和多态等技术和思想,可以有效地避免多重条件选择语句
-
提供了对开放-封闭原则的完美支持
-
代码复用
-
利用组合委托来让Context拥有执行算法的能力,这也是继承的一种更轻便的替代方案
不严重的缺点
-
增加许多策略类或者策略对象
-
必须了解所有的strategy,必须了解各个strategy之间的不同点,这样才能选择一个适合的strategy。
5.8 一等函数对象与策略模式
在Javascript中,“函数对象的多态性”来的更加简单
var s = function (salary) {
// body...
return salary*4;
}
var A = function(salary) {
return salary*3;
}
var B = function(salary){
return salary*2
}
var calculateBous = function(func,salary){
return func(salary);
}
calculateBous(S,1000);
网友评论