webpack 模板代码是什么
webpack 都打包项目后,我们可以看到在我们的业务代码外面被包裹在了一段代码里面,而这段代码就是 webpack 生成的 runtime 代码,这里我就简称为 webpack 模板代码了
webpack 没有代码切割时生成文件
- 示例目录结构
.
├── README.md
├── dist # 打包生成文件
│ ├── 1.js # src/chunk.js => 1.js
│ ├── app.js # src/index.js => app.js
│ └── splitChunk.js # src/splitChunk.js => splitChunk.js
├── package.json
├── src
│ ├── chunk.js # 动态加载的chunk
│ ├── index.js # 非代码切割入口文件
│ └── splitChunk.js # 代码切割入口文件
├── webpack.config.js
└── yarn.lock
- index.js
// index.js
console.log('app')
- build 之后的文件
;(function(modules) {
// webpackBootstrap
// The module cache
var installedModules = {}
// The require function
function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {
// Check if module is in cache
if (installedModules[moduleId]) {
return installedModules[moduleId].exports
}
// Create a new module (and put it into the cache)
var module = (installedModules[moduleId] = {
i: moduleId,
l: false,
exports: {}
})
// Execute the module function
modules[moduleId].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __webpack_require__)
// Flag the module as loaded
module.l = true
// Return the exports of the module
return module.exports
}
// expose the modules object (__webpack_modules__)
__webpack_require__.m = modules
// expose the module cache
__webpack_require__.c = installedModules
// define getter function for harmony exports
__webpack_require__.d = function(exports, name, getter) {
if (!__webpack_require__.o(exports, name)) {
Object.defineProperty(exports, name, { enumerable: true, get: getter })
}
}
// define __esModule on exports
__webpack_require__.r = function(exports) {
if (typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.toStringTag) {
Object.defineProperty(exports, Symbol.toStringTag, { value: 'Module' })
}
Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true })
}
// create a fake namespace object
// mode & 1: value is a module id, require it
// mode & 2: merge all properties of value into the ns
// mode & 4: return value when already ns object
// mode & 8|1: behave like require
__webpack_require__.t = function(value, mode) {
if (mode & 1) value = __webpack_require__(value)
if (mode & 8) return value
if (mode & 4 && typeof value === 'object' && value && value.__esModule) return value
var ns = Object.create(null)
__webpack_require__.r(ns)
Object.defineProperty(ns, 'default', { enumerable: true, value: value })
if (mode & 2 && typeof value != 'string')
for (var key in value)
__webpack_require__.d(
ns,
key,
function(key) {
return value[key]
}.bind(null, key)
)
return ns
}
// getDefaultExport function for compatibility with non-harmony modules
__webpack_require__.n = function(module) {
var getter =
module && module.__esModule
? function getDefault() {
return module['default']
}
: function getModuleExports() {
return module
}
__webpack_require__.d(getter, 'a', getter)
return getter
}
// Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
__webpack_require__.o = function(object, property) {
return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, property)
}
// __webpack_public_path__
__webpack_require__.p = ''
// Load entry module and return exports
return __webpack_require__((__webpack_require__.s = 0))
})([
/* 0 */
function(module, exports) {
/* 这里是index.js打包后的代码 */
console.log('app')
}
])
- 可以看到,上面代码主要是生成
__webpack_require__
函数相关的内容,__webpack_require__
是 webpack runtime 是加载内部模块的方法 - 生成代码是立即执行函数表达式(IIFE),立即执行函数的调用参数是 webpack 处理的所有模块,一般情况下会一个文件为一个模块。modules 可为对象也可为数组,对象键值为模块路径或者模块 ID,值为模块的具体代码。为数组时,数组下标为模块 id
- 可以看到模块在被加载时会被传入三个参数,分别是
module
、exports
和__webpack_require__
简化一下以上代码可以如下
;(function(modules) {
// 用于缓存已经加载过的模块
var installedModules = {}
// 加载模块的方法
function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {
// 如果模块存在于缓存中就直接返回
if (installedModules[moduleId]) {
return installedModules[moduleId].exports
}
// 定义一个新的模块对象,并且存到缓存里
var module = (installedModules[moduleId] = {
i: moduleId,
l: false,
exports: {}
})
// 加载模块
modules[moduleId].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __webpack_require__)
// 模块加载完成标记
module.l = true
// 返回模块导出的对象
return module.exports
}
// 加载入口模块
return __webpack_require__(0)
})([
/* 0 */
function(module, exports) {
/* 这里是index.js打包后的代码 */
console.log('app')
}
])
webpack 存在代码切割时生成文件
- splitChunk.js
// splitChunk.js
import('./chunk').then(chunk => {
chunk.default()
console.log('done')
})
- chunk.js
// chunk.js
export default () => {
console.log('I am chunk')
}
- build 后生成
splitChunk.js
文件
;(function(modules) {
// webpackBootstrap
// install a JSONP callback for chunk loading
function webpackJsonpCallback(data) {
var chunkIds = data[0]
var moreModules = data[1]
// add "moreModules" to the modules object,
// then flag all "chunkIds" as loaded and fire callback
var moduleId,
chunkId,
i = 0,
resolves = []
for (; i < chunkIds.length; i++) {
chunkId = chunkIds[i]
if (installedChunks[chunkId]) {
resolves.push(installedChunks[chunkId][0])
}
installedChunks[chunkId] = 0
}
for (moduleId in moreModules) {
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(moreModules, moduleId)) {
modules[moduleId] = moreModules[moduleId]
}
}
if (parentJsonpFunction) parentJsonpFunction(data)
while (resolves.length) {
resolves.shift()()
}
}
// The module cache
var installedModules = {}
// object to store loaded and loading chunks
// undefined = chunk not loaded, null = chunk preloaded/prefetched
// Promise = chunk loading, 0 = chunk loaded
var installedChunks = {
0: 0
}
// script path function
function jsonpScriptSrc(chunkId) {
return __webpack_require__.p + '' + ({}[chunkId] || chunkId) + '.js'
}
// The require function
function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {
// Check if module is in cache
if (installedModules[moduleId]) {
return installedModules[moduleId].exports
}
// Create a new module (and put it into the cache)
var module = (installedModules[moduleId] = {
i: moduleId,
l: false,
exports: {}
})
// Execute the module function
modules[moduleId].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __webpack_require__)
// Flag the module as loaded
module.l = true
// Return the exports of the module
return module.exports
}
// This file contains only the entry chunk.
// The chunk loading function for additional chunks
__webpack_require__.e = function requireEnsure(chunkId) {
var promises = []
// JSONP chunk loading for javascript
var installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId]
if (installedChunkData !== 0) {
// 0 means "already installed".
// a Promise means "currently loading".
if (installedChunkData) {
promises.push(installedChunkData[2])
} else {
// setup Promise in chunk cache
var promise = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId] = [resolve, reject]
})
promises.push((installedChunkData[2] = promise))
// start chunk loading
var script = document.createElement('script')
var onScriptComplete
script.charset = 'utf-8'
script.timeout = 120
if (__webpack_require__.nc) {
script.setAttribute('nonce', __webpack_require__.nc)
}
script.src = jsonpScriptSrc(chunkId)
// create error before stack unwound to get useful stacktrace later
var error = new Error()
onScriptComplete = function(event) {
// avoid mem leaks in IE.
script.onerror = script.onload = null
clearTimeout(timeout)
var chunk = installedChunks[chunkId]
if (chunk !== 0) {
if (chunk) {
var errorType = event && (event.type === 'load' ? 'missing' : event.type)
var realSrc = event && event.target && event.target.src
error.message = 'Loading chunk ' + chunkId + ' failed.\n(' + errorType + ': ' + realSrc + ')'
error.name = 'ChunkLoadError'
error.type = errorType
error.request = realSrc
chunk[1](error)
}
installedChunks[chunkId] = undefined
}
}
var timeout = setTimeout(function() {
onScriptComplete({ type: 'timeout', target: script })
}, 120000)
script.onerror = script.onload = onScriptComplete
document.head.appendChild(script)
}
}
return Promise.all(promises)
}
// expose the modules object (__webpack_modules__)
__webpack_require__.m = modules
// expose the module cache
__webpack_require__.c = installedModules
// define getter function for harmony exports
__webpack_require__.d = function(exports, name, getter) {
if (!__webpack_require__.o(exports, name)) {
Object.defineProperty(exports, name, { enumerable: true, get: getter })
}
}
// define __esModule on exports
__webpack_require__.r = function(exports) {
if (typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && Symbol.toStringTag) {
Object.defineProperty(exports, Symbol.toStringTag, { value: 'Module' })
}
Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true })
}
// create a fake namespace object
// mode & 1: value is a module id, require it
// mode & 2: merge all properties of value into the ns
// mode & 4: return value when already ns object
// mode & 8|1: behave like require
__webpack_require__.t = function(value, mode) {
if (mode & 1) value = __webpack_require__(value)
if (mode & 8) return value
if (mode & 4 && typeof value === 'object' && value && value.__esModule) return value
var ns = Object.create(null)
__webpack_require__.r(ns)
Object.defineProperty(ns, 'default', { enumerable: true, value: value })
if (mode & 2 && typeof value != 'string')
for (var key in value)
__webpack_require__.d(
ns,
key,
function(key) {
return value[key]
}.bind(null, key)
)
return ns
}
// getDefaultExport function for compatibility with non-harmony modules
__webpack_require__.n = function(module) {
var getter =
module && module.__esModule
? function getDefault() {
return module['default']
}
: function getModuleExports() {
return module
}
__webpack_require__.d(getter, 'a', getter)
return getter
}
// Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
__webpack_require__.o = function(object, property) {
return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(object, property)
}
// __webpack_public_path__
__webpack_require__.p = ''
// on error function for async loading
__webpack_require__.oe = function(err) {
console.error(err)
throw err
}
var jsonpArray = (window['webpackJsonp'] = window['webpackJsonp'] || [])
var oldJsonpFunction = jsonpArray.push.bind(jsonpArray)
jsonpArray.push = webpackJsonpCallback
jsonpArray = jsonpArray.slice()
for (var i = 0; i < jsonpArray.length; i++) webpackJsonpCallback(jsonpArray[i])
var parentJsonpFunction = oldJsonpFunction
// Load entry module and return exports
return __webpack_require__((__webpack_require__.s = 0))
})([
/* 0 */
function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
__webpack_require__
.e(1)
.then(__webpack_require__.bind(null, 1))
.then(chunk => {
chunk.default()
console.log('done')
})
}
])
- 与前面没有代码切割时,主要多了
webpackJsonpCallback
和__webpack_require__.e
函数 - 简化后代码如下
;(function(modules) {
// js加载后执行的回调
// 一个chunk钟可以包含很多module
function webpackJsonpCallback(data) {}
// 已经被加载的chunk
// chunk值为0表示已经加载过了
var installedChunks = {
0: 0
}
// require模块
function __webpack_require__(moduleId) {}
// 加载js文件,插入script标签
__webpack_require__.e = function requireEnsure(chunkId) {}
// 读取已经在webpackJsonp中的模块,以在代码中使用
var jsonpArray = (window['webpackJsonp'] = window['webpackJsonp'] || [])
var oldJsonpFunction = jsonpArray.push.bind(jsonpArray)
// push方法修改为本模块的回调
jsonpArray.push = webpackJsonpCallback
jsonpArray = jsonpArray.slice()
for (var i = 0; i < jsonpArray.length; i++) webpackJsonpCallback(jsonpArray[i])
var parentJsonpFunction = oldJsonpFunction
return __webpack_require__((__webpack_require__.s = 0))
})([
/* 0 */
function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
__webpack_require__
.e(1) // 插入异步js的script标签
// 加载的js加载成功后自动执行webpackJsonp.push方法
// 把模块注册到modules上
// 加载该模块
.then(__webpack_require__.bind(null, 1))
.then(chunk => {
chunk.default()
console.log('done')
})
}
])
- 打包后
1.js
内容
;(window['webpackJsonp'] = window['webpackJsonp'] || []).push([
[1],
[
,
/* 0 */
/* 1 */
function(module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) {
'use strict'
__webpack_require__.r(__webpack_exports__)
__webpack_exports__['default'] = () => {
console.log('I am chunk')
}
}
]
])
- 代码切割后不同文件共享模块实现是通过全局变量
webpackJsonp
来实现的 - 异步的 js 文件加载成功后会制动执行代码,执行代码为
window['webpackJsonp'].push
方法,实际执行的函数为splitChunk.js
中的webpackJsonpCallback
方法 -
简单执行流程如下
chunk执行流程
提取 webpack runtime 到单独文件
设置 webpack 配置optimization.runtimeChunk
为true
,即可把 webpack 生成的模板文件到单独的文件里去,其他所有文件都会分离为 jsonp 形式的文件
实现一个简单的 webpack 模块加载功能
实现__webpack_require__
和window['webpackJsonp'].push
方法,具体代码在webpack-require中查看
- index.js
;(function(modules) {
// 缓存已经被require的模块
const installedModules = {}
// 加载模块
function __webpack_require__(id) {
if (installedModules[id]) {
return installedModules[id].exports
}
const module = (installedModules[id] = {
loaded: false,
exports: {}
})
modules[id].call(module.exports, module, module.exports, __webpack_require__)
// 标记模块已经被加载完成
module.loaded = true
return module.exports
}
// 缓存已经被加载的chunk
const installedChunks = {}
// js chunk文件加载成功后执行的回调
function webpackJsonpCallback(data) {
// js文件中存在的chunk名称
const chunkIds = data[0]
// chunk中导出的模块
const moreModules = data[1]
const resolves = []
// 让包含在一个js文件中的所有chunk都完成加载
// 一个js文件可能包含多个打包前的文件
for (i = 0; i < chunkIds.length; i++) {
const chunkId = chunkIds[i]
if (installedChunks[chunkId]) {
resolves.push(installedChunks[chunkId][0])
}
installedChunks[chunkId] = 0
}
// 拷贝chunk中的模块
for (let moduleId in moreModules) {
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(moreModules, moduleId)) {
modules[moduleId] = moreModules[moduleId]
}
}
// 让__webpack_require__.e执行返回的promise全部resolve
while (resolves.length) {
resolves.shift()()
}
}
// 加载已经存在于window.webpackJsonp中的模块
const jsonpArray = (window.webpackJsonp = window.webpackJsonp || [])
jsonpArray.push = webpackJsonpCallback
for (let i = 0; i < jsonpArray.length; i++) webpackJsonpCallback(jsonpArray[i])
// 插入script标签
__webpack_require__.e = function(chunkId) {
const promises = []
let installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId]
// 已经缓存就直接返回
if (installedChunkData === 0) return Promise.all(promises)
if (installedChunkData) {
// 加载中的情况
promises.push(installedChunkData[2])
} else {
// 全新加载
const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
installedChunkData = installedChunks[chunkId] = [resolve, reject]
})
installedChunkData[2] = promise
promises.push(promise)
const script = document.createElement('script')
// 根据chunkId转换为url
const chunksSrc = {
'./chunk.js': './chunk.js',
'./chunks-1.js': './chunks.js',
'./chunks-2.js': './chunks.js'
}
script.src = chunksSrc[chunkId]
// js加载完成事件
onScriptComplete = function(event) {
clearTimeout(timeout)
// 避免IE内存泄漏
script.onerror = script.onload = null
// 没有在已经完成的chunk里面就认为加载失败
const chunk = installedChunks[chunkId]
if (chunk !== 0) {
if (chunk) {
chunk[1](`${chunkId}加载失败`)
}
installedChunks[chunkId] = undefined
}
}
script.onerror = script.onload = onScriptComplete
// 超时设置
const timeout = setTimeout(() => onScriptComplete(), 120000)
document.head.appendChild(script)
}
return Promise.all(promises)
}
// 加载入口文件
return __webpack_require__('./index.js')
})({
'./index.js': function(module, exports, __webpack_require__) {
console.log('I am index.js')
// 加载./chunk.js
__webpack_require__
.e('./chunk.js')
.then(() => __webpack_require__('./chunk.js'))
.then(data => {
data.default()
})
// 加载./chunks-1.js
__webpack_require__
.e('./chunks-1.js')
.then(() => __webpack_require__('./chunks-1.js'))
.then(data => {
data.default()
})
// 加载./chunks-2.js
__webpack_require__
.e('./chunks-2.js')
.then(() => __webpack_require__('./chunks-2.js'))
.then(data => {
data.default()
})
}
})
- chunk.js
;(window['webpackJsonp'] = window['webpackJsonp'] || []).push([
['./chunk.js'],
{
'./chunk.js': function(module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) {
'use strict'
__webpack_exports__['default'] = () => {
console.log('I am chunk')
}
}
}
])
- chunks.js
// 一个文件包含多个chunk
;(window['webpackJsonp'] = window['webpackJsonp'] || []).push([
['./chunks-1.js', './chunks-2.js'],
{
'./chunks-1.js': function(module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) {
'use strict'
__webpack_exports__['default'] = () => {
console.log('I am chunks-1')
}
},
'./chunks-2.js': function(module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) {
'use strict'
__webpack_exports__['default'] = () => {
console.log('I am chunks-2')
}
}
}
])
链接
本文同步发布到 github,里面的示例代码可在 github 上查看 webpack 模板代码
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