xtrabackup对mysql进行备份，恢复
Mysql启用状态；
1、全量备份，恢复
2、全量备份，增量备份，恢复
1、全量备份及模拟故障恢复；
下载xtrabackup;
[root@note2 ~]# lftp 172.16.0.1/pub
cd 成功, 当前目录=/pub
lftp 172.16.0.1:/pub> cd Sources/7.x86_64/percona/
lftp 172.16.0.1:/pub/Sources/7.x86_64/percona> ls
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 7732612 Aug 21 09:15 percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 932280 Aug 21 09:15 percona-xtrabackup-test-2.3.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 13568540 Aug 21 09:15 percona-xtrabackup-test-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 28236 Aug 21 09:15 percona-zabbix-templates-1.1.7-2.noarch.rpm
lftp 172.16.0.1:/pub/Sources/7.x86_64/percona> mget percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
安装xtrabackup;
[root@note2 ~]# yum install ./percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
查看配置文件；
[root@note2 ~]# rpm -ql percona-xtrabackup-24
/usr/bin/innobackupex---------二次封装脚本
/usr/bin/xbcloud--------------备份到云端的工具
/usr/bin/xbcloud_osenv
/usr/bin/xbcrypt--------------加密工具
/usr/bin/xbstream-------------流式划工具
/usr/bin/xtrabackup-----------主程序
/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7
/usr/share/doc/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7/COPYING
/usr/share/man/man1/innobackupex.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xbcrypt.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xbstream.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/xtrabackup.1.gz
查看man帮助
[root@note2 ~]# man innobackupex
备份 全备；
创建目录
[root@note2 mariadb]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@note2 mysql]# ls
aria_log.00000001 ib_logfile1 mydb note2-slow.log
aria_log_control master_log.000001 mysql performance_schema
ibdata1 master_log.000002 mysql.sock test
ib_logfile0 master_log.index note2.log
[root@note2 mysql]# mkdir /mydata/xbdata -pv
备份；
[root@note2 mysql]# innobackupex --user=root --host=localhost /mydata/xbdata/
170912 20:14:28 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
备份成功后会出现completed OK!否则没有成功；
生成的备份文件；
[root@note2 mysql]# ls /mydata/xbdata/
2017-09-12_20-14-28---此目录下有相关配置文件；
[root@note2 mysql]# ls /mydata/xbdata/2017-09-12_20-14-28/
backup-my.cnf performance_schema xtrabackup_info
ibdata1 test xtrabackup_logfile
mydb xtrabackup_binlog_info
mysql xtrabackup_checkpoints
模拟恢复数据，将mysql停掉；
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-14-28]# less backup-my.cnf ^C
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-14-28]# less xtrabackup_binlog_info ^C
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-14-28]# less xtrabackup_checkpoints ^C
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-14-28]# less xtrabackup_info ^C
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-14-28]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
将日志文件删除；
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-14-28]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@note2 mysql]# ls
aria_log.00000001 ib_logfile1 mydb performance_schema
aria_log_control master_log.000001 mysql test
ibdata1 master_log.000002 note2.log
ib_logfile0 master_log.index note2-slow.log
[root@note2 mysql]# rm -rf ./*
[root@note2 mysql]# cd /mydata/xbdata/
[root@note2 xbdata]# cd /mydata/xbdata/2017-09-12_20-14-28/
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-14-28]# ls
backup-my.cnf performance_schema xtrabackup_info
ibdata1 test xtrabackup_logfile
mydb xtrabackup_binlog_info
mysql xtrabackup_checkpoints
执行准备操作；
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-14-28]# innobackupex --apply-log ./
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
InnoDB: 5.7.13 started; log sequence number 2259989
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2260017
170912 20:30:31 completed OK!
还原；
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-14-28]# innobackupex --copy-back ./
170912 20:33:49 [01] ...done
170912 20:33:49 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
170912 20:33:49 [01] ...done
170912 20:33:49 [01] Copying ./ibtmp1 to /var/lib/mysql/ibtmp1
170912 20:33:49 [01] ...done
170912 20:33:49 completed OK!
查看恢复回来的文件；
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-14-28]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@note2 mysql]# ls
ibdata1 ibtmp1 performance_schema xtrabackup_info
ib_logfile0 mydb test
ib_logfile1 mysql xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
[root@note2 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@note2 mysql]# ll
总用量 40976
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 18874368 9月 12 20:33 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 5242880 9月 12 20:33 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 5242880 9月 12 20:33 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 9月 12 20:33 ibtmp1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 0 9月 12 20:39 master_log.index
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 59 9月 12 20:33 mydb
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 9月 12 20:33 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 9月 12 20:33 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 20 9月 12 20:33 test
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 24 9月 12 20:33 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 478 9月 12 20:33 xtrabackup_info
属者，属组需要要改为mysql;
[root@note2 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql ./*
启动服务查看状态；
[root@note2 mysql]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@note2 mysql]# systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 二 2017-09-12 20:51:58 CST; 39s ago
Process: 20637 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 20609 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 20636 (mysqld_safe)
CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
├─20636 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
└─20806 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/m...
9月 12 20:51:56 note2 systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server...
9月 12 20:51:56 note2 mysqld_safe[20636]: 170912 20:51:56 mysqld_safe Lo....
9月 12 20:51:56 note2 mysqld_safe[20636]: 170912 20:51:56 mysqld_safe St...l
9月 12 20:51:58 note2 systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
2、全量备份，增量备份，模拟故障恢复；
在启动状态下备份；
[root@note2 mysql]# innobackupex /mydata/xbdata/
全量备份；
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (2260017) to (2260017) was copied.
170912 20:57:00 completed OK!
查看日志序列号；
[root@note2 xbdata]# ls
2017-09-12_20-14-28 2017-09-12_20-56-58
[root@note2 xbdata]# cat /mydata/xbdata/2017-09-12_20-56-58/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 2260017
last_lsn = 2260017
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
删除学员信息，做增量备份；
[root@note2 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> use mydb
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [mydb]> DELETE FROM students WHERE stuid=1300;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mydb]> DELETE FROM students WHERE stuid=1400;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mydb]> DELETE FROM students WHERE stuid=1500;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [mydb]>
增量基于谁做增量；incremental-basedir=/mydata/xbdata/2017-09-12_20-56-58/
[root@note2 ~]# ls /mydata/xbdata/
2017-09-12_20-14-28 2017-09-12_20-56-58
[root@note2 ~]# innobackupex --incremental /mydata/xtrdata --incremental-basedir=/mydata/xbdata/2017-09-12_20-
2017-09-12_20-14-28/ 2017-09-12_20-56-58/
[root@note2 ~]# innobackupex --incremental /data/backups --incremental-basedir=/mydata/xbdata/2017-09-12_20-56-58/
查看增量；
[root@note2 ~]# ls /mydata/xbdata/
2017-09-12_20-14-28 2017-09-12_20-56-58 2017-09-12_21-11-23
[root@note2 2017-09-12_21-11-23]# ls
backup-my.cnf mysql xtrabackup_checkpoints
ibdata1.delta performance_schema xtrabackup_info
ibdata1.meta test xtrabackup_logfile
mydb xtrabackup_binlog_info
[root@note2 2017-09-12_21-11-23]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = incremental
from_lsn = 2260017
to_lsn = 2262366
last_lsn = 2262366
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
上一个全量备份日志序列号与增量对序列号对比
；
[root@note2 xbdata]# cat 2017-09-12_20-56-58/xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = full-backuped
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 2260017
last_lsn = 2260017
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
在创建一个学生列表；并删除；
MariaDB [mydb]> INSERT INTO students (name) VALUES ('JIAO DA');
MariaDB [mydb]> DELETE FROM students WHERE stuid=3001;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
查看最后增量；
[root@note2 xbdata]# ls
2017-09-12_20-14-28 2017-09-12_20-56-58 2017-09-12_21-11-23
[root@note2 xbdata]# cat 2017-09-12_21-11-23/xtrabackup_info
uuid = e172b661-97bb-11e7-b798-000c2980ce95
name =
tool_name = innobackupex
tool_command = --incremental /mydata/xbdata/ --incremental-basedir=/mydata/xbdata/2017-09-12_20-56-58/
tool_version = 2.4.7
ibbackup_version = 2.4.7
server_version = 5.5.52-MariaDB
start_time = 2017-09-12 21:11:23
end_time = 2017-09-12 21:11:25
lock_time = 0
binlog_pos = filename 'master_log.000001', position '830'
innodb_from_lsn = 2260017
innodb_to_lsn = 2262366
partial = N
incremental = Y
format = file
compact = N
compressed = N
encrypted = N
[root@note2 xbdata]# mysqlbinlog -j 830 /var/lib/mysql/master_log.000001
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#170912 20:51:57 server id 1 end_log_pos 245 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.5.52-MariaDB created 170912 20:51:57 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
bdi3WQ8BAAAA8QAAAPUAAAABAAQANS41LjUyLU1hcmlhREIAbG9nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABt2LdZEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAA2QAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAi0NoCA==
'/*!*/;
创建临时文件；
[root@note2 xbdata]# mkdir /mydata/binlogs
将增量内容保存；
[root@note2 xbdata]# mysqlbinlog -j 830 /var/lib/mysql/master_log.000001 >/mydata/binlogs/2017-09-12_21-11-23-binlog
模拟故障，停止服务；
[root@note2 xbdata]# systemctl stop mariadb
[root@note2 xbdata]# cd
[root@note2 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
恢复；
1、同步、重做功能；
[root@note2 xbdata]# ls
2017-09-12_20-14-28 2017-09-12_20-56-58 2017-09-12_21-11-23
[root@note2 xbdata]# cd 2017-09-12_20-56-58/
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-56-58]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only ./
和并增量；
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-56-58]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only ./ --incremental-dir=/mydata/xbdata/2017-09-12_21-11-23/
检查全量备份有无改动；
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-56-58]# cat xtrabackup_checkpoints
backup_type = log-applied
from_lsn = 0
to_lsn = 2262366
last_lsn = 2262366
compact = 0
recover_binlog_info = 0
最后回滚；
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-56-58]# innobackupex --apply-log ./
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
InnoDB: 5.7.13 started; log sequence number 2262577
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 1
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 2262596
170912 22:18:20 completed OK!
恢复
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-56-58]# innobackupex --copy-back ./
170912 22:21:24 [01] ...done
170912 22:21:24 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
170912 22:21:24 [01] ...done
170912 22:21:24 [01] Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info
170912 22:21:24 [01] ...done
170912 22:21:24 [01] Copying ./ibtmp1 to /var/lib/mysql/ibtmp1
170912 22:21:24 [01] ...done
170912 22:21:24 completed OK!
查看文件所属；
[root@note2 2017-09-12_20-56-58]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@note2 mysql]# ll
总用量 40976
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 18874368 9月 12 22:21 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 5242880 9月 12 22:21 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 5242880 9月 12 22:21 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 9月 12 22:21 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 59 9月 12 22:21 mydb
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 9月 12 22:21 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 9月 12 22:21 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 20 9月 12 22:21 test
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 24 9月 12 22:21 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 527 9月 12 22:21 xtrabackup_info
更改所属者，所属组；
[root@note2 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql ./*
[root@note2 mysql]# ll
总用量 40976
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 18874368 9月 12 22:21 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 9月 12 22:21 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 5242880 9月 12 22:21 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 9月 12 22:21 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 59 9月 12 22:21 mydb
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 9月 12 22:21 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 9月 12 22:21 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 20 9月 12 22:21 test
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 24 9月 12 22:21 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 527 9月 12 22:21 xtrabackup_info
启动服务；
[root@note2 mysql]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@note2 mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.52-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> use mydb
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE stuid=1200;
+-------+---------+------+--------+-----------+
| stuid | name | age | gender | major |
+-------+---------+------+--------+-----------+
| 1200 | stu1200 | 74 | M | major1200 |
+-------+---------+------+--------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE stuid=1300;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mydb]> SELECT * FROM students WHERE stuid=1400;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
关掉二进制日志；
MariaDB [mydb]> SET @@session.sql_log_bin=OFF;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mydb]> \. /mydata/binlogs/2017-09-12_21-11-23-binlog
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Charset changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mydb]> SET @@session.sql_log_bin=ON;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
在做一次全量备份；
innobackupex --user=DBUSER --password=DBUSERPASS /PATH/TO/BACKUP-DIR/
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