Chapter 3 词性篇
动词（一）
2.系动词
1.The bottle of apple juice you bought yesterday tastes quite unique.
2）系动词的用法
1.继续或保持某种状态的系动词。keep、remain、rest、stand 、lie、stay
This matter rests a mystery.
2.用来表示主语变成什么样子。become grow go come run turn fall get
She grew rich within a short time.
3.感官系动词。feel sound taste smell
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
5.表像系动词。look appear seem
6.终止系动词，表主语已终止该动作。prove, turn out
The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success.
)情态动词
1.may
May I have your name?
2.need
Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗？
4）助动词
帮助主语完成语法功能的动词 be,have,do,shall,will,should,would
My sister will be arriving in America tomorrow morning.
He has just finished his task. 他刚刚完成了他的任务
1.表时态
English is becoming more and more important nowadays.
2.表语态
English is taught through the world.
3.表疑问
Do you study English before you came here?
4.加强语气
Do come to the party tomorrow evening.
Just believe me,I do love you.
情态助动词
ought to,had better
You ought to write to the major.
5)实义动词
1.及物动词
Many people earn their living by writing.
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.请把那边的书递给我
We have many buyers awaiting available units here.此句话中提到的unit在美国指的是公寓，相较于apartment要差一些，flat更差类似于学生公寓
Can you write your composition now? 你现在能写你的作文了吗？
2.不及物动词
Once a decision have been made,we should stick to it.
Sorry,I don't have time tonight,I have to listen to the broadcast.
3)兼并
Shall I begin at once？
She began working as a librarian after she left school.
Wash your hands before meals.
动词（二）
非谓语动词
不定式
(not) to do , (not) to be done , (not) to have done , (not) to have been done
1）
He seems to know a lot.
The boy pretend to be working hard.
不定式的完成时所表示的动作发生在之前：
I regretted to have told the truth.
I happened to have seen the film.
被动式：
To be obeyed was natural to her.
The book is intended to be read and not to be torn. 打算：intend；撕毁：torn,三形统一
名词性质：
To be content with little is true happiness. 知足常乐
content可做n.内容&目录，也可做vt.使满足，也可做adj.满意的
2）句法功能
1.做主语
To stay up late is bad for your health.
2.做宾语
wish to do，pledge保证 to do ，learn to do
I am sure to succeed.
充当介词宾语
I have no choice but to stay here.除了待在这我别无选择
He did nothing last Sunday but to repair his bike.他上周日除了修自行车什么也没干
3.作表语
His teaching aim of the class is to train the students' speaking ability.
They have no place to leave.
5.作状语
To make himself heard,he raised his voice.
She burst into laughter to see his funny action.
The old woman left home,never to return again.
I hurried home only to find my boyfriend had left already.
To cut a long story short,I decided to leave you. 简而言之，我决定离开你
4）不带to 的不定式
1.原型go 和 come 在口语中可后接不带to 的不定式
Go tell him.
Come have a glass.
2.不定式并列，第二个不定式可省略to
He wished to study the medicine and become to be a doctor.
3.在rather than 和 other than 之后用不带to 的不定式
I would rather go than study. 我宁愿走呢不原留
No one could do other than admire it. 人们不得不赞赏它。other than 除了
4.cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but.之后不带to
He cannot choose but love her. 他不禁爱上了她
I could not help laughing.
- 若在but之前有do ，其后不定式不带to
We have nothing to do now but wait.
Our boss never dose anything but talk.我们老板只说不做
但若but前无do的话，其后不定式皆带to
They desire nothing but to succeed.
6.为避免重复省去to
I'm really puzzled what to think or say.
It's just impossible to see that and not weep.看见那个景象而不哭是不可能的
对比对照之意不可省略
I came not to scold,but to promise you.我不是来骂你的，而是来夸你的
7.why引导的省略句需省去to
Why talk so much about it?
Why not try again?
8.在一些固定词组中需省去to
I hear that my beggar of mine let fly at you with his catapult yesterday.我听说昨天我那小家伙拿弹弓射你了。
If I can't have the real thing,I can make do with the imitation.
2.动名词der
Seeing is believing.
This picture shows a child being beaten by a Japanese soldier
We remembered having seen the film.
The meeting was put off without him having been consulted. 这会议没和他商量就推迟了
I have finished repairing that machine.
The foreign visitors enjoyed the Chinese acrobatics.这些外宾喜欢中国杂技
Smoking is prohibited here.此处禁止吸烟
It's no use complaining.抱怨无用
We have to pretend the air from being polluted.
We're tired of having the kind of food every day.
in time 及时；lay egg 产卵
The speeding car came to a stop all of a sudden.
None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room.
The cave,his hiding-place is secret.
His habit,listening the news on the radio remains unchanged.
He was blamed for having something wrong.
They went to the Manchester with the object of winning World Championship.
现在分词
Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake.
The lady is modest,understanding woman.
idiom习语
A little boy learning to walk often falls.
The boss kept the car waiting st the gate.
When leaving the airport,they waved again and again to us.
While flying over the Channel,the polit saw what he thought to be a meteorite.（陨星）
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