01 单一数据南丁格尔玫瑰图

南丁格尔玫瑰图是弗罗伦斯·南丁格尔所发明的。又名为极区图。是一种圆形的直方图。南丁格尔自己常昵称这类图为鸡冠花图（coxcomb），并且用以表达军医院季节性的死亡率。
南丁格尔玫瑰图将柱图转化为更美观的饼图形式，是极坐标化的柱图，其夸大了数据之间差异的视觉效果，适合展示数据原本差异小的数据。
南丁格尔玫瑰图长得像饼图又不是饼图，这种有着极坐标的统计图有着一个美丽的名字—南丁格尔玫瑰图。南丁格尔玫瑰图（Nightingale rose diagram）又名鸡冠花图（Coxcomb Chart）或极坐标区域图（Polar area diagram）。
南丁格尔玫瑰图是将柱图转化为更美观饼图形式，是极坐标化的柱图。不同于饼图用角度表现数值或占比，南丁格尔玫瑰图使用扇形的半径表示数据的大小，各扇形的角度则保持一致。

library(ggplot2)
mydata <- data.frame( a=c("Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"),
                      b=c(50, 60, 70, 20,90,110,30))
myAngle <-seq(-20,-340,length.out =7)

ggplot(mydata) +
  geom_bar(aes(x=a, y=b),width = 1,stat="identity",
           colour = "black",fill="#F8766D") +
  geom_text(aes(x=a,y = b-8,label = b),color="white") +
  coord_polar(theta = "x",start=0) +
  ylim(c(0,120))+
  theme_light()+
  theme( panel.background = element_blank(),
         panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "grey80",size=.25),
         axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12,colour="black"),
         axis.line.y = element_line(size=0.25),
         axis.text.x=element_text(size = 13,colour="black",angle = myAngle))

效果如下：

02 多数据南丁格尔玫瑰图

diamonds<-cbind(diamonds,Cou=rep(1,nrow(diamonds)))
sum_clarity<-aggregate(Cou~clarity,diamonds,sum)
sort_clarity<-arrange(sum_clarity,desc(Cou))
diamonds$clarity<- factor(diamonds$clarity, levels = sort_clarity$clarity)
myAngle <-seq(-20,-340,length.out = 8)


ggplot(diamonds,aes(x=clarity,fill=color))+
  geom_bar(width=1.0,colour="black",size=0.25)+
  coord_polar(theta = "x",start=0)+
  scale_fill_brewer(palette="GnBu")+
  guides(fill=guide_legend(reverse=TRUE,title=NULL))+
  ylim(c(0,12000))+
  theme_light()+
  theme( panel.background = element_blank(),
         panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "grey80",size=.25),
         axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12,colour="black"),
         axis.line.y = element_line(size=0.25),
         axis.text.x=element_text(size = 13,colour="black",angle = myAngle))

效果如下：


ggplot(diamonds,aes(x=clarity,fill=color))+
  geom_bar(width=1.0,colour="black",size=0.25)+
  coord_polar(theta = "x",start=0)+
  scale_fill_brewer(palette="Reds")+
  guides(fill=guide_legend(reverse=TRUE,title="Color"))+
  ylim(c(-2000,12000))+
  theme_light()+
  theme( panel.background = element_blank(),
         panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "grey80",size=.25),
         axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12,colour="black"),
         axis.line.y = element_line(size=0.25),
         axis.text.x=element_text(size = 13,colour="black",angle = myAngle))