Vue实现图形化积木式编程(一)

作者: 温温温B | 来源:发表于2021-08-13 17:15 被阅读0次

前言

前段时间想要做一个web端的图形化积木式编程（类似少儿编程）的案例，网上冲浪了一圈又一圈，终于技术选型好，然后代码一顿敲，终于出来了一个雏形。

TIPS：该案例设计主要参考iRobot Coding,只用做学习用途，侵删。

https://code.irobot.com/#/

最终实现效果

本文实现效果

可移动相机视角查看3d模型

可移动相机视角

技术选型

1.前端

vuetify - 基于vue的界面框架
babylon.js - 3d图形引擎
ammo.js - 物理引擎库
blockly - 模块化编程工具

后端

ThinkJS - 基于Node.js的后端框架

完整代码

一个完整的vue文件

<template>
  <div style="height: 100%;width: 100%;">
    <div>
      <canvas id="renderCanvas"></canvas>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import * as BABYLON from 'babylonjs';
import * as BABYLON_MATERAIAL from "babylonjs-materials"

function loadScene() {
  //获取到renderCanvas这个元素
  var canvas = document.getElementById("renderCanvas");
  //初始化引擎
  var engine = new BABYLON.Engine(canvas, true);
  //初始化场景
  var scene = new BABYLON.Scene(engine);
  //注册一个渲染循环来重复渲染场景
  engine.runRenderLoop(function () {
    scene.render();
  });
  //浏览器窗口变化时监听
  window.addEventListener("resize", function () {
    engine.resize();
  });

  //相机初始化
  var camera = new BABYLON.ArcRotateCamera("Camera", 0, 0, 5, new BABYLON.Vector3(0, 0, 10), scene);
  camera.setPosition(new BABYLON.Vector3(20, 200, 400));
  //相机角度限制
  camera.upperBetaLimit = 1.5;//最大z轴旋转角度差不多45度俯瞰
  camera.lowerRadiusLimit = 50;//最小缩小比例
  camera.upperRadiusLimit = 1500;//最大放大比例
  //变焦速度
  camera.wheelPrecision = 1; //电脑滚轮速度 越小灵敏度越高
  camera.pinchPrecision = 20; //手机放大缩小速度 越小灵敏度越高
  scene.activeCamera.panningSensibility = 100;//右键平移灵敏度
  // 将相机和画布关联
  camera.attachControl(canvas, true);

  //灯光初始化
  var light = new BABYLON.HemisphericLight("light1", new BABYLON.Vector3(0, 10, 0), scene);
  //设置高光颜色
  light.specular = new BABYLON.Color3(0, 0, 0);
  //设置灯光强度
  light.intensity = 1

  // 绿地初始化
  var materialPlane = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial("texturePlane", scene);
  materialPlane.diffuseColor = new BABYLON.Color3(152 / 255.0, 209 / 255.0, 115 / 255.0)
  materialPlane.backFaceCulling = false;
  materialPlane.freeze()
  var plane = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateDisc("ground", {radius: 3000}, scene);
  plane.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2;
  plane.material = materialPlane;
  plane.position.y = -0.1;
  plane.freezeWorldMatrix()

  //网格地板初始化
  const groundSide = 144;
  var ground = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateGround("ground", groundSide, groundSide, 1, scene, true);
  var groundMaterial = new BABYLON_MATERAIAL.GridMaterial("grid", scene);
  groundMaterial.mainColor = BABYLON.Color3.White();//底板颜色
  groundMaterial.alpha = 1;//透明度
  const gridLineGray = 0.95;
  groundMaterial.lineColor = new BABYLON.Color3(gridLineGray, gridLineGray, gridLineGray);
  groundMaterial.backFaceCulling = true; // 可看到背面
  //大网格间距
  groundMaterial.majorUnitFrequency = 16;
  //小网格间距
  groundMaterial.minorUnitVisibility = 0;
  const gridOffset = 8; // 网格偏移量
  groundMaterial.gridOffset = new BABYLON.Vector3(gridOffset, 0, gridOffset);
  groundMaterial.freeze(); // 冻结材质，优化渲染速度
  ground.material = groundMaterial
  ground.freezeWorldMatrix()

  //正方形物体初始化
  var blueBox = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateBox("blue", 10, scene);
  var blueMat = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial("ground", scene);
  blueMat.diffuseColor = new BABYLON.Color3(0.4, 0.4, 0.4);
  blueMat.specularColor = new BABYLON.Color3(0.4, 0.4, 0.4);
  blueMat.emissiveColor = BABYLON.Color3.Blue();
  // blueMat.wireframe = true;//网格状
  blueBox.material = blueMat;
  //起始位置坐标
  blueBox.position.x = 0;
  blueBox.position.y = 5;
  blueBox.position.z = 0;

  //天空盒初始化
  var skyMaterial = new BABYLON_MATERAIAL.SkyMaterial("skyMaterial", scene);
  skyMaterial.inclination = 0
  skyMaterial.backFaceCulling = false;
  var skybox = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateBox("skyBox", 5000.0, scene);
  skybox.material = skyMaterial;
}


export default {
  name: "test",
  data() {
    return {
    }
  },
  mounted() {
    //加载场景
    loadScene()
  },
}
</script>

<style scoped>
#renderCanvas {
  width: 680px;
  height: 680px;
  touch-action: none;
  z-index: 10000;
  border-radius: 10px;
}
</style>

babylonjs入门场景学习

0、npm安装相关依赖

npm install babylonjs babylonjs-gui babylonjs-loaders babylonjs-materials --save

安装的模块在package.json中生成

"dependencies": {
 {
    "babylonjs": "^4.2.0",//babylon核心库
    "babylonjs-gui": "^4.2.0",//UI界面库（按钮等）
    "babylonjs-loaders": "^4.2.0",//开机加载库（修改启动动画的）
    "babylonjs-materials": "^4.2.0"//材质库，有些材质像是SkyMaterial，babylonjs库的默认材质中是没有这个对象的
}

1、引入模块

import * as BABYLON from 'babylonjs';
import * as BABYLON_MATERAIAL from "babylonjs-materials"

2、场景初始化

template中

<div>
     <canvas id="renderCanvas"></canvas>
</div>

css中

#renderCanvas {
  width: 680px;
  height: 680px;
  touch-action: none;
  z-index: 10000;
  border-radius: 10px;
}

js中

//获取到renderCanvas这个元素
var canvas = document.getElementById("renderCanvas");
//初始化引擎
var engine = new BABYLON.Engine(canvas, true);
//初始化场景
var scene = new BABYLON.Scene(engine);
//注册一个渲染循环来重复渲染场景
engine.runRenderLoop(function () {
  scene.render();
});
//浏览器窗口变化时监听
window.addEventListener("resize", function () {
  engine.resize();
});

3、ArcRotateCamera 相机初始化

var camera = new BABYLON.ArcRotateCamera("Camera", 0, 0, 5, new BABYLON.Vector3(0,0,10), scene);
camera.setPosition(new BABYLON.Vector3(20, 200, 400));
//相机角度限制
 camera.upperBetaLimit = 1.5;//最大z轴旋转角度差不多45度俯瞰
camera.lowerRadiusLimit = 50;//最小缩小比例
camera.upperRadiusLimit = 1500;//最大放大比例
//变焦速度
camera.wheelPrecision = 1; //电脑滚轮速度 越小灵敏度越高
camera.pinchPrecision = 20; //手机放大缩小速度 越小灵敏度越高
scene.activeCamera.panningSensibility = 100;//右键平移灵敏度
// 将相机和画布关联
camera.attachControl(canvas, true);

4、灯光初始化

//设置半球光
var light = new BABYLON.HemisphericLight("light1", new BABYLON.Vector3(0, 10, 0), scene);
//设置高光颜色
light.specular = new BABYLON.Color3(0, 0, 0);
//设置灯光强度
light.intensity = 1

5、地面初始化

5.1、绿地

// 添加地面
var materialPlane = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial("texturePlane", scene);
materialPlane.diffuseColor = new BABYLON.Color3(152 / 255.0, 209 / 255.0, 115 / 255.0)
materialPlane.backFaceCulling = false;//Allways show the front and the back of an element
materialPlane.freeze()
var plane = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateDisc("ground", {radius: 6000}, scene);
plane.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2;
plane.material = materialPlane;
plane.position.y = -0.01;
plane.freezeWorldMatrix()

5.2、网格地面

//地板
  const groundSide = 144;
  var ground = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateGround("ground", groundSide, groundSide, 1, scene, true);
  var groundMaterial = new BABYLON_MATERAIAL.GridMaterial("grid", scene);
  groundMaterial.freeze(); // Optimization.
  groundMaterial.mainColor = BABYLON.Color3.White();//底板颜色
  groundMaterial.alpha = 1;//透明度
  const gridLineGray = 0.95;
  groundMaterial.lineColor = new BABYLON.Color3(gridLineGray, gridLineGray, gridLineGray);
  groundMaterial.backFaceCulling = true; // Change this if the back of the pad needs to be visible.
  //大网格间距
  groundMaterial.majorUnitFrequency = 16;
  //小网格间距
  groundMaterial.minorUnitVisibility = 0;
  const gridOffset = 0; // This makes the grid cells to be aligned with the pad's borders.
  groundMaterial.gridOffset = new BABYLON.Vector3(gridOffset, 0, gridOffset);
  ground.material = groundMaterial
  ground.freezeWorldMatrix()

TIPS：很多同学会发现，将两个平面叠加时，移动相机视角，会出现虫影现象

两平面叠加虫影

优化方案

//1、冻结材质和模型
//绿地
//设置为静态网格,freezeWorldMatrix之后，改变postion、rotation是无效的
plane.freezeWorldMatrix()
//将材质冻结
plane.material.freeze()
//网格
ground.freezeWorldMatrix()
ground.material.freeze()
//2、增大两个物体的y轴间距
plane.position.y = -0.1

6、正方体物体初始化

 //添加物体
var blueBox = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateBox("blue", 10, scene);
var blueMat = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial("ground", scene);
blueMat.diffuseColor = new BABYLON.Color3(0.4, 0.4, 0.4);
blueMat.specularColor = new BABYLON.Color3(0.4, 0.4, 0.4);
blueMat.emissiveColor = BABYLON.Color3.Blue();
// blueMat.wireframe = true;//网格状
blueBox.material = blueMat;
//起始位置坐标
blueBox.position.x = 0;
blueBox.position.y = 5;
blueBox.position.z = 0;

7、天空盒初始化

//天空盒初始化
var skyMaterial = new BABYLON_MATERAIAL.SkyMaterial("skyMaterial", scene);
skyMaterial.inclination = 0
skyMaterial.backFaceCulling = false;
var skybox = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateBox("skyBox", 5000.0, scene);
skybox.material = skyMaterial;

后续计划

Babylon.js

加载网络模型
点击移动物体
自定义启动界面
初始化摄像机动画
物体重力效果
babylonjs-gui 按钮实现
babylonjs+ammojs 碰撞体实现
将3d界面放入可拖动窗口中

Blockly

入门使用blockly
自定义block块
blockly第三方组件使用
接入js-interpreter，步骤运行block块
......(想到啥写啥)

开源项目GitHub链接

https://github.com/Wenbile/Child-Programming-Web

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本文标题：Vue实现图形化积木式编程(一)

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