智能合约简单编程

作者: 小朴同学 | 来源:发表于2019-02-18 10:49 被阅读8次

投票智能合约的编译和调用
智能合约简单编程
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投票合约
Solidity之合约讲解 - 写一个"僵尸"智能合约(小朋友请
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20180202_以太坊智能合约编程学习小结_区块链_经验_20
最简单的智能合约
solidity系列教程<十三>remix 在线发布智能合约
用于智能合约的 Solidity 语言

编译问题

1.6版本之前和1.6版本及之后，最大的差异就是就是得到abi和bytecode的方式不同。之前的直接集合geth的环境中。之后的需要单独提出来进行处理。下面介绍的就是1.6版本后。abi和bytecode的获取。

第一种方式。在编译网站进行编译，然后选中compile（编译按钮）->点击Details（详情按钮）->弹出的界面中下滑找到WEB3DEPLOY，得到内容。或者下滑找到BYTECODE，点击复制，然后在数据前加0x，找到INTERFACE - ABI，然后这就是abi。

// web3.eth.contract()中括号中的内容就是abi
// abi = [{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"count","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"getCount","outputs":[{"name":"a","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]
var browser_ballot_sol_simplestorageContract = web3.eth.contract([{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"count","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"getCount","outputs":[{"name":"a","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]);
// 下面中data对应的内容就是bytecode
// bytecode = '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'
var browser_ballot_sol_simplestorage = browser_ballot_sol_simplestorageContract.new(
   {
     from: web3.eth.accounts[0], 
     data: '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', 
     gas: '4700000'
   }, function (e, contract){
    console.log(e, contract);
    if (typeof contract.address !== 'undefined') {
         console.log('Contract mined! address: ' + contract.address + ' transactionHash: ' + contract.transactionHash);
    }
 })

第二种方式用安装Solidity，然后命令行进行编译

soliditySource.sol就是把示例代码保存的一个文件，后缀是.sol
// 生成bytecode，输出的内容最前加上 0x,也就是0和x
solc --bin soliditySource.sol
// 生成abi
solc --abi soliditySource.sol

Solidity代码示例

pragma solidity ^0.4.0;

contract SimpleStorage {
    // 一个公开的变量
    uint256 public count = 7;

    // 一个私有的方法
    function multiply(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256 b) {
        return a * 7;
    }
    
    // 一个公开的方法
    function getCount() public constant returns (uint256 a) {
        return multiply(count);
    }
}

部署

进入geth环境。参考本地以太坊调用的测试

进入配置如下：

// 进入geth环境
localhost:ethereum zsk$ ./start.sh 00
// 确保你的用户存在且你本身有币（也就是你挖矿到一定数量的以太币）。不然如果没有币你在部署的时候会报错，具体错误不表
// 用user变量接受用户地址
> user = eth.accounts[0]
// abi变量接受abi真实数据
> abi = [{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"count","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"getCount","outputs":[{"name":"a","type":"uint256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]
// bytecode接受真实的bytecode数据
bytecode = '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'
> contract = web3.eth.contract(abi)
// 先解锁用户 abc123是创建用户的密码
> personal.unlockAccount(user, 'abc123')
// 发布合约 user就是用户地址，data就是bytecode字节，gas就是交易消耗的币，其他的暂时可以不管
> contractObject = contract.new({from: user,data:bytecode,gas: 4700000}, function (e, contract){console.log(e, contract);if (typeof contract.address !== 'undefined') {console.log('Contract mined! address: ' + contract.address + ' transactionHash: ' + contract.transactionHash);}})
// 此时代表有一笔交易待确定
> txpool.status
    {
      pending: 1,
      queued: 0
    }
// 查看待确认交易的详细内容 from数据项就是我们发送交易的地址，input就是合约编译完成的字节码，这些内容均与我们之前的设定相同。而且，我们可以看到新的交易创建在第92区块中
> eth.getBlock("pending",true).transactions
    [{
        blockHash: "0x619c95ad722b88fe301d59ef962b4fee52ab75184520ebe85f780230f6bed96e",
        blockNumber: 92,
        from: "0x4079a3f5ffeeb7a84a4a582e9fc5f25579c3bba0",
        gas: 4700000,
        gasPrice: 18000000000,
        hash: "0x6b02ebd337e7e48f858c387c24f1f1dbc2ead86027dd36b95a319fde4c1004e2",
        input: "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",
        nonce: 10,
        r: "0x6db55d786e54d2f99befc78a28623548dac27e8b9b20b267a8681f9f79cec35a",
        s: "0x6ba72c168c000cbc7b8cc3c30eaa50b9afaf86fa90b259bc017042701dbe1090",
        to: null,
        transactionIndex: 0,
        v: "0x42",
        value: 0
    }]
// 要进行挖矿，才能得到合约才能得到确认，本地测试网络必须是本节点挖矿，其他的节点挖矿不行。
> miner.start()
// 等到出现就代表着合约部署完成
Contract mined! address: 0x59e9808ff1ca975193801a96552e4883ebbcb26f transactionHash: 0x95ac41354a8bf5907a2c68365331b3adad2a9313691b41b103b74c20aa047c58
// 查看第92号区块的信息 发现hash值与transactions中的值保持一致，说明数据已经写进入块了
> eth.getBlock(92)
    {
      difficulty: 189762,
      extraData: "0xd883010702846765746887676f312e392e328664617277696e",
      gasLimit: 3925747580,
      gasUsed: 134976,
      hash: "0xb1b0e57bc1ecb95822945c4360ebd937f7d78e5e41610ad6d5fb82bcfb30378c",
      logsBloom: "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
      miner: "0x4079a3f5ffeeb7a84a4a582e9fc5f25579c3bba0",
      mixHash: "0x1b3e18f44b4e2c2aca124811bd2affe4d9295541016191c9083829e8d5506d34",
      nonce: "0x5d02db68ddcd3c03",
      number: 92,
      parentHash: "0xe035d79196ffc1864b30bd47685860132dd12c425c3d268cd6604d23afdb2061",
      receiptsRoot: "0x57fa38ab7e361c5b9fb23ec518e103ecce8e219303b65a5a9f871d1b37656bcb",
      sha3Uncles: "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
      size: 895,
      stateRoot: "0x6c6daa8481c9293e7ff9a701c6f957b719b3f43f1bccc644067e1a4b9a84c3b7",
      timestamp: 1510226672,
      totalDifficulty: 21191635,
      transactions: ["0x6b02ebd337e7e48f858c387c24f1f1dbc2ead86027dd36b95a319fde4c1004e2"],
      transactionsRoot: "0x1a5035077c1cfdf8b10900b7847df60138968857c19c16d11383a7a4977da158",
      uncles: []
    }
// 获得合约的实例，输出的最下面count就是我们公开的变量，getCount就是我们公开的方法
> myContractInstance = contract.at(contractObject.address)
    {
      abi: [{
          constant: true,
          inputs: [],
          name: "count",
          outputs: [{...}],
          payable: false,
          stateMutability: "view",
          type: "function"
      }, {
          constant: true,
          inputs: [],
          name: "getCount",
          outputs: [{...}],
          payable: false,
          stateMutability: "view",
          type: "function"
      }],
      address: "0x2f58bd410dc3494cf801aeb5907c6cd154360ad2",
      transactionHash: null,
      allEvents: function(),
      count: function(),
      getCount: function()
    }
// 调用变量输出变量值
> myContractInstance.count.call()
    7
// 调用方法，输出返回的值
> myContractInstance.getCount.call()
    49

参考资料
编译器官方代码solidity
solidity官方开发文档
 浏览器端的编译网站
 Ethereum 智能合约实战

geth1.6部署智能合约
 Ethereum 智能合约实战
 ethereum-learn学习笔记
 stackexchange: How to compile Solidity contracts with Geth v1.6?
直接在1.6之后使用之前的代码执行会提醒eth_compileSolidity，官方讨论
 老的版本介绍基础知识可以参考学习：以太坊智能合约编程之菜鸟教程
 深入解析调用合约的三种方法

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