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GeoServer中WMS、WFS的请求规范

GeoServer中WMS、WFS的请求规范

作者: 不玩了啊 | 来源:发表于2019-11-21 16:58 被阅读0次

    转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/naaoveGIS/

    1.背景

    1.1WMS简介

    Web地图服务(WMS)利用具有地理空间位置信息的数据制作地图。其中将地图定义为地理数据可视的表现。这个规范定义了三个操作:GetCapabitities返回服务级元数据,它是对服务信息内容和要求参数的一种描述; GetMap返回一个地图影像,其地理空间参考和大小参数是明确定义了的;GetFeatureInfo(可选)返回显示在地图上的某些特殊要素的信息。

    GeoServer官网上对其WMS规范的描述地址为http://docs.geoserver.org/stable/en/user/services/wms/index.html

    1.2WFS简介

    Web要素服务(WFS)返回的是要素级的GML编码,并提供对要素的增加、修改、删除等事务操作,是对Web地图服务的进一步深入。OGC Web要素服务允许客户端从多个Web要素服务中取得使用地理标记语言(GML)编码的地理空间数据,这个远东定义了五个操作:GetCapabilites返回Web要素服务性能描述文档(用XML描述);DescribeFeatureType返回描述可以提供服务的任何要素结构的XML文档;GetFeature为一个获取要素实例的请求提供服务;Transaction为事务请求提供服务;LockFeature处理在一个事务期间对一个或多个要素类型实例上锁的请求。

    GeoServer官网上对其WFS规范的描述地址为http://docs.geoserver.org/stable/en/user/services/wfs/index.html

    2.WMS请求规范详解

    2.1GetCapabitities(返回服务级元数据)

    URL例子:

    http://localhost:8680/geoserver/wms?service=wms&version=1.1.1&request=GetCapabilities

    参数意义:

    image

    返回结果:

    其返回结果为一个描述性XML文档,包含了以下三个要素:

    image

    2.2GetMap(获取影像)

    URL例子:

    http://localhost:8680/geoserver/urbanlayer/wms?LAYERS=urbanlayer%3ADIJI&STYLES=&FORMAT=image%2Fpng&SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.1&REQUEST=GetMap&SRS=EPSG%3A3857&BBOX=10008053.503544,5274522.8578226,10039584.01305,5292493.614536&WIDTH=579&HEIGHT=330

    参数意义:

    image

    这里对返回的格式(format)有如下选择:

    image

    返回结果:

    image

    注意:此请求同样支持XML格式请求,如下:

    image

    2.3GetFeatureInfo(返回要素信息)

    URL例子:

    http://localhost:8680/geoserver/urbanlayer/wms?REQUEST=GetFeatureInfo&EXCEPTIONS=application%2Fvnd.ogc.se_xml&BBOX=10008053.503544%2C5274522.857823%2C10039584.01305%2C5292493.614536&SERVICE=WMS&INFO_FORMAT=text/plain&QUERY_LAYERS=urbanlayer%3ADIJI&FEATURE_COUNT=50&Layers=urbanlayer%3ADIJI&WIDTH=579&HEIGHT=330&format=image%2Fpng&styles=&srs=EPSG%3A3857&version=1.1.1&x=315&y=147

    参数意义:

    image

    这里对返回的文本格式(info_format)有如下选择:

    image

    返回结果(忽略中文乱码):

    image

    3.WFS请求规范

    3.1GetCapabilities(返回服务描述文档)

    URL例子:

    http://localhost:8680/geoserver/wfs?service=wfs&version=1.1.0&request=GetCapabilities

    参数意义:

    image

    返回结果:

    返回的结果为描述性XML,包含以下五个主要部分:

    image

    3.2DescribeFeatureType(返回图层描述信息)

    URL例子:

    http://localhost:8680/geoserver/urbanlayer/ows?service=wfs&version=1.0.0&request=DescribeFeatureType&typeName=DIJI

    参数意义:

    image

    返回结果:

    image

    3.3GetFeature(获取图层要素)

    3.3.1GET查询

    这里首先给出一个例子:

    image

    http://localhost:8080/eGovaGISV14//home/gis/proxy.htm?http://192.168.101.14/geoserver/urbanlayer/wfs?request=GetFeature&version=1.1.0&typename=jianfudanhistory&Filter=%3CFilter%20xmlns:ogc=%22http://www.opengis.net/ogc%22%20xmlns:gml=%22http://www.opengis.net/gml%22%3E%3CIntersects%3E%20%3CPropertyName%3Ethe_geom%3C/PropertyName%3E%20%3Cgml:Envelope%20srsName=%22EPSG:4326%22%3E%09%20%3Cgml:lowerCorner%3E120.1762573834964%2030.280899047851562%3C/gml:lowerCorner%3E%20%09%20%3Cgml:upperCorner%3E120.18999029365265%2030.294631958007812%3C/gml:upperCorner%3E%20%3C/gml:Envelope%3E%3C/Intersects%3E%3C/Filter%3E&outputformat=json

    此请求常见的参数有:typeNames,featureID,propertyName,Filter, count, sortBy。其中Filter参数最为重要,主要负责进行选择过滤。关于Filter的具体描述可参考:http://docs.geoserver.org/stable/en/user/filter/function.html

    返回结果为:

    {"type":"FeatureCollection","features":[{"type":"Feature","id":"jianfudan.322","geometry":{"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[30.276436000822056,120.20021],[30.275750000822033,120.20021],[30.22768400082126,120.22562],[30.245537000821543,120.17343000000001],[30.276436000822056,120.20021]]]]},"geometry_name":"the_geom","properties":{"limitid":71,"displayorder":null,"regionid":3,"validfromdate":"2016-05-15Z","validtodate":"2016-06-14Z","validflag":1,"media":null,"shape_length":null,"shape_area":null,"graphicid":322,"regionname":"江干区","eventtypes":null,"otherrequest":null,"limitname":"上报区域71"}},{"type":"Feature","id":"jianfudan.318","geometry":{"type":"MultiPolygon","coordinates":[[[[30.26407600082185,120.19668600000001],[30.26407600082185,120.196434],[30.262875000821833,120.20785],[30.24708200082157,120.203896],[30.255150000821704,120.187164],[30.26407600082185,120.19668600000001]]]]},"geometry_name":"the_geom","properties":{"limitid":72,"displayorder":null,"regionid":3,"validfromdate":"2016-05-04Z","validtodate":"2016-06-03Z","validflag":1,"media":"http://172.18.6.197:8081/MediaRoot/null/20160505/72/84989ee1-9bab-4640-8f24-4a7381f1c4e8/机票预订.png","shape_length":null,"shape_area":null,"graphicid":318,"regionname":"江干区","eventtypes":"乱搭乱建,暴露垃圾,积存垃圾渣土,路面不洁,河道不洁(含沟渠、湖面)","otherrequest":"测试","limitname":"上报区域72"}}],"crs":{"type":"EPSG","properties":{"code":"4490"}}}

    3.3.1.1点查询Filter

    <Filterxmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"><Intersects><PropertyName>the_geom</PropertyName><gml:EnvelopesrsName="EPSG:4326"><gml:lowerCorner>120.15336460382575 30.2743621901609</gml:lowerCorner><gml:upperCorner>120.167097513982 30.28809510031715</gml:upperCorner></gml:Envelope></Intersects></Filter>

    3.3.1.2自定义多边形查询Filter

    <Filterxmlns:ogc="http://www.opengis.net/ogc"xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"><Intersects><PropertyName>the_geom</PropertyName><gml:MultiPolygonsrsName="EPSG:4326"><gml:polygonMember><gml:Polygon><gml:outerBoundaryIs><gml:LinearRing><gml:coordinatesxmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"decimal="."cs=","ts="">120.15677,30.2557 120.15677,30.26351 120.16833,30.26351 120.16833,30.2557 120.15677,30.2557</gml:coordinates></gml:LinearRing></gml:outerBoundaryIs></gml:Polygon></gml:polygonMember></gml:MultiPolygon></Intersects></Filter>

    3.3.2Post查询

    因为GET请求的数据量大小在4kb以内,所以Post为更常用的方法。以下为一个具体的例子:

    image

    其中直接发送的为一个XML文件,其Filter中可以填写的内容和GET中的Filter一样。

    具体内容如下:

    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='GBK'?><wfs:GetFeatureservice='WFS'version='1.0.0'outputFormat='JSON'xmlns:wfs='http://www.opengis.net/wfs'xmlns:ogc='http://www.opengis.net/ogc'xmlns:gml='http://www.opengis.net/gml'xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance'xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.opengis.net/wfs [http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd](http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd)'><wfs:QuerytypeName='cell'><wfs:PropertyName>the_geom</wfs:PropertyName><wfs:PropertyName>test1</wfs:PropertyName><ogc:Filter><Or><PropertyIsEqualTo><PropertyName>test1</PropertyName><Literal>valuetest1</Literal></PropertyIsEqualTo><PropertyIsEqualTo><PropertyName>test2</PropertyName><Literal>valuetest2</Literal></PropertyIsEqualTo></Or></ogc:Filter></wfs:Query></wfs:GetFeature>

    3.4 Transaction(编辑要素)

    该方法支持对要素的增删改。这里直接给出Post请求中发送的XML组织格式:

    3.4.1添加要素

    <wfs:Transactionservice="WFS"version="1.0.0"outputFormat="GML2"xmlns:opengis="[http://www.cetusOpengis.com](http://www.cetusopengis.com/)"xmlns:wfs="[http://www.opengis.net/wfs](http://www.opengis.net/wfs)"xmlns:ogc="[http://www.opengis.net/ogc](http://www.opengis.net/ogc)"xmlns:gml="[http://www.opengis.net/gml](http://www.opengis.net/gml)"xmlns:xsi="[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance)"xsi:schemaLocation="[http://www.opengis.net/wfs](http://www.opengis.net/wfs)  [http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd](http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd)"><wfs:Inserthandle="someprj1"><opengis:someprj><opengis:the_geom><gml:PointsrsName="[http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#3395](http://www.opengis.net/gml/srs/epsg.xml#3395)"><gml:coordinatesdecimal="."cs=","ts="">13404701.212,3850391.781</gml:coordinates></gml:Point></opengis:the_geom><opengis:ssds>13</opengis:ssds><opengis:qqybh>12</opengis:qqybh><opengis:status>0</opengis:status></opengis:someprj></wfs:Insert></wfs:Transaction>

    3.4.2修改要素

    <wfs:Transactionservice="WFS"version="1.0.0"outputFormat="GML2"xmlns:opengis="[http://www.cetusOpengis.com](http://www.cetusopengis.com/)"xmlns:wfs="[http://www.opengis.net/wfs](http://www.opengis.net/wfs)"xmlns:ogc="[http://www.opengis.net/ogc](http://www.opengis.net/ogc)"xmlns:gml="[http://www.opengis.net/gml](http://www.opengis.net/gml)"xmlns:xsi="[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance)"xsi:schemaLocation="[http://www.opengis.net/wfs](http://www.opengis.net/wfs)  [http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd](http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd)"><wfs:UpdatetypeName="opengis:qqyproject"><wfs:Property><wfs:Name>qqybh</wfs:Name><wfs:Value>12</wfs:Value></wfs:Property><ogc:Filter><ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo><ogc:PropertyName>qqybh</ogc:PropertyName><ogc:Literal>0</ogc:Literal></ogc:PropertyIsEqualTo></ogc:Filter></wfs:Update></wfs:Transaction>

    3.4.3删除要素

    <wfs:Transactionservice="WFS"version="1.0.0"outputFormat="GML2"xmlns:opengis="[http://www.cetusOpengis.com](http://www.cetusopengis.com/)"xmlns:wfs="[http://www.opengis.net/wfs](http://www.opengis.net/wfs)"xmlns:ogc="[http://www.opengis.net/ogc](http://www.opengis.net/ogc)"xmlns:gml="[http://www.opengis.net/gml](http://www.opengis.net/gml)"xmlns:xsi="[http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance](http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance)"xsi:schemaLocation="[http://www.opengis.net/wfs](http://www.opengis.net/wfs)  [http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd](http://schemas.opengis.net/wfs/1.0.0/WFS-basic.xsd)"><wfs:DeletetypeName="opengis:qqyproject"><ogc:Filter><ogc:PropertyIsLessThan><ogc:PropertyName>qqybh</ogc:PropertyName><ogc:Literal>12</ogc:Literal></ogc:PropertyIsLessThan><ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan><ogc:PropertyName>qqybh</ogc:PropertyName><ogc:Literal>0</ogc:Literal></ogc:PropertyIsGreaterThan></ogc:Filter></wfs:Delete></wfs:Transaction>

    4.总结

    a.动态出图可以使用WMS中的GetMap请求。

    b.矢量查询可以使用WFS中的GetFeature请求。

    c.要素编辑可以使用WFS中的Transaction请求。

    作者:绒羊

    链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/43ec1e9830f3

    来源:简书

    著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。

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