1. Git简介

• linus用C语言编写
• 2005年诞生
• 分布式版本管理系统
• 速度快，适合大规模，跨地区多人协同开发

2. 本地版本管理

本地版本管理

2.1 集中式

集中式

2.2 分布式

分布式

3. Git生态

• Git分布式版本管理系统
• Gitlab git私库解决方案
• Github git公有库解决方案

4. Git安装

• CentOS
  yum install git（这种方法安装版本太旧）
• Ubuntu
  apt-get install git
• Windows安装git bash
• Linux编译安装（注意不要使用git1.8以下版本，推荐使用2.7以上版本

CentOS示例：
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel gcc perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker -y    ---安装依赖
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://github.com/git/git/archive/v2.7.4.zip -O git-2.7.4.zip    ---下载git
[root@localhost ~]# unzip git-2.7.4.zip     ---解压
[root@localhost ~]# cd git-2.7.4/
[root@localhost git-2.7.4]# make prefix=/usr/local/git all    ---编译
[root@localhost git-2.7.4]# make prefix=/usr/local/git install    ---安装
[root@localhost git-2.7.4]# vi /etc/profile
export $PATH=/usr/local/git/bin/$PATH    ---在最后面添加这行
:wq
[root@localhost git-2.7.4]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost git-2.7.4]# git --version
git version 2.7.4
初始化git：
[root@localhost test]# mkdir test
[root@localhost test]# cd test/
[root@localhost test]# git init
[root@localhost test]# git config --global user.name "zheng"
[root@localhost test]# git config --global user.email zheng@qq.com
[root@localhost test]# git config --list
user.name=zheng
user.email=zheng@qq.com
core.repositoryformatversion=0
core.filemode=true
core.bare=false
core.logallrefupdates=true

5. Git原理

四个区域 四种状态 常用命令

示例1：

root@localhost ~]# cd test/
[root@localhost test]# touch index.html
[root@localhost test]# vi index.html 
<h1>hello world</h1>
:wq
[root@localhost test]# git status
On branch master
Initial commit
Untracked files:    ---未被追踪文件
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    index.html
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
[root@localhost test]# git add index.html     ---添加进代码库
[root@localhost test]# git status
On branch master
Initial commit
Changes to be committed:    ---在这个下面的就为暂存区里
  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)    ---文件已经在暂存区里，要撤回来的话用“git rm --cached <file>”
    new file:   index.html
[root@localhost test]# git commit -m "first commit"    ---提交到本地仓库
[master (root-commit) b613f50] first commit
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 index.html
[root@localhost test]# git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working directory clean    ---工作目录为空
[root@localhost test]# git log
commit b613f505626d37c74b262ba5a345ef41740785fb    ---ID
Author: zheng <zheng@qq.com>
Date:   Sat Mar 2 20:33:08 2019 +0800
    first commit

示例2：

创建第二个文件：
[root@localhost test]# touch test.html
[root@localhost test]# vi test.html 
Hello World
:wq
[root@localhost test]# git add test.html 
[root@localhost test]# git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    new file:   test.html
[root@localhost test]# touch news.html
news
:wq
[root@localhost test]# git add news.html 
[root@localhost test]# git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    new file:   news.html
    new file:   test.html    ---假设这个没开发完，需要撤回来
[root@localhost test]# git rm --cached test.html     ---撤回来
rm 'test.html'
[root@localhost test]# git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    new file:   news.html
Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    test.html    ---被拉回去工作目录了
[root@localhost test]# git commit -m "news"    ---把没问题的news提交
[master 8ce4e28] news
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 news.html
[root@localhost test]# git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    test.html
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
[root@localhost test]# vi test.html     ---修改bug
Hello World
fixed bug    ---修改内容
:wq
[root@localhost test]# git add test.html 
[root@localhost test]# git commit -m "test"
[master 8880be9] test
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 test.html
[root@localhost test]# git log
commit 8880be9fc12c00fe8f5a26a5f87e6b6af193ac7b
Author: zheng <zheng@qq.com>
Date:   Sat Mar 2 20:43:44 2019 +0800
    test
commit 8ce4e28510f0bdf1153c064e507b11e2b2052744
Author: zheng <zheng@qq.com>
Date:   Sat Mar 2 20:41:12 2019 +0800
    news
commit b613f505626d37c74b262ba5a345ef41740785fb
Author: zheng <zheng@qq.com>
Date:   Sat Mar 2 20:33:08 2019 +0800
    first commit