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ConstraintLayout

ConstraintLayout

作者: jianweizhou1993 | 来源:发表于2017-11-05 20:27 被阅读0次

    约束类型:

    - Relative positioning(相对定位)

    B在A的右边
    <Button android:id="@+id/buttonA" ... />
             <Button android:id="@+id/buttonB" ...
                   app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@+id/buttonA" />
    

    可在横/竖轴方向添加相对约束

    • 横轴: left, right, start and end sides
    • 竖轴: top, bottom sides and text baseline
      相对位置约束示 layout_constraintX_toYOf
      X和Y必须在同一轴向
    <Button android:id="@+id/buttonB" ...
                     app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent" />
    

    - Margins

    1. 通用间距
    • android:layout_marginStart
    • android:layout_marginXXX
    1. Gone间距,指定约束目标可见性为Gone时的间距
    • layout_goneMarginStart
    • layout_goneMarginXXX

    - Centering positioning(居中定位)

    1.约束居中


    设置具体大小或者wrap_content
    <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/imageView"
                android:layout_width="200dp"
                android:layout_height="200dp"
                app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
                app:srcCompat="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" />
    
    设置0dp或者match_constraint
    <ImageView
                android:id="@+id/imageView"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="200dp"
                app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
                app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
                app:srcCompat="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" />
    

    2.Bias(倾向居中)

    • layout_constraintHorizontal_bias
    • layout_constraintVertical_bias
    Bias
    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout ...>
                 <Button android:id="@+id/button" ...
                     app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.3"
                     app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
                     app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent/>
             </>
    

    - Circular positioning(圆弧定位)

    • layout_constraintCircle : references another widget id
    • layout_constraintCircleRadius : the distance to the other
      widget center
    • layout_constraintCircleAngle : which angle the widget should be at (in degrees, from 0 to 360)


      圆弧定位
    <Button android:id="@+id/buttonA" ... />
      <Button android:id="@+id/buttonB" ...
          app:layout_constraintCircle="@+id/buttonA"
          app:layout_constraintCircleRadius="100dp"
          app:layout_constraintCircleAngle="45" />
    

    - Dimension constraints(尺寸约束)

    1.android:layout_width和android:layout_height有三种设置方式:
    • Using a specific dimension (either a literal value such as 123dp or a Dimension reference)
    • Using WRAP_CONTENT, which will ask the widget to compute its own size
    • Using 0dp, which is the equivalent of "MATCH_CONSTRAINT"

    android:minWidth设置WRAP_CONTENT模式下最大/最小尺寸
    layout_constraintWidth_min设置MATCH_CONSTRAINT模式下最大/最小尺寸

    2.Percent dimension

    使用百分比大小需要以下步骤:

    • 设置大小属性为MATCH_CONSTRAINT (0dp)
    • 指定percent方式app:layout_constraintWidth_default="percent" or app:layout_constraintHeight_default="percent"
    3.Ratio(长宽比例)

    app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="width:height"

    <Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                       android:layout_height="0dp"
                       app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="1:1" />
    

    显示指定已知的一边"H,16:9"

    <Button android:layout_width="0dp"
                       android:layout_height="0dp"
                       app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="H,16:9"
                       app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
                       app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"/>
    

    - Chains(约束链)

    约束链提供单轴向内的分组行为


    约束链以及链头

    在链头(最左或最上节点)设置layout_constraintHorizontal_chainStyle控制链组样式

    • CHAIN_SPREAD(均分) -- the elements will be spread out (default style)
    • Weighted chain -- in CHAIN_SPREAD mode, if some widgets are set to MATCH_CONSTRAINT, they will split the available space
    • CHAIN_SPREAD_INSIDE(中间均分) -- similar, but the endpoints of the chain will not be spread out
    • CHAIN_PACKED -- the elements of the chain will be packed together. The horizontal or vertical bias attribute of the child will then affect the positioning of the packed elements
    约束链

    - Virtual Helpers objects

    用来辅助定位,在显示时不可见

    - Guideline辅助线
    • 指定到上/左的距离(layout_constraintGuide_begin)
    • 指定到下/右的距离(layout_constraintGuide_end)
    • 指定到上/左的距离百分比(layout_constraintGuide_percent)

    辅助线的layout_width、layout_height无意义,layout_constraintGuide_begin和layout_constraintGuide_end同时存在以后者为准

    Guideline
    <android.support.constraint.Guideline
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:id="@+id/guideline"
                app:layout_constraintGuide_begin="100dp"
                android:orientation="vertical"/>
    
        <Button
                android:text="Button"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:id="@+id/button"
                app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="@+id/guideline"
                android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
                app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
    
    - Barrier(栅栏)
    Barrier
    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout...>
      <TextView
        android:id=”@+id/text1" ... />
      <TextView
        android:id=”@+id/text2" ... />
      <android.support.constraint.Barrier
        android:id=”@+id/barrier”
        android:layout_width=”wrap_content”
        android:layout_height=”wrap_content”
        app:barrierDirection=”end” <!-- start, top, bottom, right... -->
        app:constraint_referenced_ids=”text1,text2" />
      <TextView
        android:id=”@+id/text3"
        ...
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf=”@+id/barrier” />
    </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
    
    - Group
     <android.support.constraint.Group
                  android:id="@+id/group"
                  android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                  android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                  android:visibility="visible"
                  app:constraint_referenced_ids="button4,button9" />
    

    Group的可见性会被应用到app:constraint_referenced_ids属性链接的所有元素

    - Placeholder(占位符)

    Placeholder顾名思义,就是用来一个占位的东西,它可以把自己的内容设置为ConstraintLayout内的其它view。因此它用来写布局的模版,也可以用来动态修改UI的内容

    其他

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